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PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced


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1248








PROBLEM 8.61
A 10 wedge is forced under an 80-kg cylinder as shown. Knowing that
the coefficient of static friction between the cylinder and the vertical wall
is 0.30, determine the smallest coefficient of static friction between the
wedge and the cylinder for which shipping can be impending at B.


SOLUTION
FBD Cylinder:







( )( )
2
80 kg 9.81 m/s 784.8 N W = =
For impending slip at B, 0.30
B sB B B
F N N = =

( ) ( )( ) 0: cos30 1 sin30 0.30
A B B
M r N r N = +


sin30 0 r W =


1.20185 943.21 N
B
N W = =


0.30 0.36055
B B
F N W = =


( ) 0: 0, 0.36055
G A B A B
M r F F F F W = = = =

0: sin30 cos30 0
x A A B
F N F N = + =


( ) 0.36055 cos30 1.20185
sin30
A
W W
N
+
=



1.77920
A
N W =

For minimum ,
A
slip impends at A, so

min
0.36055
0.2026
1.77920
A
A
A
F W
N W
= = =

min
0.203
A
= t
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
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1249
PROBLEM 8.62
Bags of grass seed are stored on a wooden plank as shown. To move
the plank, a 9 wedge is driven under end A. Knowing that the weight
of the grass seed can be represented by the distributed load shown and
that the coefficient of static friction is 0.45 between all surfaces of
contact, (a) determine the force P for which motion of the wedge is
impending, (b) indicate whether the plank will slide on the floor.
SOLUTION
FBD plank + wedge:


( ) ( )( )( ) 0:
.6 m
.45 m 48 N/m .9 m
A B
M N

( ) ( )( )
1
2

( )( )
1
96 0
, ] j \
+
, ( , ]
( ,
]
55.5 N
B
N
( )
48 96
0:
2
y W
F N
+ j \
+
, (
( ,
( )( )
1
96 0
2
+
62.7 N
W
N
Since ,
W B
N N > and all
s
are equal, assume slip impends at B and between wedge and floor, and not at A.
Then ( ) 0.45 28.2 N
W s W
F N
( ) 0.45 25 N
B s B
F N
0: 0, 53.2 N
x
F P P
Check Wedge for assumption
0: cos 0
y A
F R
0: sin 0
x A
F R
so tan tan9
s

25
< +
so no slip here
(a) P t
(b) impending slip at B t
2.8 m
48 N/m .9 m

.9 .5 m
2
N/m 1.5 m
55.5 N N/m .9 m
N/m 1.5 m
62.7 N
55.5 N
28.2 N 25 N
62.7 N
53.2 N 28.2 N
62.7
.3987
53.2 N
48 N/m
0.9 m
96 N/m
1.5 m
62.7 N
53.2 N
28.2 N
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
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1250
PROBLEM 8.63
Solve Prob. 8.62 assuming that the wedge is driven under the plank at B
instead of at A.
Problem 8.62: Bags of grass seed are stored on a wooden plank as
shown. To move the plank, a 9 wedge is driven under end A. Knowing
that the weight of the grass seed can be represented by the distributed
load shown and that the coefficient of static friction is 0.45 between all
surfaces of contact, (a) determine the force P for which motion of the
wedge is impending, (b) indicate whether the plank will slide on the floor.
SOLUTION
FBD plank + wedge:


( ) ( )( )( ) 0: 48
A B
M N =

( ) ( )( )
1
48
2

( )( ) 96 0 =
W
N =
( )
48 96
0:
2
y A
F N
+
= +


( )( )
1
96 0
2
=
A
N =
Since ,
A W
N N > and all
s
are equal, assume impending slip at top and bottom of wedge and not at A. Then
( ) 0.45 55.5 N
W s W
F N = =
25 N
W
F =
FBD Wedge:
( )
1 1
tan tan 0.45 24.228
s s


