Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

saMskRt baalapuYpma\ 2
paz: 16 saMp`danakarkma\
Lesson 16 Dative case

The following prepositions are practiced in this case.

“for, to”
Note: the preposition “TO” is used with both objective (2nd) and dative (4th)
cases.
Example:
1) I go to school. 2) I go to the garden.
3) Teacher gives knowledge to students.
4) He gives grass to the cow.
When the verb is “go” the preposition ‘to’ should be identified with 2nd case and
when the verb is “give” the preposition ‘to’ should be identified with 4th case.

Fill up the following words in IV case and understand with the prepositions given
above.

Xa ekvacan iWvacan bahuvac

bd ama\ ama\ anama\
a:
ba baalaay baalaaB baalaoB
ala a yaama\ ya:
nar
pu
$Y
a
AX
va
g
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Stage 2: lesson 16 – Dative case
 Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

aja
fla
l latayaO lataByaa lataBya:
ata ma\
ma
ala
a
r
oK
a
rm
aa
l
ala
na
a
i
Xal
aa

Understand the meaning:

baalaaya for a boy & to a boy (Singular)
baalaaByaama\ for two boys & to two boys (Dual)
baalaO: for many boys & to many boys. (Plural)

Read the following sentences:

1 dugQaM ramaaya 1. The milk is for Ram.

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 Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

Aist .
2 tRNama\ AXvaaya 2. The grass is for horse.
Bavait .
3 flaM Baaojanaaya 3. The fruit is for eating.
Bavait .
4 pustkM &anaaya 4. Book is for knowledge.
Bavait .
5 saUya-: 5. The sun is for light.
p`kaXaaya Bavait .
6 manauYya:
svaasqyaaya 6. Man performs exercise for good
vyaayaamaM kraoit health.

.
7 baalaka: &anaaya 7. Children read lessons for
pazana\ pzit . knowledge.

8 Qainak:
iBaxaukoBya: 8. Rich gives food to beggars.

AnnaM yacCit .
9 Ambaa pu~aya 9. Mother gives milk to (her) son.
dugQaM yacCit .
10 AXva: jalaaya 10. Horse goes to the pool for water.
tDagaM gacCit .

The following words/verbs are used only with 4th case. Learn them.

nama: - salutations svaist – welfare Alama\ - enough

to
svaaha - uttered while offering something in the holy fire (ya&)

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Stage 2: lesson 16 – Dative case
 Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

svaQaa - uttered when sesame seeds are offered during the

ceremony ( Eaawma\ ).
yacCit & ddait – gives d`u(it – deceives
k/uQyait & kuPyait - gets angry
[-Yya-it & AsaUyayait – becomes jealous raocato
& spRhyait – likes

! nama: iXavaaya . ! namaao

naarayaNaaya .
- Salutations to Siva. - Salutations to Narayana.

jaIvaoBya: svaist . Ca~oBya:

svaist .
- Welfare to the living creatures. - Welfare to the students.
rama: ravaNaaya Alama\ . BaIma:
kaOrvaoBya: Alama\ .
- Ram is equal to Ravana. - Bhima is equal to all Kauravas.
! [nd`aya svaaha . ! p`jaaptyao
svaaha .
- Offerings to Indra. - Offerings to Prajapathi (the creator).
! iptRBya: svaQaa .
- Offerings to the fore-fathers.
iXaxak: Ca~oBya: &anaM yacCit . saUya-:
laaokoBya: p`kaXaM yacCit .
- Teacher gives knowledge to students. - The sun gives light to all worlds.
raYT/pit: piNDtoBya: purskarM ddait . maoGa:
jaIvaoBya: jalaM ddait .
- The President gives Awards to Scholars. - The cloud gives water to living beings.
sa: svaima~aya du`(it . rmaoXa:
ramaaya d`u(it .
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- He is jealous of his friend. - Ramesh is jealous of Ram.

duyaao-Qana: paNDvaoBya: k/uQyait .
saOinaka: Xa~uBya: k/uQyaint .
- Duryaodhana angers with Pandavas. - Soldiers anger with enemies.
rajaa duYToBya: kuPyait .
saaQaujanaa: sava-da na kuPyaint .
- King angers with wickeds. - Good people never become angry.
]<amaa: janaa: na [-Yya-int . maUKa-:
eva [-Yya-int .
- Great people do not get jealous. - Only the foolish people get jealous.
maUZ: sava-oBya: AsaUyayait .
&anaXaUnyaa: piNDtoBya: AsaUyayaint .
- A fool gets jealous with everyone. - An ignorant becomes jealous of Scholars.
knyaa puYpoBya: spRhyait . baalaka:
ihmalao(aya spRhyaint .
- A girl likes flowers. - Boys like ice cream.
baalakoBya: k/IDa raocato* . vaanaroBya:
flaaina raocanto*.
- Children like play. - Monkeys like fruits.

*watch raocato : when it is used the subject is used in 4th case and the object is
used in 1st case.

Sloka teaching Cases 4:

ivaVa ivavaadaya QanaM madaya Xai>:
proYaaM pirpIDnaaya .
Klasya saaQaao: ivaprItmaott\ &anaaya
danaaya ca rxaNaaya ..
Meaning: Foolish use education for argument, money for proud and strength to
harm others. But for the good they are for knowledge, charity and protection.

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Stage 2: lesson 16 – Dative case
 Kalidasa – Samskrita – Kendram, 18, Sannathi Street, Madurantakam, India

praopkaraya flaint vaRxaa: praopkaraya

duhint gaava: .
praopkaraya vahint naV: paraopkaraqa-ma\
[dM XarIrma\ ..
Meaning: Trees bear fruits for the welfare of others, cows milk to help others,
rivers flow for the welfare of others and the body also to help others.

ramaaya ramaBad`aya ramacand`aya

vaoQasao .
rGanaaqaaya naaqaaya saItayaa: ptyao
nama: ..
Meaning: Salutations to Rama, Ramabhadra, Ramachandra, Vedas,
Raghunatha, My lord and husband of Sita.

Lessons are prepared and published on behalf of Kalidasa-Samskrita-Kendram Trust,

Madurantakam by V.C. Govindarajan. Your feedback to vcgrajan@yahoo.com or
vcgrajan@hotmail.com
by Kalidasa-Samskrita-Kendram, Madurantakam

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Next lesson: Lesson 16 : Supplementary to case 4 (Dative case)

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