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Regarding this list in Exam I, you are responsible to 1. Match any of the structure of functional groups to its common name or official name, and identify its presence or absence in a given molecule. 2. List the physical and chemical properties of each functional group (except heterocycles). 3. Predict the structure of metabolites related to each functional group (except heterocycles).
Alkene
Naphthalene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
Halogenated Hydrocarbon
R X
Glucuronic acid
COOH OH HO OH OH
Glucuronide
COOH OH HO OH O R
Phenol
OH
Ether Peroxide
Aldehyde
Ketone
Enol
R1 R2 OH R3
Acyl halide
Acetal
R2 R1 O H O R3
Hemiacetal
R2 R1 O H
R2 R1 O R3 O R4
Ketal
Hemiketal
R2 R1 O R3 O H
4
R1 R N+ R R2 3
Amide
Imine
Amidine
NH R NH2
Guanidine
NH H2 N NH2
Azo
R N N R1
Nitro
Ester
R1 O C O R2
Amide
O R1 N R3 R2
Lactone
O O
(CH2)n
Coumarin
O O
Lactam
O NH
(CH2)n
Carbonate
O R1 O O R2
Carbamate
O R1 O N R2 R3
O R1 N R2 N R3 R4
Urea
Imide
O R1 N R2 O R3
Thiol
R S H
Sulfide (thioether)
R S R1
R1
Disulfide
R S S
Sulfoxide
R1 S R2 O
Sulfone
R1 S R2 O O
Sulfonic acid
O R S OH O
Sulfuric acid
O HO S OH O
Sulfate
O R O S OH O
Sulfonamide
O R S NH2 O
Phosphate
R O P OH O OH
Furan
O
Tetrahydrofuran
O
Pyrrole
H N
Pyrrolidine
H N
Pyridine
N
Piperidine
H N
Hexahydroazepine
H N
Octahydroazocine
NH
Imidazole
HN N
Pyrazole
HN N
Triazole
NH N N
Tetrazole
NH N N N
Piperazine
HN NH
Pyrimidines Uracil
NH O N H O
Thymine
NH O N H O
Cytosine
N H2N N H O
Thiolane
S
Isoxazole
O N
Morpholine
O HN
Thiazole
S N
Thiadiazole
S N N
Bicycles Indole
H N
Isoindole
NH
Quinoline
N
Quinazoline 8
N N
Benzodiazepine
H N N
Benzimidazole
H N N
Benzoxazole
O N
Benzothiazole
S N
Purines Adenine
H N N NH2 N N
Guanine
H N N O NH N
O N N N NH O
NH2
Xanthine
Tricycles Phenothiazine
H N S
Acridine
N
Exam II Alkaloids Phenolics Glycosides Terpenoids Steroids Exam III Amino acids Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids
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