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Introduction to DRM (Digital Rights Management)

Whats digital content? Music, Image, Video, Books, and Games.. Motivation of DRM (Digital Rights Management) Many digital service providers sell their digital content over computer networks ( internet ) Without protection and management of digital rights, digital content can be easily copied and distributed to a large number of recipients

Authors and Organizations that store digital content need a system that prevents unauthorized access and manages content usage rights of their IP (Intellectual Property) and manages their copyright at the same time
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History of Copyright from the beginning

Before copyright there were only privileges and monopolies England - 1710, passed a law to protect authors works
prevent another person from re-producing a book and putting their name on it

France, United States followed in the 18th century Early internationalisation The Berne Convention was first established in 1886
relates to literary and artistic works, which includes films, and the convention requires its member states to provide protection for every production in the literary, scientific and artistic domain

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History of Copyright modern times

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) by United Nations.
WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world

Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

is a US copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

it criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures (commonly known as digital rights management or DRM) that control access to copyrighted works. It also criminalizes the act of circumventing an access control, whether or not there is actual infringement of copyright itself. In addition, the DMCA heightens the penalties for copyright infringement on the Internet.

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DRM system overview

Flexibility of DRM
Manage usage rights and protect for different kinds of digital content across different platforms (PCs, laptops, PDAs, mobile phones, tablets, )
Control access to content delivered on physical media or other distribution method (CD-ROMs, DVDs, flash memory)

Core concepts in DRM

The use of digital licenses Purchases a license granting certain rights

Whats a License?
a digital data file that specifies certain usage rules for the digital content Usage rule defined by a range of criteria
Frequency of access Expiration date Restriction of transfer to other devices Copy permission
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DRM system overview Supported business models

Rental Subscription Try-before-buy Pay-per-use Etc..

Digital content distribution methods

Client / server Super-distribution Digital audio / video broadcasting CDs

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Where are DRMs applied?

Typical DRMs are B2C or B2B models Video Content (package & streamed) Audio Content (package & streamed) Computer Software (professional, consumer & games etc) Electronic Publishing (eBooks, news, entertainment, business Intelligence etc.) Educational (training programmes, open learning, libraries etc)

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Typical DRM Model

Paying Royalty fees

clearinghouse
Usage rules Paying distribution Requiring license and fees

Digital license

content provider
Protected content

consumer
Protected content

distributor information money

Payment solutions already exist in Viet Nam Pay e ome Mobile Micropayment solutions s

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Security in DRM -1
General Requirement
Persistent content protection

Protection has to stay with the content, because

if the recipient can save and copy the content in an unrestricted form and put the digital copy onto the Internet, then many people in the world can download that content without reduction in quality

Essential security requirements Data protection

to protect against unauthorized interception and modification

Unique identification of recipients

to enable access control for the digital content

Effective tamper-resistant mechanism

to process protected data and enforce content usage rights

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Security in DRM -2
Simple cryptographic model Two trusted parties who own a shared secret key are exchanging encrypted information and an attacker sitting in between tries to intercept and recover the data In DRM One communication party ( consumer ) can not be trusted with a shared secret key or even unencrypted data Internet provides an open distribution channel for consumers who wish to share their digital content with their friends. It is not possible to separate honest and dishonest user Malicious user Cracker may break the security system to make a profit through selling cracked software and digital assets An attacker has a chance to break the system with unlimited time and resource
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Cryptographic mechanisms -1 Symmetric key encryption Use same key in encrypting/decrypting messages Security through obscurity
Keep encryption process and algorithm details confidential

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Cryptographic mechanisms -2
Asymmetric key encryption Usage a pair of keys public / private
Mathematically related One key can only be decrypted with the other key

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Digital Signature and Certificate

Digital signature The clearinghouse as well as the digital content provider digitally signs licenses then the player can verify the correctness of the usage right and keep the signature as a proof of right purchase Used to identify ones identity
Usually combined with one way hash function One way hash function : a function whose reverse function actually does not exist For integrity checking

Digital certificate To ensure that the packaged digital content is from the genuine authorized content distributor

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Digital Watermarking

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DAM (Digital Asset Management) for Libraries What is DAM?

A set of coordinated technologies and processes that allow the quick and efficient storage, retrieval and re-use of digital files all types of text, video, audio, and image files multimedia content, which is becoming an increasing issue for many libraries A variety of off-the-shelf solutions are now available DAM tends to be viewed as mainly an issue for librarians/ information professionals i.e. content management
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Digitalization the 1st Step Why libraries should digitize their assets?
It is part of the service mission of the library to protect the community's collective memory

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Digitalization International trend

All over the world major research libraries have started to digitize parts of their collections. France is spending 750 million Euros (21,3 trillion VND) to digitize its cultural treasures the National Library of the Netherlands is trying to digitize every Dutch book and periodical published since 1470 and Australia, Finland and Norway are undertaking their own efforts.

The most recent LRG study (US 2011) shows a strong increases in spending on DAM, Ebooks, other digital content collections and information services.
72% of libraries seeing increased demand for digital resources!

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DRM for Libraries

Managing DRM is becoming a core aspect of the librarians job since librarians are intermediaries and managers of third-party electronic content
The changing technological environment is also opening up new opportunities for librarians Librarians as institutional content managers instead of just buying in externally produced information resources and managing those, they should be at the heart of managing the institution's information resources as well Within most organisations there is no clear responsibility for managing all this digital information. Do you know exactly what information is flowing through your institution? Do you know its origin, and what rights go with it? Does anyone in the organisation know, or manage the flow?

It is high time to take action!

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Integrated e-Solutions (IeS) already has the expertise to provide:

Digital Rights Management solutions Digital Certificates & Signatures Content Management and Protection, content Transfer with encryption Understanding of Cultural Heritage value of Vietnam

to orgainzations, libraries in Viet Nam

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DATA SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS for computer systems Secure SSO login, authorization / access hierarchy on each type of application / data

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DATA SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS for computer systems Encrypted access to applications, encrypt data during the exchange, exchange of decentralization policy and intervention data, the encryption / data warehouse (on hard drives), virtual disks, shared system file

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Comprehensive solution for libraries, museums, state department for Culture, content providers to manage, collect, present and collaborate digital cultural assets in 2D, 3D. Self-design visiting scenarios, virtual reality, Google map view and much more!

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Xin chn thnh cm n!

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