SVEUILITE/ UNIVERZITET VITEZ U TRAVNIKU ZDRAVSTVENI FAKULTET U TRAVNIKU TRAVNIK

Kidneys and kidney disorder

ESEY

Predmet : Prof: Doc.dr. Student: Broj indeksa: Odsjek:

Travnik, oktobar 2011

SVEUILITE/ UNIVERZITET VITEZ U TRAVNIKU ZDRAVSTVENI FAKULTET U TRAVNIKU TRAVNIK

Kidneys and kidney disorder

ESEY

Predmet : Prof: Doc.dr. Student: Broj indeksa: Odsjek:

Travnik, oktobar 2011

SADRAJ

1. UVOD

Both kidneys are located along the rear wall of the abdomen, outside the peritoneal cavity.In the adult human kidney mass is about medialside 150 grams, it's about of each the renalarteries, outer part called as big fist.On the

kidney is called Depression (Latin) hilus. Chyle passes through bottom, you can see two main areas: the

veins, lymph vessels, nerves and ureter. Whether the kidney is cut from top to the cortex (lat.cortex), and called the inner core (Lat. medulla). The core is divided into a number of conical shape formation, called renal pyramids. Each pyramid starts with the base, which is located on the borderimeu cortex and marrow, and ends as the nipples (Lat. papilla), which protrudes into continuation of the the space water of the reservoir (Lat. pelvis renales), the urethra (lat. ureter). upper funnel end

The creation of urine are four basic phases: 1. renal artery after the branching of multiple causes blood in the glomeruli 2. occurs in the glomerular ultrafiltrate of plasma that enters the system Bowmanovubushing and drainage canals 3. ducts in the process of changing the filtrate reabsorption and secretion 4. final urine flows into the water reservoir and leave the kidney through the ureter, urinary bladder and urethra.

1. 1. Pathophysiology Kidney disease may therefore be due to disorders that primarily affect the blood may be upset and vessels, glomeruli, tubules and interstitial tissue the effects that separates individual nephrons. In addition to the kidney disease, renal function ofizvanbubrenih factors. Different factorscan prerenalni much reduced kidney perfu sion with blood lead to secondary disturbances in kidney function. In a similar way to renal diseasemay occur and the effects of postrenalnih factors that lead to blockage of urinary drainage 1. 2. Acute renal failure Acute renal failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by deterioratio of renaldysfunction in the secretion of water, electrolytes, hydrogen ions, and the decay products in the syndrome of acute renal failure occurs as clinical syndrome of cases diuresis remain acute of protein metabolism. This multipleorgan an renal failure is syndrome is failure. Only now generally seen about 8% of the of 3

isolated problem. Sizediuresis in uncertain indication and 30% / the development

constant, otherwise or anuria (urine

of oliguria (urine

output <500ml urina/24h)

output <100 ml/24h). Since 2

of acute uremiaconsequences around the world prerenalne uremia most important measure of this condition is timely correction of insufficient circulating volume. 1. 3. Chronic renal failure:
Chronic renal failure is a clinical syndrome that stands for progressive and continuousdeterioration of the nephron leading to failure of renal function: of protein metabolism). of erythropoietin, Third metabolic (biologically is renal failure or renal Chronic renal disease First excretory (water, elektoliti, degradation products Second endocrine (secretion vitamin D3, vasodilator prostaglandins) important substances, than three drugs, ..)

impairment, ie. glomerular filtration rate ofless than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for more months. Kidney damage meansabnormal urine, biochemical blood tests, x-ray findings or other imaging and renal biopsy.

2. TREATMENT
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2. 1. Dialysis
On the question of when to start dialysis treatment is not easy to answer. In makingdecisions we urea, creatinine, must next level of biochemical parameters (concentration of ions, bicarbonate, ..) to If we take into such electrolytes, hydrogen

account patient age, constitutionand associated diseases: diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, anemia,...) . choose is a hemodialysis vascular access. As a permanent vascular accessshould certainly be preferred subcutaneous artrio-venous fistula. Today it is accepted thatit is desirable, especially in In If we, in this people with atherosclerosis, method, we choose the consultation with the opted and but expressed surgery on the surface treatment, type patient (which for peritoneal dialysis is unloading into the we necessary abdominal certainly those forearm blood vessels and do a few months before the start of hemodialysis. of membrane filter coefficientultrafiltracijski and composition of the dialysis solution. have presented his required training), education), method in advantage of at home, loading liquid and 4x a

to incorporate into the body cavity catheter. ThenI perform dialysis patient (the postcavity to separate the day usually. Some access is difficult and authors prefer this

patients where vascular this

who are able todo themselves (capable of education, the space at home, ...). The method depends on ostatnoj kvaliteti diuresis and peritoneal membrane.

2. 1. Possible complications
In addition to replacement of renal function by dialysis treatment is carried out and the manycomplications that are common, serious complication and one worsens the other. These are anemia, hypertension, disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, dyslipidemia,heart failure and so on.

3. CONCLUSION
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How we are ready to take it for yourself will depend on how much it will be "young" our heart.