ABSTRACT

This paper describes a study that assessed the Ieasibility oI developing an concept prototype Ior
an On-Line Intelligent Processor ,to serve as a central processor to manage sensors, drive
decision-aids, and adapt pilot/vehicle interIaces in the next-generation military cockpit. The
approach integrates several enabling technologies to perIorm the three essential Iunctions oI real-
time situation assessment:
Event detection uses a Iuzzy logic processor and an event rulebase to transIorm Iused sensor
data into situationally-relevant semantic variables.
Current situation assessment is perIormed using a belieI network (BN) model to combine
detected events into a holistic 'picture oI the current situation, Ior probabilistic reasoning in the
presence oI uncertainty.
Future situation prediction is carried out via case-based reasoning, to project the current
situation into the Iuture via experience-based outcome prediction.
The prototype IP was developed in object-oriented C and integrated with a Ilight
simulation model on an SGI workstation. IP`s perIormance was demonstrated initially in the
deIensive reaction portion oI an air-to-ground attack mission, in which a pilot must deal with an
attack Irom threat aircraIt. Situation awareness models were developed to support the pilot`s
assessment oI the threat posed by detected aircraIt.



























Introduction to Processor
processor is a primary chip inside a computer and it contains the digital circuitry.
processor executes all the programs and the instructions inside the computer. The
processor is also embedded in the small devices and in the personal computers and is
known as microprocessor. Its speed is measured in the Gigahertz. Higher the
processor`s speed, the more instructions it can process in less time. It is also known
as the central processing unit (CPU).
The CPU is the most important component oI a computer system. CPU is also known
as the brain oI the computer and all the important calculations and processing takes
place in it. The CPU is directly inserted in the CPU socket on the motherboard. The
Iorm, design, speed and the implementations oI the CPUs have changed dramatically
but their basic Iunctionalities are the same. Every CPU consists oI the Iollowing two
important components.
Arithmetic Logic Unit
It perIorms the logical and the arithmetic operations.
Control Unit
It extracts the instructions Irom memory and executes them.
Intel is the leading manuIacture oI the computer`s processors and the Pentium IV is
the latest processor in the market, which is designed to create the high perIormance,
multimedia experience, video content creation and the images processing.
Pentium IV processor uses the hyper-threading technology, which enables the multi
thread soItware applications to execute the two soItware thread in parallel. Intel`s
processor uses the power management technique by using the Enhanced Intel
Speedstep Technology that allows the operating system to adjust the processor to
adjust itselI with the applications that require less power and hence it provides the
increased power saving.
The Intel Processor`s latest technology is the Dual Core. Dual Core technology uses
the two separate core on the same die and its equivalent oI having two
microprocessors in one. In the dual core processing, each core handles the incoming
data strings to provide the better eIIiciency.
To utilize the dual core technology, the operating system and soItware applications
must be able to multi-threading technology. Dual core processors can be used with the
existing motherboard. The computer servers with the multiple dual core processors
have excellent perIormance and can they are used as the web server and to support the
distributed highly scalable applications.
D, Intel Centrino, Intel Celeron and Intel Dual are the diIIerent types oI the
processor.





































Processor History Details Pictures Only

1969: Four-Phase
Systems AL1
The AL1 was an 8-bit bit
slice chip containing eight
registers and an ALU

t
was designed by Lee
Boysel in 1969 At the
time, it formed part of a
nine-chip, 24-bit CPU with
three AL1s, but it was
later called a
microprocessor when, in
response to 1990s
litigation by Texas
nstruments, a
demonstration system
was constructed where a
single AL1 formed part of
a courtroom
demonstration computer
system, together with
RAM, ROM, and an input-
output device

1971: Pico/GI
PICO1/GI250
n 1971 Pico Electronics
and General nstrument
(G) introduced their first
collaboration in Cs, a
complete single chip
calculator C for the
Monroe/Litton Royal
Digital calculator. This
chip could also arguably
lay claim to be one of the
first microprocessors or
microcontrollers having
ROM, RAM and a RSC
instruction set on-chip.
The layout for the four
layers of the PMOS
process was hand drawn
at x500 scale on mylar
film, a significant task at
the time given the
complexity of the chip.

