QoS

Featuring Mike O’Malley, Tellabs Director of External Marketing

The goal of QoS is to provide guarantees on the ability of a network to deliver
predictable results. Elements of network performance within the scope of QoS
often include availability (uptime), bandwidth (throughput) and latency (delay).
?
In what type of application is
Quality of Service very important?
This session covers everything from the basic building blocks of QoS to its
importance in high bandwidth applications such as IPTV, Video on Demand A. Business Ethernet services
(VoD) and Business Ethernet services.
B. IPTV
> To download podcasts, visit www.inspirethenewlife.com C . Mobile Backhaul
Answer is A’ B & C

Additional References

Tellabs Emerge Magazine Article Reprints

Carrier Ethernet 101
www.tellabs.com/news/reprints/emerge_fall07_carrier101_reprint.pdf

Telecom Italia - Converging on Italy

www.tellabs.com/news/reprints/emerge_spring07_telecomitalia-reprint.pdf

Telstra Pursues and Converged Core Network

www.tellabs.com/news/reprints/emerge_winter06-07_telstra-reprint.pdf

The Long Road to 4G

www.tellabs.com/news/reprints/emerge_winter07_4G_reprint.pdf

Migrating from TDM to Packet – The SAToP Solution

www.tellabs.com/news/reprints/emerge_spring07_satop-reprint.pdf

Money in the Bank

www.tellabs.com/news/reprints/emerge_winter07_money_reprint.pdf

One Tellabs Center • 1415 West Diehl Road • Naperville, IL 60563 • 630 798 8800 • www.tellabs.com
Statements herein may contain projections or other forward-looking statements regarding future events, products, features, technology and resulting commercial or technological benefits and advantages. These statements are for discussion
purposes only, are subject to change and are not to be construed as instructions, product specifications, guarantees or warranties. Actual results may differ materially. The following trademarks and service marks are owned by Tellabs Operations,
Inc., or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries: TELLABS®, TELLABS and T symbol®, and T symbol®. Any other company or product names may be trademarks of their respective companies. © 2008 Tellabs. All rights reserved.
 CoS versus QoS

White Papers
Quality of Service in the Tellabs® 8600
Managed Edge System
Best Effort www.tellabs.com/papers/tlab8600qos.pdf
Normal Lanes

Quality of Service in the Wireless Backhaul

www.tellabs.com/papers/tlabqoswirelessbackhaul.pdf

Access Network QoS

Guaranteed QoS
Express Lanes www.tellabs.com/papers/tlabaccessnetqos.pdf
(High Occupancy
Vehicles Only)
Turning Packets into Profits with Intelligent QoS
www.tellabs.com/papers/tlab_packets2profits_wp.pdf

Dual Token Bucket Weighted Fair Scheduling

Peak Information Rate Committed Information Rate

EF queue gets priority Class 0 = = EF

scheduling

Scheduled First
Checks for the peak Checks for the average Weighted Scheduler
rate violation rate violation
Remaining queues
scheduled based
on weights Class 1 = = AF2

Weight = 100

YES YES Lower weight queue

will be scheduled even Class 2 = = AF1
if higher weight queue
Enough Enough has data to send Weight = 10
YES YES
Tokens? Tokens?
Incoming Packets Marked Green

