SCISSORS

this surgical instrument is mainly used to cut body tissues.

SUTURE SCISSOR

Have blunt points to prevent structures close to the suture from

being cut. The scrub person may use scissors to cut sutures during preparation if needed.

 BANDAGE SCISSOR

Bandage scissors are angled tip scissors, with a blunt tip on the bottom blade, which helps in cutting bandages without gouging the skin. Bandage scissors are very popular in any health care facility because they are designed to safely lift bandages away from skin for easy cutting. The bottom blade of the scissor is longer and goes easily under the bandages. The blunt tip design of the scissor prevents accidental injury while making bandage removal very easy, smooth, and quick. The scissors safely lifts bandage away from skin for easy cutting.

CURVED MAYO SCISSOR

Used to cut heavy tissues (fascia, muscle, Uterus, breast)

MAYO STRAIGHT

Common to most surgical trays, used for cutting dense tissue where Metz scissors are too delicate. used to cut suture and supplies

L O N G METZENBAUM SCISSOR

SHORT METZENBAUM SCISSOR

C U RVED METZENBAUM (PRINCE)

The most common scissors use for cutting delicate tissue.

HEMOCLIP APPLIERS AND HEMOCLIP FOLDER WITH HEMOCLIPS

A device for applying a plurality of hemoclips to blood vessels and the like includes a longitudinally disposed frame having a pistol grip and an opposed trigger lever extending from

the proximal end thereof. A narrow, internal passageway extends the length of the frame, from a loading opening at the proximal end to a fixed lower jaw at the distal end of the frame. A plurality of U-shaped hemoclips is disposed in the passageway with the points thereof extending toward the distal jaw portion. An upper jaw extends from a clevis member which straddles the frame and is pivotally joined to an upper medial portion thereof. The trigger lever is pivotable to cause the clevis member to pivot upwardly and the upper jaw to close upon the lower jaw to crush a hemoclip disposed there between. A piston resiliently biased in the internal passageway urges the hemoclips toward the jaw portion, and a feed release lever is disposed at the proximal end of the passageway to discharge a hemoclip from the passageway to the jaw portion with each full actuation of the upper jaw.

NEEDLE HOLDERS

WEBSTER NEEDLE HOLDER

Needle holders are surgical instruments, similar to a hemostat, used to hold a suturing needle for suturing tissue during surgical procedures. The parts of a simple needle holder are the jaws, the joint and the handles

CUTTING INSTRUMENTS, SCALPEL HANDLES AND BLADES

SCALPELS

The type of scalpel most commonly used has a reusable handle with a disposable blade. Most handles are made of brass; the blades may be made a carbon steel. The blade is attached to the handle by slipping the slit in the blade into the grooves on the handle.

An instrument, never the fingers, is used to attach and detach the blade; this instrument, usually a heavy haemostat or Kelly clamp, should not touch the cutting edge. Blades vary by size and shape; handles vary by width and length:

A No. 10 blade is used most often. This blade has

a rounded cutting edge along one side and fits on Nos. 3, 7, 9 handles. Nos. 20, 21 , and 22 blades are the same shape but are larger; they fit on No. 4 handles. A No. 11 blade has a straight edge that comes to a sharp point, it fits on Nos. 3, 7, and 9 handles. A No. 12 blade is shaped like a hook, with the cutting edge on the inside curvature. It fits on Nos. 3, 7 and 9 handles. A No. 15 blade has a smaller and shorter curved cutting edge than a No. 10 blade. This blade also fits on Nos. 3, 7 and 9 handles. A No. 15 C blade has the same shape but is smaller for tiny incisions, such as those for some pediatric procedures. A No. 23 blade has a curved cutting edge that comes to more of a point that Nos. 20, 21, and 22 blades. The No. 23 blade fits on a No. 4 handle. An assortment of blades with angulations and configurations for specific uses, such as Beaver blade, also are used. These blades insert into a special universal handle that secures by turning a screw-in collar. Disposable scalpels are available.

TISSUE FORCEPS

1.TISSUE FORCEP WITH TEETH

2. 3. 4.

