Exercises and Tutorial Solutions: Topic 2

2. Find v1 and v2 in circuit below.

4
+ v1 -
-
+
8V
10V +
-
+ v2 -
2
Solution:

Applying KVL to the loop we get:

-10 + 4i – 8 + 2i = 0 which leads to i = 3A

v1 = 4i = 12V and v2 = -2i = –6V

3. Find the currents and voltages in the circuit below.

i1 i3
2 -> -> 4

+ v1 - + v3 -
+ i2 -
+
v2 8 3V
5V
-
- +

Solution:

2Ω i1 i3 4Ω

+ V1 - + V3 -
5V + i2
-
- + 3V
+
Loop 1 V2 Loop 2
8Ω

At the top node, i1 = i2 + i3 (1)

For loop 1 -5 + V1 + V2 = 0
or V1 = 5 - V2 (2)
 For loop 2 - V2 + V3 -3 = 0
or V3 = V2 + 3 (3)

Using (1) and Ohm’s law, we get

(V1/2) = (V2/8) + (V3/4)

and now using (2) and (3) in the above yields

[(5- V2)/2] = (V2/8) + (V2+3)/4

or V2 = 2 V

V1 = 5- V2 = 3V, V3 = 2+3 = 5V, i1 = (5-2)/2 = 1.5A,

i2 = 250 mA, i3 = 1.25A

Example (Current Division)

2. Find Rab 2 3 4

a
6 4 5
b

1 3

Solution 2Ω 3Ω
Combining the 4 ohm, 5 ohm, and 3ohm resistors in series gives 4+3+5 = 12.

But, 4 in parallel with 12 produces [4x12]/[4+12] = 48/16 = 3ohm.

Thus, Req = 1 + 2 + [6x6]/[6+6] = 6 Ω

3 Find v1, v2, i1,i2 and the power dissipated in the 12 and 40 ohm resistors.

i1 12
+ v1 -
6

+ + i2
Vs1
15V 10 v2 40
- -
 Solution
12 Ω

+ v1 - + v1 -
i1 i2
+
6Ω
+
- 40 Ω
+ +
-
4Ω v2
15V 15V
10 Ω 8Ω -

6||12 = [6x12/(6+12)] = 4 ohm and 10||40 = [10x40/(10+40)] = 8 ohm.

Using voltage division we get:

v1 = [4/(4+8)] (15) = 5 volts, v2 = [8/12] (15) = 10 volts

i1 = v1/12 = 5/12 = 416.7 mA, i2 = v2/40 = 10/40 = 250 mA

P1 = v1 i1 = 5x5/12 = 2.083 watts, P2 = v2 i2 = 10x0.25 = 2.5 watts

Tutorial2

1. Use KCL to obtain i1,i2,i3

Solution:

12 A
a
i1

8A b i3
i2 12 A

9A
c d

At node a, 8 = 12 + i1 i1 = - 4A
At node c, 9 = 8 + i2 i2 = 1A
 At node d, 9 = 12 + i3 i3 = -3A
2.

Applying KVL to each loop gives

-8 + v1 + 12 = 0 v1 = –4v
-12 - v2 + 6 = 0 v2 = –6v
10 - 6 - v3 = 0 v3 = 4v
-v4 + 8 - 10 = 0 v4 = –2v

+ 15v -
3.

– 25v + + 10v - loop + v2 -

+ + +

20v v1 v3
loop - loop -
-
For loop 1, -20 -25 +10 + v1 = 0 v1 = 35v
For loop 2, -10 +15 -v2 = 0 v2 = 5v

For loop 3, -v1 +v2 +v3 = 0 v3 = 30v

4.

+ +
+ 12V 1 v2
- - 8V + -
v1

- 3 + 2 -
v3 10V
- +

For loop 1,
8 − 12 + v2 = 0  → v2 = 4V

For loop 2,
 −v3 − 8 − 10 = 0  → v 3 = −1 8V
For loop 3,
−v1 + 12 + v3 = 0  → v1 = −6V
Thus,
v1 = −6 V , v 2 = 4V , v3 = −1 8V