Problems :_ I.H. Shames 2.

1 Add a 20 N force pointing in the positive x direction to a 50 N force at an angle 45 to the x axis in the first quadrant and directed away from the origin. Answer: In the figure forces 20N and 50N are represented in magnitude, direction and sense by OA and OB respectively.
B 50N
R

45

20N

The resultant R is represented by OC in magnitude and direction. Magnitude of Resultant (R) R = (202 + 502 + 2 20 50cos45)1/2 N= 65.68 N Direction of Resultant Vector:

= tan -1[(50sin45o)/(20+50cos45o)] =32.56o

2.2

Subtract the 20 N force from in problem 2.1 from the 50 N force.

Answer: In the figure forces 20N and 50N are represented in magnitude, direction and sense by OA and OB respectively.

C R1 50N

135

The resultant R1 is represented by OC in magnitude and direction. Magnitude of Resultant (R1) R1 = (202 + 502 + 2 20 50cos135)1/2 N= 38.545 N Direction of Resultant Vector:

= tan -1[(50sin135o)/(20+50cos135o)] = - 66.52o

2.3 Add the vectors in the xy plane. Do this first graphically, using the force polygon, and then do it analytically.
y 10N (7,5) 20N (10,2)

60 (1,1)

45 10N

Answer:

45o 10N R 20N

10N o 60

Graphical Representation Analytical Representation r r Let a = 20i N r r r b = (10 cos 60oi + 10sin 60o j ) N r r r c = (10 cos 45oi 10 cos 45o j ) N r r r r r r r r a + b + c = 20i + (10 cos 60oi + 10sin 60o j ) + (10 cos 45oi 10 cos 45o j ) N r r = (17.93i + 1.589 j ) N 2.6 Force A (given as a horizontal 10 N force) and B (vertical) add up to a force C that has a magnitude of 20 N. What is the magnitude of force B and the direction of force C? (For the simplest result, use the force polygon, which for this case is a right triangle, and perform analytical computations.)
y B C

10N x

Answer:
y C 20N 10N o 60 10N B

A x

From the triangle we can write, 10 1 cos = = = 60o 20 2 B And tan = B = 10 tan 60o N = 17.32 N A 2.10. What is the sum of the forces transmitted by the structural rods to the pin at A?
400 N A 40 500 N

Answer:
400N
R

40

500N

Using parallelogram law, R = (5002 + 4002 + 2 500 400cos40o)1/2 N= 846.4 N Direction of Resultant Vector:

= tan -1[(400sin40o)/(500+400cos40o)] =17.68o [ with horizontal ]

2.48 Given the vectors u r r r r u r r r r u r r r r A = 6i + 3 j + 10k ; B = 2i 5 j + 5k and C = 5i 2 j + 7k u r what vector D gives the following ? u u r r u u r r u r r D A = 20; D B = 5 and D i = 10 Answer: u r r r r u r r r r u r r r r A = 6i + 3 j + 10k ; B = 2i 5 j + 5k and C = 5i 2 j + 7 k u r r r r Let D = xi + y j + zk u u r r r r r r r r D A = 20 ( xi + y j + zk ) (6i + 3 j + 10k ) = 20 6 x + 3 y + 10 z = 20 (i )

u u r r r r r r r r D B = 5 ( xi + y j + zk ) (2i 5 j + 5k ) = 5 2 x 5 y + 5 z = 5 (ii ) u r r r r r r and D i = 10 ( xi + y j + zk ) i = 10 x = 10 (iii ) Solving equations (i ), (ii ) and (iii ), we get , 10 y = = 0.769 and z = 3.77 13 u r r r r D = 10i 0.769 j 3.77 k 2.52 A block A is constrained to move along a 20 incline in the yz plane. How far does the block have to move if the force F is to do 10 Nm of work?

F=10i+20j+15k A 20
y

Answer: r r r Displacement is r = (cos 20o j + sin 20ok )r N where r is the magnitude of displacement. u r r r r r r r F r = 10 (10i + 20 j + 15k ) (cos 20o j + sin 20ok )r = 10 Or , (0 + 20 cos 20o + 15sin 20o)r = 10 10 r = m = 0.418 m o 20 cos 20 + 15sin 20o Therefore required distance = 0.418 m. 2.54 A force vector of magnitude 100N has a line of action with direction cosines l = 0.7, m = 0.2, n = 0.59 relative to a reference xyz. The vector points away from the origin. What is the component of the force vector along a direction a having direction cosines l = 0.3, m = 0.1 and n = 0.95 for the xyz reference? (Hint: Whenever simply a component is asked for, it is virtually always the rectangular component that is desired.) Answer: u r r r r F = 100(li + m j + nk ) r r r r r r = 100(0.7i + 0.2 j + 0.59k ) = 70i + 20 j + 59k r r r r r r r Unit vector along a = li + m j + nk = 0.3i + 0.1 j + 0.95k

Fcos

ur u r Component of F along a is ur r u u r r F cos = F a cos = F a r r r r r r = (70i + 20 j + 59k ) (0.3i + 0.1 j + 0.95k ) N = (21 + 2 + 56.05) N = 37.05 N u r u r What are the cross and dot products for the vectors A and B given as: u r r r r u r r r r A = 6i + 3 j + 4k and B = 8i 3 j + 2k ? Answer: 2.64 u u r r r r r r r r A B = (6i + 3 j + 4k ) (8i 3 j + 2k ) r r u u r i j k r r r = 6 3 4 = 18i + 20 j 42k 8 3 2 u u r r r r r r r r A B = (6i + 3 j + 4k ) (8i 3 j + 2k ) = 48 9 + 8 = 47 r 2.68 Making use of the cross product, give the unit vector n normal to the inclined surface ABC. [OC = 10m, OB = 8m].
z
C 10m O A x 8m B 150
y

Answer: From figure we can write, < OBA = 30o and < BOA = 90o AO = OB tan 30o = 8 tan 30om = 4.618m Coordinates of the points A, B and C are A (4.618,0,0), B (0,8,0) and C (0,0,10) respectively. uu ur r r r AB = 4.618i + 8 j + 0k uu ur r r r AC = 4.618i + 0 j + 10k ur ur r r r r r r 1 uu uu 1 Area = ( AB AC ) = (4.618i + 8 j + 0k ) (4.618i + 0 j + 10k ) 2 2 r r r = (40i + 23.09 j + 18k )

Unit vector =

r r r 40i + 23.09 j + 18k (402 + 23.092 + 182 )

r r r = 0.804i + 0.464 j + 0.371k