= = =
( ) 0: 55.5 N cos 24.228 9 0
y B
F R = + =
66.3 N
B
R =
( ) 0: sin33.228 0
x
F P = + =
61.3 N P =
Check assumption using plank/wedge FBD
0: 0, 36.3 N
x A W A
F F F P F = + = = =
( )
max
0.45 28.2 N
A s A
F N = = =
max
,
A A
F F < OK
(a) 61.3 N = P t
(b) no impending slip at A t
2.4 m .45 m N/m .9 m
.6 m N/m .9 m
N/m 1.5 m [(.9 + .5)m]
55.5 N
55.5 N N/m .9 m
N/m 1.5 m
62.7 N
66.3 N 25 N
61.3 N 25 N
62.7 N
48 N/m
0.9 m
96 N/m
1.5 m
55.5 N
25 N
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
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1251







PROBLEM 8.64
The 10-kg block A is at rest against the 50-kg block B as shown. The
coefficient of static friction
s
is the same between blocks A and B and
between block B and the floor, while friction between block A and the
wall can be neglected. Knowing that 150 N, P = determine the value of
s
for which motion is impending.


SOLUTION
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
10 kg 9.81 m/s 98.1 N, 50 kg 9.81 m/s 490.5 N
A B
W W = = = =
Slip must impend at all surfaces simultaneously,
s
F N =
FBD I: A + B


0: 150 N 98.1 N 490.5 N 0, 738.6 N
y B B
F N N = = =

impending slip:
( ) 738.6 N
B s B s
F N = =
( ) 0: 0, 738.6 N
x A B A s
F N F N = = =




FBD II: A ( ) ( ) 0: 738.6 N sin20 150 N + 98.1 N cos20 0
y AB s
F F

= + =

( ) 233.14 252.62 N
AB s
F =


( ) ( ) 0: 738.6 N cos20 150 N + 98.1 N sin20 0
x s AB
F N

= =

( ) 84.855 694.06 N
AB s
N = +



233.14 252.62
84.855 694.06
AB s
s
AB s
F
N

= =
+


2
0.48623 0.33591 0
s s
= =
0.24312 0.62850
s
=
Positive root 0.385
s
= t
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
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1252








PROBLEM 8.65
Solve Prob. 8.64 assuming that
s
is the coefficient of static friction
between all surfaces of contact.
Problem 8.64: The 10-kg block A is at rest against the 50-kg block B as
shown. The coefficient of static friction
s
is the same between blocks A
and B and between block B and the floor, while friction between block A
and the wall can be neglected. Knowing that 150 N, P = determine the
value of
s
for which motion is impending.

SOLUTION
( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
10 kg 9.81 m/s 98.1 N, 50 kg 9.81 m/s 490.5 N
A B
W W = = = =
Slip impends at all surfaces simultaneously
FBD I: A + B
0: 0,
x A B A B s B
F N F N F N = = = = (1)
( ) 0: 150 N + 98.1 N + 490.5 N 0
y A B
F F N = + =

738.6 N
s A B
N N + = (2)
Solving (1) and (2)
2 2
738.6 N 738.6
, N
1 1
s
B B
s s
N F


= =
+ +

FBD II: B ( ) 0: 490.5 N cos70 cos70 sin70 0
x AB B B
F N N F

= + =
( ) ( )
2
738.6 N
cos70 sin70 490.5 N cos70
1
AB s
s
N

= +
+
(1)

( ) 0: 490.5 N sin70 sin70 cos70 0
y AB B B
F F N F

= + =


( ) ( )
2
738.6 N
sin70 cos70 490.5 N sin70 0
1
AB s
s
F

= =
+


Setting ,
AB s AB
F N =


3 2
6.8847 2.0116 1.38970 0
s s s
+ =

Solving numerically,
0.586, 0.332, 7.14
s
=

Physically meaningful solution:
0.332
s
= t


PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
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1253




PROBLEM 8.66
Derive the following formulas relating the load W and the force P
exerted on the handle of the jack discussed in Section 8.6.
(a) P = ( ) ( ) / tan ,
s
Wr a + to raise the load; (b) ( ) ( ) / tan ,
s
P Wr a =
to lower the load if the screw is self-locking; (c) ( ) ( ) / tan ,
s
P Wr a =
to hold the load if the screw is not self-locking.