1971: InteI 4004
The 4004 was ntel's first
microprocessor. This
breakthrough invention
powered the Busicom
calculator and paved the
way for embedding
intelligence in inanimate
objects as well as the
personal computer.

1972: InteI 8008
The 8008 was twice as
powerful as the 4004. A
1974 article in Radio
Electronics referred to a
device called the Mark-8
which used the 8008. The
Mark-8 is known as one
of the first computers for
the home --one that by
today's standards was
difficult to build, maintain
and operate.

1974: InteI 8080
The 8080 became the
brains of the first personal
computer--the Altair,
allegedly named for a
destination of the
Starship Enterprise from
the Star Trek television
show. Computer
hobbyists could purchase
a kit for the Altair for
$395. Within months, it
sold tens of thousands,
creating the first PC back
orders in history.

1974: Texas
Instruments TMS1000

1974: NationaI
Semiconductor "Pace"
16Bit

1975: MotoroIa 6502

1976: ZiIog Z80

1978: InteI 8086-8088
A pivotal sale to BM's
new personal computer
division made the 8088
the brains of BM's new
hit product--the BM PC.
The 8088's success
propelled ntel into the
ranks of the ortune 500,
andortune magazine
named the company one
of the "Business Triumphs
of the Seventies."

1979: MotoroIa 68000

1981: HP 32 bit

1982: InteI 80286
The 80286, originally
known as the 80286, was
the first ntel processor
that could run all the
software written for its
predecessor. This
software compatibility
remains a hallmark of
ntel's family of
microprocessors. Within 6
years of its release, an
estimated 15 million
80286-based personal
computers were installed
around the world.

1985: InteI 80386
The
ntel386 microprocessor
featured 275,000
transistors--more than
100times as many as the
original 4004. t was a 32-
bit chip and was "multi
tasking," meaning it could
run multiple programs at
the same time.

1989: InteI 80486
The 80486 processor
generation really meant
you go from a command-
level computer into point-
and-click computing. "
could have a color
computer for the first time
and do desktop publishing
at a significant speed,"
recalls technology
historian David K. Allison
of the Smithsonian's
National Museum of
American History. The
80486 processor was the
first to offer a built-in math
coprocessor, which
speeds up computing
because it offloads
complex math functions
from the central
processor.

1989: AMD486DX

1993: InteI Pentium
The Pentium processor
allowed computers to
more easily incorporate
"real world" data such as
speech, sound,
handwriting and
photographic images. The
ntel Pentium brand,
mentioned in the comics
and on television talk
shows, became a
household word soon
after introduction.

1995: InteI Pentium Pro
Released in the fall of
1995 the Pentium Pro
processor is designed to
fuel 32-bit server and
workstation applications,
enabling fast computer-
aided design, mechanical
engineering and scientific
computation. Each
Pentium Pro processor is
packaged together with a
second speed-enhancing
cache memory chip. The
powerful Pentium Pro
processor boasts 5.5
million transistors.

1997: InteI Pentium II
The 7.5 million-transistor
Pentium processor
incorporates ntel MMX
technology, which is
designed specifically to
process video, audio and
graphics data efficiently. t
was introduced in
innovative Single Edge
Contact (S.E.C) Cartridge
that also incorporated a
high-speed cache
memory chip. With this
chip, PC users can
capture, edit and share
digital photos with friends
and family via the
nternet; edit and add text,
music or between-scene
transitions to home
movies; and, with a video
phone, send video over
standard phone lines and
the nternet.

1998: InteI Pentium
II Xeon
The Pentium Xeon
processors are designed
to meet the performance
requirements of mid-
range and higher servers
and workstations.
Consistent with ntel's
strategy to deliver unique
processor products
targeted for specific
markets segments, the
ntel Pentium Xeon
processors feature
technical innovations
specifically designed for
workstations and servers
that utilize demanding
business applications
such as nternet services,
corporate data
warehousing, digital
content creation, and
electronic and mechanical
design automation.
Systems based on the
processor can be
configured to scale to four
or eight processors and
beyond.

1999: InteI CeIeron
Continuing ntel's strategy
of developing processors
for specific market
segments, the Celeron
processor is designed for
the value PC market
segment. t provides
consumers great
performance at an
exceptional price, and it
delivers excellent
performance for uses
such as gaming and
educational software.

