Active and Passive Voice

By Swara Bhaskara on May 27, 2009 17:12 36 Comments

Kalimat aktiI (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan,
sebaliknya, kalimat pasiI (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai
pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-
hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice
di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive
voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan inIormasi yang lebih penting
dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
O Active : e fertilize the soil every 6 months
O Passive: %he soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1. bject dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula
bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we` menjadi object pronoun us`.
3. Verb1

(Iertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (Iertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be is` di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada
subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice
di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata by` di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice
dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan
dan begitu pula kata by`.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perIect, Iuture, past
Iuture, dan past Iuture perIect continuous, perlu menambahkan being` di depan
verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan 'being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan
progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h - o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb
3
+ by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah is, am
atau are.
Contoh:
O Active : He meets them everyday.
O Passive : They are met by him everyday.
O Active : She waters this plant every two days.
O Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah was atau
were
Contoh:
O Active : He met them yesterday
O Passive : They were met by him yesterday
O Active : She watered this plant this morning
O Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah been
yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi has been` atau have
been`
Contoh:
O Active : He has met them
O Passive : They have been met by him
O Active : She has watered this plant Ior 5 minutes.
O Passive : This plant has been watered by her Ior 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
O Active : He had met them beIore I came.
O Passive : They had been met by him beIore I came.
O Active : She had watered this plant Ior 5 minutes when I got here
O Passive : This plant had been watered by her Ior 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
O Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
O Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
O Active : She will water this plant this aIternoon.
O Passive : This plant will be watered by her this aIternoon.
O Active : The Iarmers are going to harvest the crops next week
O Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the Iarmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah been
yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi will have been`
Contoh:
O Active : He will have met them beIore I get there tomorrow.
O Passive : They will have been met by him beIore I get there tomorrow.
O Active : She will have watered this plant beIore I get here this aIternoon.
O Passive : This plant will have been watered by her beIore I get here this aIternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah
been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi would have been`.
Contoh:
O Active : He would have met them.
O Passive : They would have been met by him.
O Active : She would have watered this plant.
O Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah (is,
am atau are) being.
Contoh:
O Active : He is meeting them now.
O Passive : They are being met by him now.
O Active : She is watering this plant now.
O Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah (was
atau were) + being.
Contoh:
O Active : He was meeting them.
O Passive : They were being met by him.
O Active : She was watering this plant.
O Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah
(has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
O Active : He has been meeting them.
O Passive : They have been being met by him.
O Active : She has been watering this plant.
O Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka be` passive voice-nya
adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
O Active : He had been meeting them.
O Passive : They had been being met by him.
O Active : She had been watering this plant.
O Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka be` passive voice-nya adalah will
be + being.
Contoh:
O Active : He will be meeting them.
O Passive : They will be being met by him.
O Active : She will be watering this plant.
O Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka be` passive voice-nya
adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
O Active : He would be meeting them.
O Passive : They would be being met by him.
O Active : She would be watering this plant.
O Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka be` passive voice-nya
adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
O Active : He will have been meeting them.
O Passive : They will have been being met by him.
O Active : She will have been watering this plant.
O Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka be` passive voice-
nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
O Active : He would be meeting them.
O Passive : They would be being met by him.
O Active : She would be watering this plant.
O Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
1. Koko`s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his Iriend right on his nose. (Hidung
Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
2. The Indonesian Iootball team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team
sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
3. These plants were watered by my sister a Iew minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini
disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
4. There is no meal leIt. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang
tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua
murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).
Congratulations - Anda telah selesai mengerjakan Practice test 5. Anda benar 8 dari 10 soal.
Pada Practice test ini, anda tergolong 'Very Good'

