AnlmaLlon ls a graphlc represenLaLlon of drawlngs Lo show movemenL wlLhln

Lhose drawlngs A serles of drawlngs are llnked LogeLher and usually

phoLographed by a camera 1he drawlngs have been sllghLly changed beLween
lndlvlduallzed frames so when Lhey are played back ln rapld successlon (24 frames
per second) Lhere appears Lo be seamless movemenL wlLhln Lhe drawlngs


loneers of anlmaLlon lnclude Wlnsor McCay of Lhe unlLed SLaLes and Lmlle Cohl
and Ceorges Melles of lrance
Some parL Lo descrlbe Wlnsor McCay and Ceorges Melles's work



Larly anlmaLlons whlch sLarLed appearlng before 1910 conslsLed of slmple
drawlngs phoLographed one aL a Llme
lL was exLremely labor lnLenslve as Lhere were llLerally hundreds of drawlngs per
mlnuLe of fllm
1he developmenL of cellulold around 1913 qulckly made anlmaLlon easler Lo
manage
lnsLead of numerous drawlngs Lhe anlmaLor now could make a complex
background and/or foreground and sandwlch movlng characLers ln beLween
several oLher pleces of cellulold whlch ls LransparenL excepL for where drawlngs
are palnLed on lL 1hls made lL unnecessary Lo repeaLedly draw Lhe background as
lL remalned sLaLlc and only Lhe characLers moved lL also creaLed an llluslon of
depLh especlally lf foreground elemenLs were placed ln Lhe frames


WalL ulsney Look anlmaLlon Lo a new level Pe was Lhe flrsL anlmaLor Lo add
sound Lo hls movle carLoons wlLh Lhe premlere of 5teomboot wlllle ln 1928 ln
1937 he produced Lhe flrsL full lengLh anlmaLed feaLure fllm 5oow wblte ooJ tbe
5eveo uwotfs

The Process of Animation
1. A storyboard is made, all the animators and directors come together to discuss the entire
Iilm.
2. The storyboards are presented as the story

3. Once the story is laid out, the dialogue is recorded. This is done beIore animation, so the
animators know what the characters will say.
4. AIter the dialogue is recorded, the animators can make rough sketches oI just the
characters. Usually these drawings are quite messy, there is still no color, or background.
Some animated Iilms have used over 50,000 individual drawings.

At most animation studios, the best animators only sketched a Iew animation drawings,
leaving gaps in between. Later on, a person called an "inbetweener" would Iinish the scenes,
by drawing in between the areas that the animator had leIt.
5. Once the entire Iilm has been drawn on paper, the animation drawings go to the inking
department. There, the inkers copy the animation drawings on to a clear celluloid acetate,
sometimes called a Cel.
6. AIter the outline oI the characters has been made, the unIinished Cel's go to the Painting
Department. The painters Ilip the Cel over, and paint the colors on the back. They paint on
the back so the characters appear crisp, and have an outline.
7. BeIore the Animation Cels get photographed a background must be added. Because a Cel
is clear, and it only has the painted character on it, iI a background is made, it will show
through. Usually backgrounds are painted with Tempera or Water Color paint. Although, in
some Disney productions, the background was painted on glass, and combined with other
glass painted backgrounds to create the illusion oI extreme movement. (This technique is use
in Snow White and the Seven DwarIs.)
8. Now all the combined elements (the Cel and the background) can be photographed.
Although, the Iinal product is not Iilmed with a normal projector, or camera. A special
device, with a lens mounted Iacing down on to a table top captures each Irame oI the
animated Ieature. Usually, the background is placed into a special mount, then covered with
the Cel, then covered with a large piece oI glass, then photographed.
. AIter all the drawings have been Iilmed, the dialogue is added. Sometimes the Iilm is
edited at this step.
10. The animated Iilm is released, and the general public may view it.

Some vldeo
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W|th the |ntroduct|on of computers anlmaLlon Look on a whole new
meanlng Many feaLure fllms of Loday had anlmaLlon lncorporaLed lnLo Lhem for
speclal effecLs A fllm llke 5tot wots by Ceorge Lucas would rely heavlly on
compuLer anlmaLlon for many of lLs speclal effecLs 1oy 5toty produced by WalL
ulsney roducLlons and lxar AnlmaLlon SLudlos became Lhe flrsL full lengLh
feaLure fllm anlmaLed enLlrely on compuLers when lL was released ln 1993
WlLh Lhe advenL of personal compuLers lL has now become posslble for Lhe
average person Lo creaLe anlmaLlons Cllck on Lhe draw buLLon Lo learn how our
sLudenLs creaLed Lhelr anlmaLlons