RUSSIAN TISSUE FORCEP ALLIS TISSUE FORCEP RUSSIAN TISSUE FORCEP

are forceps which have been designed to grip tissue. The ends of the forceps are equipped with small teeth which act to grasp the tissue under consideration, allowing people to manipulate it as needed.

GRASPING INSTRUMENTS

BOBCOCK CLAMP

For grasping soft tissue or bowel.

forceps with loop blades which are also semicircular in sagittal cross-section. Designed to hold a short length of intestine without compressing it.

ALLIS CLAMP

Often used for grasping soft tissue such as breast tissue or bowel tissue

KOCKER(OCHSNER) CLAMP

Used to grasp bone or fascia.

FOERSTER SPONGE FORCEPS

 a two-bladed instrument with a handle, used for compressing or grasping tissues in surgical operations, handling sterile dressings, and other purposes.

BACKHAUS TOWEL CLAMP

a clamp used for fixing drapes to the skin of anesthetized patients. A scissor action with ratchet fixation at the finger loops and sharp, incurving, needle-like blades.

CLAMPING INSTRUMENTS

MOSQUITO(HALSTED)CLAMP

A small, straight or curved hemostatic forceps used to hold delicate tissue or compress a bleeding vessel.

KELLY CLAMPS:CURVED AND STRAIGHT

a curved hemostat without teeth, introduced for gynecologic surgery.

 CURVED CRILE CLAMP

A forceps with pronged jaws designed to engage the jaws of a rubber dam clamp so that they may be separated to pass over the widest buccolingual contour of a tooth.

RETRACTORS
When an incision is made, it has to be kept open during surgery. This job of keeping the incision wide open by retractors. These instruments are used to pull back the tissues so that the surgeon can easily access. Retractors are made available in different sizes and shapes. For instance, lung retractors may be used to push aside the lungs gently for getting an unobstructed view of the surgical site.

ARMY NAVY RETRACTOR

Common to the both major and minor orthopedic and general surgery trays (manual) is used to retract shallow or superficial incisions. Other names: USA, US Army

DEAVER RETRACTORS

manual) is used to retract deep abdominal or chest incisions. Available in various widths.

RICHARDSON RETRACTOR

(manual) is used to retract deep abdominal or chest incisions. Available in various widths.

MALLEABLE RETRACTORS

A malleable retractor is a flat length of low-

carbon stainless steel , silver or silver plated copper that may be bent to the desired angle and depth for retraction.

 DEEP GELPI RETRACTOR

Most commonly used in orthopedic and spine surgery.

BALFOUR ABDOMINAL RETRACTOR A Balfour retractor is a surgical instrument which is used by a surgeonto hold open abdominal incisions during a laparotomy. Retractors of all shapes and sizes are used to clearly expose the surgical site during surgeries so that the surgeon can see what he or she is doing, and they work in a variety of ways. In the case of a Balfour retractor, the device holds itself in place, leaving the hands of surgeon and assistants free to focus on surgical tasks. In laparoscopic

surgery, retractors are not used, with the surgeon making a series of small incisions and viewing the site of the surgery with cameras. This particular retractor consists of a long rod with two attached loops on either side and a central retractor blade. The loops can be pushed apart to open up the wound, and a ratcheting device holds them in place, although Balfour retractors have been known to slide themselves closed under intense pressure. The central blade can be raised or lowered to increase the view of the surgical field or to hold tissue out of the way so that a surgeon can operate

 WEITLANER RETRACTOR
Available with both sharp and dull jaws. an instrument or appliance for drawing back an impeding part, as the edge of an incision.

RIB SPREADER

A rib spreader is a type of retractor specifically designed to separate ribs in thoracic surgery.

Th ribs a the a surge requi locat the r

Senn Retractors

Senn retractors are double ended retractors used in surgical procedures. One end is typically L shaped, and the other has three bent prongs. The pronged ends come in sharp and dull tips. They are regularly used in hand and foot surgeries.

ACCESORY INSTRUMENTS

FRAZIER SUCTION TIPS

It is a right angle tube with a small diameter , it is used and irrigating fluid , such as in brain, spinal, plastic, or orthopaedic procedures . The frazier tip keeps the field dry without the need for sponging. when encountering little or no fluid except capillary bleeding

POOLE ABDOMINAL TIP

It is a hollow tube with perforated outer filter shield .It is

used during abdominal laparotomy or within any cavity in which copious amounts of fluid or pus are encountered. The outer filter filled prevents the adjacent tissues from being pulled into the Suction apparatus.