All the questions in the quiz along with their answers are shown below. Your answers are
bolded. The correct answers have a green background while the incorrect ones have a red
background.
1. SBY and Budiono won the general election.
O SBY and Budiono are won by the general election.
O The general election is won by SBY and Budiono.
O The general election was won by SBY and Budiono. betul
O The general election were won by SBY and Budiono.
Kalimat aktiI ini menggunakan simple past tense, so kalimat pasiInya juga harus dalam
simple past tense. bject dari kalimat aktiI ini adalah "The general election", sehingga
menjadi subject dari kalimat pasiI Karena "The general election" adalah singular subject
(dapat digantikan dengan pronoun it), maka dalam simple past tense, to be yang tepat
mengikutinya adalah "was". Bentuk (verb2) dan verb3 untuk kata kerja "win" adalah sama,
yaitu won. leh karena itu, opsi 3 yang benar. psi 1 dan 2 salah karena digunakannya to be
"are" dan "is" (to be untuk present tense). psi 4 salah karena digunakannya to be "were"
(Note: "were" tidak pernah digunakan untuk mengikuti singular subject, kecuali dalam
kalimat pengandaian (Unreal conditional).
2. Robby will buy John a new cloth.
O John will be bought by Robby a new cloth.
O John would be bought a new cloth by Robby.
O A new cloth will be bought by Robby Ior John. betul
O A new cloth will be bought by John Ior Robby.
Jika kalimat aktiI mengandung indirect object (pelengkap langsung) dan direct object
(pelengkap tidak langsung), maka yang digunakan sebagai subject dari kalimat pasiInya
adalah direct object. Direct object dari kalimat aktiI ini adalah "a new cloth", and that's why
digunakan sebagai subject dari kalimat pasiInya. Kalimat aktiI ini menggunakan simple
Iuture tense (menggunakan verb prhase: will verb1). Dalam kalimat pasiI, verb phrase ini
hanya berubah sedikit menjadi will be verb3. leh karena itu, bentuk kalimat pasiI yang
benar adalah opsi 3. Dan, karena kita menempatkan indirect object setelah direct object, kita
membutuhkan preposition dan dalam kalimat ini preposition yang tepat digunakan adalah Ior.
Ketiga opsi lainnya salah karena tidak sesuai dengan yang telah dipaparkan tadi.
Kesalahannya juga akan tampak jelas jika kita terjemahkan tiap opsi satu per satu: Kalimat
aktiI: Robby akan membelikan John sebuah baju baru. Atau: Robby akan membeli sebuah
baju baru untuk John. Kalimat pasiI: 1. John akan dibeli oleh Robby sebuah baju baru. 2.
John akan dibeli sebuah baju baru oleh Robby. (maknanya sama dengan opsi 1, hanya letak
objectnya diputar). 3. Sebuah baju baru akan dibeli oleh Robby untuk John. 4. Sebuah baju
baru akan dibeli oleh John untuk Robby.
3. Some students are going to arrange a reunion party at school next month.
O A reunion party are going to arrange by some students at school next month.
O A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month.
O A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month.
O A reunion party is going to be arranged by some students at school next month. betul
Kalimat ini juga menggunakan simple Iuture tense, tetapi menggunakan pola "to be going
to", dan pola kalimat pasiInya adalah: S to be going to be verb3 by object... A reunion
party adalah singular subject, so to be yang tepat mengikutinya adalah "is". Bentuk verb3
untuk verb "arrange" adalah "arranged", and that's why opsi 4 yang benar.
4. Neither James nor Jenny has been told yet.
O James has told Jenny already.
O Jenny has told James already.
O Nobody has told James and Jenny. betul
O They have told either James or Jenny.
Keempat opsi telah menggunakan pola bahasa Inggris yang benar. Untuk mencari tahu mana
yang benar, kita harus paham makna dari masing-masing kalimat. Kalimat pasiI : Baik James
maupun Jenny belum diberitahu. Kalimat aktiI: 1. James telah memberitahu Jenny. 2. Jenny
telah memberitahu James. 3. Belum ada orang yang telah memberitahu James dan Jenny. 4.
Mereka telah memberitahu baik James maupun Jenny.
5. My book was stolen.
O Someone stole my book. betul
O Someone has stolen my book
O Someone have stolen my book.
O Someone was stealing my book
Kalimat pasiI ini menggunakan simple past tense, so pola untuk kalimat aktiInya adalah: S
verb2 . psi 2 dan 3 salah karena menggunakan present perIect tense (dan karena
digunakannya "have" pada opsi 3), sedangkan opsi 4 salah karena menggunakan past
continuous tense.
6. My Iather enlarged and repainted the house.
O The house is enlarged by my Iather and repainted.
O The house was enlarged and repainted by my Iather. betul
O The house was being enlarged and repainted by my Iather.
O The house was to enlarge and repaint by my Iather.
Kalimat aktiI ini menggunakan simple past tense, kebalikan dari soal no. 5.
7. My Iriend is reading a book in the classroom.
O A book is read by my Iriend in the classroom.
O A book is readed by my Iriend in the classroom.
O A book is be reading by my Iriend in the classroom.
O A book is being read by my Iriend in the classroom. betul
Kalimat ini menggunakan present continuous tense, dan pola kalimat pasiInya adalah S
is/am/are being verb3 by . psi 1 salah karena menggunakan simple present tense
(makna continuous atau makna SEDANG menjadi hilang). psi 2 sama dengan opsi 1, plus
digunakannya kata readed (tidak ada dalam kosa kata bahasa Inggris), dan opsi 3 salah karena
"is be verb-ing" (pola ini tidak ada dalam bahasa Inggris).
8. Cristiano Ronaldo scored the winning goal.
O The goal is won by Cristiano Ronaldo scored
O The goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.
O The winning goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.
O The winning goal was scored by Cristiano Ronaldo. betul
Kalimat aktiI ini menggunakan simple past tense, so pola kalimat pasiInya adalah S
was/were verb3 by .
9. AIter class, one oI the students always erases the whiteboard.
O AIter class, the whiteboard is always erased by one oI the students. betul
O AIter class, the whiteboard are always erased by one oI the students.
O AIter class, the whiteboard is always being erased by one oI the students.
O AIter class, the whiteboard always is erased by one oI the students.
Kalimat aktiI ini menggunakan simple present tense, so pola kalimat pasiInya adalah S
is/am/are verb3 by . Karena subject kalimat pasiInya adalah the whiteboard (singular
subject) maka tobe yang tepat mengikutinya adalah is. Dan khusus untuk opsi 4, salah karena
adverb oI Irequency "always" ditempatkan sebelum to be.
10. I am happy now.
O Happy is now by me.
O Happiness is by me now.
O The happiness is now by me.
O None oI the above options are correct. betul
Tidak ada bentuk pasiI jika kalimatnya tidak menggunakan kata kerja.