1999: InteI Pentium III
The Pentium processor
features 70 new
instructions--nternet
Streaming SMD
extensions-- that
dramatically enhance the
performance of advanced
imaging, 3-D, streaming
audio, video and speech
recognition applications. t
was designed to
significantly enhance
nternet experiences,
allowing users to do such
things as browse through
realistic online museums
and stores and download
high-quality video. The
processor incorporates
9.5 million transistors, and
was introduced using
0.25-micron technology.

1999: InteI Pentium III
Xeon"
The Pentium
Xeon processor extends
ntel's offerings to the
workstation and server
market segments,
providing additional
performance for e-
Commerce applications
and advanced business
computing. The
processors incorporate
the Pentium
processor's 70 SMD
instructions, which
enhance multimedia and
streaming video
applications. The Pentium
Xeon processor's
advance cache
technology speeds
information from the
system bus to the
processor, significantly
boosting performance. t
is designed for systems
with multiprocessor
configurations.

2000: InteI Pentium 4
Users of Pentium 4
processor-based PCs can
create professional-
quality movies; deliver
TV-like video via the
nternet; communicate
with real-time video and
voice; render 3D graphics
in real time; quickly
encode music for MP3
players; and
simultaneously run
several multimedia
applications while
connected to the nternet.
The processor debuted
with 42 million transistors
and circuit lines of 0.18
microns. ntel's first
microprocessor, the 4004,
ran at 108 kilohertz
(108,000 hertz),
compared to the ntel
Pentium 4 processor's
initial speed of 1.5
gigahertz (1.5 billion
hertz). f automobile
speed had increased
similarly over the same
period, you could now
drive from San Francisco
to New York in about 13
seconds.

2001: InteI Xeon
The Xeon processor is
targeted for high-
performance and mid-
range, dual-processor
workstations, dual and
multi-processor server
configurations coming in
the future. The platform
offers customers a choice
of operating systems and
applications, along with
high performance at
affordable prices. ntel
Xeon processor-based
workstations are expected
to achieve performance
increases between 30
and 90 percent over
systems featuring
Pentium Xeon
processors depending on
applications and
configurations. The
processor is based on the
ntel NetBurst
architecture, which is
designed to deliver the
processing power needed
for video and audio
applications, advanced
nternet technologies, and
complex 3-D graphics.

2001: InteI Itanium
The tanium processor is
the first in a family of 64-
bit products from ntel.
Designed for high-end,
enterprise-class servers
and workstations, the
processor was built from
the ground up with an
entirely new architecture
based on ntel's Explicitly
Parallel nstruction
Computing (EPC) design
technology. The
processor delivers world-
class performance for the
most demanding
enterprise and high-
performance computing
applications, including e-
Commerce security
transactions, large
databases, mechanical
computer-aided
engineering, and
sophisticated scientific
and engineering
computing.

2002: InteI Itanium 2
The tanium 2
processor is the second
member of the tanium
processor family, a line of
enterprise-class
processors. The family
brings outstanding
performance and the
volume economics of the
ntel Architecture to the
most data-intensive,
business-critical and
technical computing
applications. t provides
leading performance for
databases, computer-
aided engineering, secure
online transactions, and
more.

2003: InteI Pentium M
The Pentium M
processor, the ntel 855
chipset family, and the
PRO/Wireless 2100
network connection are
the three components of
Centrino mobile
technology. ntel Centrino
mobile technology is
designed specifically for
portable computing, with
built-in wireless LAN
capability and
breakthrough mobile
performance. t enables
extended battery life and
thinner, lighter mobile
computers.