SOLUTION
FBD jack handle:

See Section 8.6

0: 0
C
M aP rQ = = or
r
P Q
a
=
FBD block on incline:
(a) Raising load

( ) tan
s
Q W = +
( ) tan
s
r
P W
a
= + t
continued
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1254

PROBLEM 8.66 CONTINUED
(b) Lowering load if screw is self-locking ( i.e.: if
s
> )

( ) tan
s
Q W =
( ) tan
s
r
P W
a
= t
(c) Holding load is screw is not self-locking ( ) i.e: if
s
<

( ) tan
s
Q W =
( ) tan
s
r
P W
a
= t
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
1255








PROBLEM 8.67
The square-threaded worm gear shown has a mean radius of 1.5 in. and a
lead of 0.375 in. The larger gear is subjected to a constant clockwise
couple of 7.2 kip in. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction
between the two gears is 0.12, determine the couple that must be applied
to shaft AB to rotate the large gear counterclockwise. Neglect friction in
the bearings at A, B, and C.



SOLUTION
FBD large gear:



( ) 0: 12 in. 7.2 kip in. 0, 0.600 kips
C
M W W = = =

600 lb =


Block on incline:

( )
1
0.375 in.
tan 2.2785
2 1.5 in.

= =

1 1
tan tan 0.12 6.8428
s s


= = =
( ) tan
s
Q W = +
( ) 600 lb tan9.1213 96.333 lb = =
FBD worm gear:

1.5 in. r =


( )( ) 0: 1.5 in. 96.333 lb 0
B
M M = =


144.5 lb in. M = t


The square-threaded worm gear shown has a mean radius of 0.0381 m
and a lead of 0.009 m. The larger gear is subjected to a constant clock-
wise couple of 7.2 kN
.
m. Knowing that the coefcient of static friction
between the two gears is 0.12, determine the couple that must be applied
to shaft AB to rotate the large gear counterclockwise. Neglect friction in
the bearings at A, B, and C.
(0.3 m) kN
.
m = 0, = 24 kN
0.009 m
2p (0.0381)
= 2.153
(24 kN)tan 8.9958 = 3.8 kN
(0.0381)(3.8 kN)
M = 0.145 kN
.
m
kN
.
m
0.3 m
0.009 m
2p(0.0381m)
r = 0.0381 m
3.8 kN
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
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1256








PROBLEM 8.68
In Prob. 8.67, determine the couple that must be applied to shaft AB to
rotate the gear clockwise.
Problem 8.67: The square-threaded worm gear shown has a mean radius
of 1.5 in. and a lead of 0.375 in. The larger gear is subjected to a constant
clockwise couple of 7.2 kip in. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction between the two gears is 0.12, determine the couple that must be
applied to shaft AB to rotate the large gear counterclockwise. Neglect
friction in the bearings at A, B, and C.


SOLUTION
FBD large gear:



( ) 0: 12 in. 7.2 kip in. 0
C
M W = =

0.600 kips 600 lb W = =


Block on incline:

( )
1
0.375 in.
tan 2.2785
2 1.5 in.

= =

1 1
tan tan 0.12 6.8428
s s


= = =
( ) tan
s
Q W =
( ) 600 lb tan4.5643 47.898 lb = =
FBD worm gear:

1.5 in. r =


( )( ) 0: 1.5 in. 47.898 lb 0
B
M M = =


71.8 lb in. M = t
(0.3 m) kN
.
m = 0,
= 24 kN
0.009 m
2p (0.0381)
= 2.153
(24 kN)tan 4.6898 = 1.97 kN
(0.0381 m)(1.97 kN) = 0
M = 0.075 kN
.
m
kN
.
m
0.3 m
1.97 kN
Problem 8.67: The square-threaded worm gear shown has a mean radius
of 0.0381 m and a lead of 0.009 m. The larger gear is subjected to a
constantclockwise couple of 7.2 kN
.
m. Knowing that the coefficient of
static friction between the two gears is 0.12, determine the couple that
must be applied to shaft AB to rotate the large gear counterclockwise.
Neglect friction in the bearings at A, B, and C.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
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1257








PROBLEM 8.69
High-strength bolts are used in the construction of many steel structures.
For a 1-in.-nominal-diameter bolt the required minimum bolt tension is
47.25 kips, Assuming the coefficient of friction to be 0.35, determine the
required couple that should be applied to the bolt and nut. The mean
diameter of the thread is 0.94 in., and the lead is 0.125 in. Neglect friction
between the nut and washer, and assume the bolt to be square-threaded.


