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http://www.usb.org/about/faq/ans5
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USBInfo:FrequentlyAskedQuestions
USBCables,Connectors,andNetworkingwithUSB
Q1:HowlongofacablecanIusetoconnectmydevice? A1:Inpractice,theUSBspecificationlimitsthelengthofacablebetweenfullspeeddevicesto5meters (alittleunder16feet5inches).Foralowspeeddevicethelimitis3meters(9feet10inches). Q2:Whycan'tIuseacablelongerthan3or5m? A2:USB'selectricaldesigndoesn'tallowit.WhenUSBwasdesigned,adecisionwasmadetohandlethe propagationofelectromagneticfieldsonUSBdatalinesinawaythatlimitedthemaximumlengthofa USBcabletosomethingintherangeof4m.Thismethodhasanumberofadvantagesand,sinceUSBis intendedforadesktopenvironment,therangelimitationsweredeemedacceptable.Ifyou'refamiliarwith transmissionlinetheoryandwantmoredetailonthistopic,takealookattheUSBsignalssectionofthe developersFAQ. Q3:HowfarawayfromaPCcanIputaUSBdevice? A3:Withthemaximumof5hubsconnectedwith5mcablesanda5mcablegoingtoyourfullspeed device,thiswillgiveyou30mofcable(seesection7.1.19fordetails).Withalowspeeddevice,youwill beabletogetarangeupto27m,dependingonhowlongthedevice'scableis.Withastraightforward cableroute,youwillprobablybeabletoreachout25morsofromthePC. Q4:IneedtoputaUSBdeviceXdistancefrommyPC.WhatdoIdo? A4:IfXislessthan25morso(seepreviousquestion),buyabunchofhubsandconnectthemserially with5mcables.Ifyouneedtogofartherthanthat,putanotherPC,ormaybealaptop,outwhereyou needthedevicetobeandnetworkitwiththefirstPCusingsomethingthat'sintendedtobealongrange connection,suchasEthernetorRS485.IfyouneedtousenothingbutUSB,considerusingUSBbased EthernetadapterstohookthePCstogether. Q5:HowcanIconnecttwoPCstoeachotherwithUSB? A5:YouneedaspecializedUSBperipheralknownasaUSBbridge(sometimescalledaUSBtoUSB adapter)todothis.WithoutaUSBbridge,connectingaUSBportofaPCdirectlytoanotherPC'sUSB portcandamagethecomputers. Q6:YoumeanIcan'tmakeadirectcableconnectionlikeanullmodem? A6:Correct.Infact,ifyoutrythiswithanillegalAtoAUSBcable,you'llshortthetwoPCs'power suppliestogether,possiblydestroyingoneorbothmachinesorcausingafirehazard.Eventherewereno dangertothemachinesfromtheproblemwithtwopowersupplies,therestillwouldn'tbeanywaytoget thetwoPCstalkingtoeachother,sinceUSBdoesn'tsupportthatparticularkindofcommunication.A reasonablypricedsolutiontohandlethisneedistheUSBbridge. Q7:SowhydopeoplemakeAtoAcables,anyway?WhatkindsofcablesdoIneedtoconnectUSB devicestogether? A7:AnumberofcablevendorsseemtohavereachedtheconclusionthatUSBislikeaPC'sserialport, onlyfaster,soyouneedallsortsofspecialhardwaretocreatetheUSBconnectionyouneedtomake. Thisiscompletelyincorrect.Theonlykindofcablesyou'lleverneedtoconnectnormalUSBproductsare AtoBcables,AtominiBcablesorminiAtominiBcablesofvariouslengths.Somespecialkinds ofdevicesusenonstandardconnectorsandsocomewiththeirownspecialcable. Q8:WhatifIwanttonetworkawholebunchofPCstogetherwithUSB? A8:Ifyouneedtoconnectjustafewmachines,USBbridgesandahubortwowillwork.USBwasnot designedtobeaLAN,however,andtherearecertainsafetyhazardsassociatedwithtryingtouseUSB withlargenumbersofPCs.There'salsoalargeperformancepenaltycomparedtoarealLAN.Ifyou needaLAN,useatechnologyintendedtobeusedasaLAN,suchasEthernet. Q9:IsthereanywayfortwoPCstoshareaUSBprinterorsomeotherperipheral? A9:Atthemoment,thesimplestandbestsolutionisjusttoplugtheprinterintowhateverPCneedsto useit.Youcanmakethissomewhateasierbyplugginganyperipheralsyouwanttoshareintoahub,and
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USB.orgFAQ:Cables,Connectors,andNetworking
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