Definition

Computer contro||ed machines used |n manufacturingprocesses such as forging form|ng

[o|n|ng machining |nspect|ng testing and material handling Ipes add artificial
intelligence to the programmab|||ty and flexibility of e|ectron|ca||y
contro||ed equipment enab||ng them to sense the characteristics of the |tem
be|ng worked on andautomatically adjust the|r operations accord|ng|y
An |ntegrated c|rcu|t that conta|ns the ent|re centra| process|ng un|t of a computer on a s|ng|e ch|p A
s|ng|e |ntegrated c|rcu|t perform|ng the bas|c funct|ons of the centra| process|ng un|t |n a sma||
computer






























































I5 And i7 Processor
The upcoming LynnIield chip (desktop) will be available as either Intel Core i5 or Intel Core i7
depending upon the Ieature set and capability, Calder wrote. ClarksIield (mobile) will have the Intel
Core i7 name.
rrandale (32-nanometer mobile) will appear as the Core i3 but will ultimately span the Core brand
to include Core i3, Core i5, and Core i7. Clarkdale (32-nanometer desktop) will be available under
the Core i3 and Intel Core i5 brands, Calder said.
The widely-used Centrino moniker will be phased out as a PC brand, according to Calder. Centrino
"will be used as a name Ior Wi-Fi and Wi products" and "still be in market on mobile PCs into
next year," he said. But eventually will be discontinued.
"In the back halI oI this year you'll begin to see Core i5 and more Core i7s coming to market. Then
by the Iirst part oI next year you'll begin to see Core i3, and i5, i7," said Deborah Conrad, vice
president and director oI corporate marketing at Intel, speaking in a video posted on Intel's Web site.
"Then the old names will get retired as those products get phased out," she said.
Intel also disclosed other branding. "We will still have Celeron Ior entry-level computing at
aIIordable price points, Pentium Ior basic computing, and oI course the Intel tom processor Ior all
these new devices ranging Irom netbooks to smartphones," according to the post. "For PC
purchasing, think in terms oI good-better-best with Celeron being good, Pentium better, and the Intel
Core Iamily representing the best we have to oIIer," he wrote.
"We are Iocusing our strategy around a primary 'hero' client brand which is Intel Core. Today the
Intel Core brand has a mind boggling array oI derivatives (such as Core 2 Duo and Core 2 Quad, etc).
Over time those will go away and in its place will be a simpliIied Iamily oI Core processors," Calder
wrote.
Calder continued: "This will be an evolutionary process taking place over time, and we acknowledge
that multiple brands will be in the market next year including older ones, as we make the transition."








Performance of i5 processor
Intel Core i5 Processor was launched in the year end oI 2009. Its smart and intelligent perIormance matches that oI humans. You
can expect both, reliable perIormance Ior the commonly used everyday applications, and at the same time enhanced speed Ior the
complicated operations.
Turbo Boost Technology
When you are working on demanding applications, Intel Turbo Boost Tecchnology augments the system speed by incrementing
the CPU`s clock ratio. This Ieature dynamically increases perIormance to meet the applications` load.
Hyper-Threading Technology
What do you expect oI your system while working on multiple applications? Obviously, it should retain the eIIiciency without
becoming sluggish. This is exactly what Hyper-Threading Technology real-time multi-threading technology does to Intel i5.
The 32nm dual-core processor runs two logical cores in a single physical core at the same Irequency, thus each core works on
two separate tasks at any given time.
HD Graphics
II you want to compose digital music, play games, edit photos, create HD video, or watch internet movies without an add-in
video card then enjoy it with Intel HD Graphics. You can experience sharper images and real-like audio and video results.
Integrated Memory Controller
The integrated memory controller permits two channels oI high-speed DDR3 1333 Hz memory. Due to the lower latency and
superior memory bandwidth the memory controller attains remarkable perIormance levels. This assists you in working with data-
exhaustive applications with an amazing ease.
Smart Cache
You are Iacilitated with an eIIortless access to the regularly used data through the Intel`s Smart Cache Ieature. shared cache is
dynamically assigned to each physical core based on the number oI opened applications. Each core is able to access the data Irom
the Iast cache, thus making the data availability prompt.
Intel Core i5 oIIers you with an accelerated PC power through intelligent perIormance. Intel simpliIies by stating 'that`s smart
perIormance with speed boost.









Performance of i7 processor


























Advantages of Intelligent Processor
O Business needs have changed
O Better PC security and manageability even if encrypted, wired, or wireless, and inside or
outside the corporate firewall.
O Spend wisely and recoup costs rapidly.
O Use an existing management console for both laptop and desktop PCs
O Communication outside the corporate firewall.
O Communicate remotely with wired or wireless PCs.
O PC-initiated secure communication
O Robust security schemes for remote communication.