SOLUTION
Block/incline analysis:


1
0.125 in.
tan 2.4238
2.9531 in.


= =
( )
1
tan 0.35 19.2900
s


= =


( ) 47250tan 21.714 18.816 lb Q = =
( )
0.94
Couple in. 18.516 lb 8844 lb in.
2 2
d
Q

= = =




Couple 7.37 lb ft = t
High-strength bolts are used in the construction of many steel structures.
For a 0.025 m-nominal-diameter bolt the required minimum bolt tension
is 47.25 kN, Assuming the coefficient of friction to be 0.35, determine
the required couple that should be applied to the bolt and nut. The mean
diameter of the thread is 0.024m, and the lead is 0.003 m. Neglect friction
between the nut and washer, and assume the bolt to be square-threaded.
kN kN
47.25 kN
0.003 m
0.0754 m
21.5685
0.003 m
0.0754 m
= 2.2785
Couple = 224 N
.
m
47.25tan(21.5685) = 18.68 kN
0.024
2
m (18.68 kN) = 0.224 kN
.
m
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
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1258



PROBLEM 8.70
The position of the automobile jack shown is controlled by a screw ABC
that is single-threaded at each end (right-handed thread at A, left-handed
thread at C). Each thread has a pitch of 2 mm and a mean diameter of
7.5 mm. If the coefficient of static friction is 0.15, determine the
magnitude of the couple M that must be applied to raise the automobile.

SOLUTION
FBD joint D:

By symmetry:
AD CD
F F =

0: 2 sin25 4 kN 0
y AD
F F = =
4.7324 kN
AD CD
F F = =
FBD joint A:

By symmetry:
AE AD
F F =
( ) 0: 2 4.7324 kN cos25 0
x AC
F F = =
8.5780 kN
AC
F =
Block and incline A:

( )
1
2 mm
tan 4.8518
7.5 mm

= =
1 1
tan tan 0.15 8.5308
s s


= = =
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
1259

PROBLEM 8.70 CONTINUED

( ) ( ) 8.578 kN tan 13.3826 Q =
2.0408 kN =
Couple at A:
A
M rQ =
( )
7.5
mm 2.0408 kN
2

=



7.653 N m =
By symmetry: Couple at C: 7.653 N m
C
M =
( ) Total couple 2 7.653 N m M = 15.31N m M = t
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
1260




PROBLEM 8.71
For the jack of Prob. 8.70, determine the magnitude of the couple M that
must be applied to lower the automobile.
Problem 8.70: The position of the automobile jack shown is controlled
by a screw ABC that is single-threaded at each end (right-handed thread
at A, left-handed thread at C). Each thread has a pitch of 2 mm and a
mean diameter of 7.5 mm. If the coefficient of static friction is 0.15,
determine the magnitude of the couple M that must be applied to raise the
automobile.

SOLUTION
FBD joint D:

By symmetry:
AD CD
F F =

0: 2 sin25 4 kN 0
y AD
F F = =
4.7324 kN
AD CD
F F = =
FBD joint A:

By symmetry:
AE AD
F F =
( ) 0: 2 4.7324 kN cos25 0
x AC
F F = =
8.5780 kN
AC
F =
Block and incline at A:

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
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1261

PROBLEM 8.71 CONTINUED
( )
1
2 mm
tan 4.8518
7.5 mm

= =

1 1
tan tan 0.15
s s


= =
8.5308
s
=

3.679
s
=
( ) 8.5780 kN tan3.679 Q =
0.55156 kN Q =
Couple at :
A
A M Qr =
( )
7.5 mm
0.55156 kN
2

=



2.0683 N m =
By symmetry: Couple at : 2.0683 N m
C
C M =
( ) Total couple 2 2.0683 N m M = 4.14 N m M = t
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
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1262








PROBLEM 8.72
The vise shown consists of two members connected by two double-threaded
screws of mean radius 6 mm and pitch 2 mm. The lower member is
threaded at A and B ( ) 0.35 ,
s
= but the upper member is not threaded.
It is desired to apply two equal and opposite forces of 540 N on the
blocks held between the jaws. Determine (a) which screw should be
adjusted first, (b) the maximum couple applied in tightening the second
screw.