Class 3 = = BE

NO NO Weight = 1
Queues

Marked Red Marked Yellow

One Tellabs Center • 1415 West Diehl Road • Naperville, IL 60563 • 630 798 8800 • www.tellabs.com
Statements herein may contain projections or other forward-looking statements regarding future events, products, features, technology and resulting commercial or technological benefits and advantages. These statements are for discussion
purposes only, are subject to change and are not to be construed as instructions, product specifications, guarantees or warranties. Actual results may differ materially. The following trademarks and service marks are owned by Tellabs Operations,
Inc., or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries: TELLABS®, TELLABS and T symbol®, and T symbol®. Any other company or product names may be trademarks of their respective companies. © 2008 Tellabs. All rights reserved.
Podcast Transcript
QoS
Featuring Mike O’Malley, Tellabs Director of External Marketing
Monsho: What’s up? Monsho here for
another session of Get Schooled. Let’s
get this session started. Okay, here we
go.
In what type of application is quality of
service very important? Is it: (a) business
Ethernet services, (b) IPTV, or (c) mobile
backhaul?
Don’t know the answer? Don’t worry. Sit
back, relax. It’s time to get schooled.
Dave Morfas: Hi. I’m Dave Morfas, here
today with Mike O’Malley. Today’s sub-
ject: quality of service, or QoS.
Mike, I think the first thing we need to
talk about is that service providers are
changing their networks to be more IP-
and Ethernet-focused, and in so doing,
they need to make them carrier grade. So
how does QoS play into that?
Mike O’Malley: QoS is very important,
Dave, particularly in these networks,
because these networks were originally
designed to be best-effort data networks
for things like web surfing and things
like that. But now as they move forward,
they want to migrate those networks to
more higher-revenue applications, things
like wireless backhaul, IPTV, real-time
financial transactions, things like that
that really require low latency, but, very
importantly, have to make sure that all of
that data gets through. And that’s really
the importance of QoS.
Dave Morfas: One of the things I think
we need to do is differentiate between
terms. You hear the term QoS a lot and
then you see or hear the term CoS, or
Class of Service, a lot. Is there a differ-
ence, and what is it?
Mike O’Malley: Class of service, or CoS,
is really used to group different types
of traffic. So it would group together all
high-priority traffic into a gold bucket,
as an example. So it would segment gold
versus silver versus bronze. So it really
just classifies different types of traffic.
Quality of service is really more deter-
ministic, so making sure that a certain
traffic flow gets end to end across the
network.
So the example in this case would be a
highway model, where the left-hand side
is class of service-based traffic, where
that would be gold, silver or bronze,
where gold would normally get through,
let’s say, on the highway, unless there’s a
lot of congestion in this case, as opposed
to in a guaranteed QoS environment,
where that would be something like the
HoV lane, which is actually reserved for
you, so that even during peak times the
traffic is guaranteed to get through.
Dave Morfas: So what are the different
building blocks or components of QoS?
Mike O’Malley: So there are three major
components to QoS: policing, shaping and
scheduling. So let’s start with policing.
Policing, as an example, will use differ-
ent mechanisms—in this case, let’s talk
about a dual leaky bucket example, or a
dual token bucket example. And in that
case what it does is, if a certain amount
of traffic type comes in, it takes a look at
that traffic, then, and determines, based
on two leaky buckets, what should get
through.
So in that example, if I have one bucket
that’s assigned the committed informa-
tion rates, so the amount of traffic that I
have to get through each time at a mini-
mum, and then the second bucket is as-
signed the peak information rate, so the
maximum amount that a user’s allowed
to send. And what happens then is, as
packets come in, the packets go through
those leaky, those token buckets and are
looked at, and then determined, do they
meet those constraints? So if the amount
of data is less than the committed infor-
mation rate, then it’s marked green and
passes through, as an example. If it’s over
the committed information rate, but less
than the peak rate, it’s marked yellow, so
it might get through, you’re still within
line, but you’re over that committed rate,
so it’s not guaranteed. And then I move
to the peak rate token bucket, and if it’s
over that, then obviously, then it turns
red, and then it’s going to get dropped.
The second thing would be shaping. And
what shaping does is, shaping basically
takes the burstiness of traffic, when we
talk about data applications as an ex-
ample, and data applications on the web
can be very bursty for different types
of, particularly different types of high-
bandwidth applications. What it does
is, it smoothes them out, so if there’s a
lot of different traffic at one time, it kind
of mentors it along, it smoothes it down
so it comes out in a much more smooth
flow.
And then the third piece, then, is sched-
uling. And scheduling, there are multiple