Passive Voice
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Kalimat aktiI merupakan kalimat yang subjek kalimatnya adalah pelaku sebuah tindakan,
sedangkan kalimat pasiI adalah kalimat yang subjeknya bukan pelaku suatu tindakan. Si
subjek adalah si penerima akibat dari sebuah tindakan.

Bandingkan kalimat-kalimat berikut:
O AktiI : Susi mengetik surat ini kemarin
O PasiI : Surat ini diketik oleh Susi kemarin
O AktiI : Kucingku membunuh seekor tikus
O PasiI : Seekor tikus dibunuh oleh kucingku
Catatan:
Gunakan bentuk pasiI jika pelaku tindakan tidak begitu penting.

Contoh:
O Menara ini dibangun tahun 1955
Kalau kita perlu menyebut siapa pelaku suatu tindakan, gunakan kata oleh (by)

Contoh:
O Menara ini telah dibangun oleh Pemerintah Daerah pada tahun 1955
Rumus umum untuk membentuk suatu kalimat PasiI
O AktiI : S Verb (Kata Kerja) bjek dll
O PasiI : bjek to be Verb 3 (Kata Kerja Bentuk III) ( by subjek) dll
%o be yang digunakan
1. Present : is, am, are
2. Past : was, were
3. PerIect : been (di depan have, has, atau had)
4. Future : be (setelah modals)
5. Continuous : being (di depan salah satu dari 7 to be di atas)
al-hal yang perlu diketahui dan diingat
1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kalimat dalam bentuk pasiI, tenses tidak berubah. Tenses
harus sama dengan kalau kita menyatakannya dalam bentuk aktiI. Yang berubah
hanya kata kerja-nya.
2. Kata kerja yang tidak memiliki objek (Kata Kerja IntransitiI) tidak dapat diubah
menjadi kalimat pasiI, seperti, menangis, mendidih, terbit, dll.
Contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif
1. Jack sings a song (active)
2. A song is sung by Jack (Passive)
1. Jack sang a song yesterday (active)
2. A song was sung by Jack yesterday (passive)
1. Jack has sung a song (active)
2. A song has been sung by Jack (passive)
1. Jack will sing a song (active)
2. A song will be sung by Jack (passive)
1. Jack is singing a song (active)
2. A song is being sung by Jack (passive)
1. Jack can sing a song (active)
2. A song can be sung by Jack (passive)
eberapa entuk Kalimat Passive

1) Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus:

Let + objek + be + Kata Kerja entuk III
O Help the poor (active)
O et the poor be helped (passive)
) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time

Rumus:

It is/was time for + objek + to be + kata kerja III
O It is time to send the letter (active)
O It is time Ior the letter to be sent (passive)
3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus:

Subjek + be + Kata kerja III + not to + infinitive

(kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested)
O Dont wait Ior me (active)
O You are advised not to wait Ior me (passive)
) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception

Rumus

Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + kata kerja III

(kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, Ieel)
O This Iood tastes delicious (active)
O This Iood is delicious when it is tasted (passive)
5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by that-clause

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: accept, admit, agree, assume, believe, decide, expect, Iind
out, intend, plan, point out, presume, prove, regret, report, say, think, understand.
O e regretted that the principal had to resign Irom oIIice (active)
O It was regretted that the principal had to resign Irom oIIice (passive)
) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements
O I consider her very pretty (active)
O She is considered very pretty (passive)
7) Passive Sentence with two objects
O He gave me a book (active)
O A book was given to me by him (passive 1)
O I was given a book by him (passive 2)
8) Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs
O The teacher enjoyed teaching the students (active)
O The students enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)
) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence

Dalam kalimat pasiI, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang panjang, sebaiknya subjek tersebut
ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by.
O e were all surprised by her sudden announcement to get married
O I was conIused by his plan to stop the ongoing project and begin a new one.
10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: require, deserve, need
O This wall needs to be painted (sama dengan)
O This wall needs painting.