ASPIRATION
Blood, body fluid, or tissue may be aspirated manually to obtain specimen for laboratory examination or to obtain marrow For transplantation. Suction is often performed with a needle and syringe.

 TROCAR
It is needed to cut through tissues for access to fluid or a body cavity. A trocar has sharp cutting edges at the end of a hollow tube. A cannula with a blunt end fits inside the trocar to keep fluid or gad from escaping until the cannula is removed.

CANNULA

A cannula with a blunt end and perforation around the tip

may be used to aspirate fluid without cutting into tissue. Cannulas also are used to open blocked vessels or ducts for drainage or to shunt blood flow from the surgical site.

VIEWING
Surgeons can examine the interior of body cavities, can perform any procedures through them. hollow organs or structures with viewing instruments and

SPECULUMS

The hinged blunt blades of a speculum enlarge and hold open a canal (e.g vagina, rectum) for a cavity(e.g nose.) An ear speculum is like a funnel.

ENDOSCOPES

The round or oval sheath of an endoscope is inserted into a body orifice or through a small incision, each type of endoscope

Is designed for viewing in a specific anatomic location.

STAPLERS

Whether reusable or disposable ,all surgical staples are moving parts and are disassembled for cleaning and assembled

Bulky, heavy instruments. Reusable staplers have many

at the sterile field before use. Sterile- single use, disposable staplers that are completely assembled eliminate the many problems associated with reusable instruments .The staples are usually made from titanium , stainless steel , or

absorbable material.

CLIP APPLIERS

Individual staples can be placed with a preloaded or single

clip applier. These clips are used to mark tissue and to

occlude vessels or small lumens of tubes. Powered or manual styles are available. Endoscopic clip appliers have been used for many years with laparoscopic tubal occlusion for reproductive sterilization.

SURGICAL NEEDLES

COMMON SUTURE NEEDLES AND USES NAME Keith King BODY Straight 3/8 circle EYE Both Both POINT Spear Spear COMMON USAGE Skin Rentention sutures

Fistula Trocar Scalp Reverse Cutting Ferguson

1/2 circle(heavy) 1/2 circle 1/2 circle 3/8 circle 1/2 circle (medium size)

Eye Both Eye Both Both

Spear Trocar Trocar Spear Round

Mayo 1/2 circle heavy Gastrointestinal Cardiovascular 1/2 circle(thin) 1/2circle(double arm 2-needles)

Both Both atraumatic

Round Round Round

Back and thigh muscles Cervix Scalp Skin, plastic surgery Subcutaneous, fascia, peritoneum, abdominal muscle Uterine muscles Gastrointestinal Cardiovascular

SUGICAL SUTURE

Is a medical device used to hold body tissues together after an injury or surgery. It generally

consists of a needle with an attached length of thread.

Different Surgical Instruments and Their Functions

Various basic maneuvers are common to all surgical procedures. The surgeon dissects, resects, or alters tissues and/ or organs to restore or repair bodily functions or body parts. Bleeding must be controlled during process.Surgical instruments are designed to provide

the tools the surgeon needs for each maneuver , whether they are small or large , short or long straight or curved, sharp or blunt , all instruments can be classified by their function . Because the nomenclature is not standardized, names of specific instruments must be learned in the clinical practice setting. All instruments should be used only for their intended purpose, and they should not be abused.

University of Perpetual Help System Jonelta- GMA Campus Barangay San Gabriel, GMA Cavite

College of Nursing Requirement In RLE

Submitted by:
Buergo, Melanie Bunan, Edgar Allan Cabagong, Jonah Mae Cadalin, Glory Ann Calica, Ma.Fe Caluya, Edgardo Carunungan, Leni Caserial, Glorie Ann Castillo, Cristine May Celis, Edgil Edison

BSN IIIA/ Group 4

Submitted to: Araceli Amurao, RN, RM, MAN Clinical Instructor

Operating Room Instruments and Their Functions

BSN IIIA/Group 4 04 May 2011