different scheduling types. Strict prior-
ity scheduling, as an example, would go
through and then prioritize, let’s say, gold
before bronze before silver, right? But a
lot of router manufacturers have moved
to things like weighted fare queuing or
weighted round robin, things like that,
that would go through, and instead of
just strictly prioritizing one class above
the other or one particular service or ap-
plication above the other, would basically
set up weights for each time so that the
highest-priority traffic would always get
served and would always get through,
but at the same time those other priori-
ties wouldn’t get starved, and they would
always return to them at least based on
some minimum weighting.
So we’ve already talked about all of the
different QoS mechanisms and the data
plane and the router itself to handle the
data traffic. But we should also mention
mechanisms in the control plane, and in
that case a great example of that is CAC,
or Connection Admission Control. And
that’s a system that’s used to guarantee
end-to-end bandwidth.
In MPLS, a great example of that is
RSVP-TE, and in that case, what that
protocol does is, that sends a message
end to end across a particular LSP or providers have, ATM and frame custom- Particularly in the data space, though, we
across a particular link to make sure that ers that they want to move to faster and have a lot of very extensive QoS imple-
bandwidth is available from end to end, cheaper Ethernet links, and they need mentations with our 8800 and 8600
and then each individual router responds quality of service to make sure that they platforms, specifically for things like busi-
back, “Yes, I have bandwidth; yes, I have can guarantee the same type of through- ness Ethernet, again, delivering the reli-
bandwidth; yes, I have bandwidth.” If all put and get the service level agreements ability for guaranteed Ethernet services,
of the routers respond yes, then that link that they’re looking for. or in the case of the 8600, for wireless
is set up and then data can be passed backhaul to provide over Ethernet, Ether-
And then the third example, then, would
through end to end. net pseudowires with the QoS to handle
be mobile backhaul, where, again, now,
voice and video multimedia traffic for 3G
Dave Morfas: Mike, in what type of ap- in the case of entertainment services,
services, as well as things like IPTV. So
plications is QoS really important? just like IPTV, carriers want to get into
QoS becomes important across really the
delivering those same services over mo-
Mike O’Malley: QoS is very important, entire portfolio, but particularly across
bile, whether it’s mobile video or mobile
Dave, in a lot of different applications, the data products, as a way that Tellabs
gaming, on top of handling just voice.
particularly any time that there’s real- is differentiating itself.
And today those have been handled over
time or very sensitive information being
the TDM network, and moving forward Monsho: Are you done? Now, you know
passed. So three great examples of
they’d like to move that to the Ethernet that was not hard.
that would be IPTV, business Ethernet
network. So, again, there’s a need to have
services or mobile backhaul 3G mobile The correct answer is (a), (b) and (c).
quality of service over that Ethernet.
data services. Let’s look at IPTV first, as Huh, today’s you’re lucky day.
an example. Dave Morfas: How does Tellabs, then,
If you missed the answer, you can down-
address QoS in our product portfolio?
Traditionally television has been deliv- load a cheat sheet at inspirethenewlife.
ered over analog video services, but now Mike O’Malley: Dave, QoS is very impor- com.
moving to IPTV, where everything’s pack- tant across all of our products. Tellabs is
And remember, if you missed a ques-
etized, now all of those individual video known as a company that delivers a high
tion where all the answers are right, you
packets need to arrive on time, they amount of reliability across our entire
should probably come back tomorrow
need to be in the right order and shaped product portfolio, and therefore QoS is
and do another quiz with me. I’ll be
correctly, and so it becomes important very important across the entire range.
waitin​g.
there. We’ve been doing a lot of work with the
Metro Ethernet Forum; as an example,
The second piece is from a business
MEF-14 designed around QoS and traffic
Ethernet perspective. In the case of busi-
management. So QoS is very important
ness Ethernet, customers have, or service
across all our products.

One Tellabs Center • 1415 West Diehl Road • Naperville, IL 60563 • 630 798 8800 • www.tellabs.com
Statements herein may contain projections or other forward-looking statements regarding future events, products, features, technology and resulting commercial or technological benefits and advantages. These statements are for discussion
purposes only, are subject to change and are not to be construed as instructions, product specifications, guarantees or warranties. Actual results may differ materially. The following trademarks and service marks are owned by Tellabs Operations,
Inc., or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries: TELLABS®, TELLABS and T symbol®, and T symbol®. Any other company or product names may be trademarks of their respective companies. © 2008 Tellabs. All rights reserved.