SOLUTION
FBD lower jaw:

By symmetry 540 N B =
0: 540 N 540 N 0, 1080 N
y
F A A = + = =
(a) since A > B when finished, adjust A first when there will be no force t
Block/incline at B:
(b)
1
4 mm
tan 6.0566
12 mm

= =
( )
1 1
tan tan 0.35 19.2900
s s


= = =


( ) 540 N tan25.3466 255.80 N Q = =
( )( ) Couple 6 mm 255.80 N 1535 N mm rQ = = =
1.535 N m M = t

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
1263








PROBLEM 8.73
Solve part b of Prob. 8.72 assuming that the wrong screw is adjusted first.
Problem 8.72: The vise shown consists of two members connected by two
double-threaded screws of mean radius 6 mm and pitch 2 mm. The lower
member is threaded at A and B ( ) 0.35 ,
s
= but the upper member is not
threaded. It is desired to apply two equal and opposite forces of 540 N on
the blocks held between the jaws. Determine (a) which screw should be
adjusted first, (b) the maximum couple applied in tightening the second
screw.

SOLUTION
FBD lower jaw:
By symmetry 540 N B =
0: 540 N 540 N 0, 1080 N
y
F A A = + = =
since A > B, A should be adjusted first when no force is required.
If instead, B is adjusted first,
Block/incline at A:


1
4 mm
tan 6.0566
12 mm

= =
( )
1 1
tan tan 0.35 19.2900
s s


= = =


( ) 1080 N tan25.3466 511.59 N Q = =
( )( ) Couple 6 mm 511.59 N 3069.5 N mm rQ = = =
3.07 N m M = t
Note that this is twice that required if A is adjusted first.
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
1264








PROBLEM 8.74
In the gear-pulling assembly shown, the square-threaded screw AB has a
mean radius of 0.9375 in. add a lead of 0.25 in. Knowing that the
coefficient of static friction is 0.10, determine the couple which must be
applied to the screw to produce a force of 1000 lb on the gear. Neglect
friction at end A of the screw.





SOLUTION
Block/incline:

1
0.25 in.
tan 2.4302
1.875 in.

= =
( )
1 1
tan tan 0.10 5.7106
s s


= = =



( ) ( ) 1000 lb tan 8.1408 143.048 lb Q = =
( )( ) Couple 0.9375 in. 143.048 lb 134.108 lb in. rQ = = =
134.1 lb in. M = t

PROBLEM 8.74
In the gear-pulling assembly shown, the square-threaded screw AB has a
mean radius of 0.0234 m add a lead of 0.006 m. Knowing that the
coefficient of static friction is 0.10, determine the couple which must be
applied to the screw to produce a force of 1000 N on the gear. Neglect
friction at end A of the screw.
SOLUTION
Block/incline:
1
0.006 m
tan
0.0468 m

= 2.3369 =
( )
1 1
tan tan 0.10 5.7106
s s


= = =
Q = (1000 N) tan(8.0475) = 141.4 N
Couple = rQ = (0. 0234 m) (141.4 N) = 33.09 N
.
m
M = 33.1 N m 3
1000 N
8.0475
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced
or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and
educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
1265

NOTE FOR PROBLEMS 8.758.89
Note to instructors: In this manual, the simplification sin
( )
1
tan

is NOT used in the solution of journal


bearing and axle friction problems. While this approximation may be valid for very small values of , there
is little if any reason to use it, and the error may be significant. For example, in Problems 8.768.79,
0.50,
s
= and the error made by using the approximation is about 11.8%.

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