VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS

admit anticipate appreciate avoid can't help can't see complete consider defend delay deny despise discuss dislike don't mind enjoy imagine involve mention mind miss postpone practice recall recollect recommend report resent resist risk suggest tolerate understand finish quit
/dmt/ /ntspet/ /priiet/ /vd/ /knt help/ /knt si/ /kmplit/ /knsd(r)/ /dfend/ /dle/ /dna/ /dspaz/ /dsks/ /dslak/ /dnt mand/ /nd/ /mdn/ /nvlv/ /menn/ /mand/ /ms/ /pspn/ /prkts/ /rkl/ /reklekt/ /rekmend/ /rpt/ /rzent /rzst/ /rsk/ /sdest/ /tlret/ /ndstnd/ /fn/ /kwt/

He admitted cheating on the test. I anticipated arriving late. I appreciated her helping me. He avoided talking to her. He can't help talking so loudly. I can't see paying so much money for a car. He completed renovating the house. She considered moving to New York. The lawyer defended her making such statements. He delayed doing his taxes. He denied committing the crime. She despises waking up early. We discussed working at the company. She dislikes working after 5 PM. I don't mind helping you. We enjoy hiking. He imagines working there one day. The job involves traveling to Japan once a month. He mentioned going to that college. Do you mind waiting here for a few minutes? She misses living near the beach. He postponed returning to Paris. She practiced singing the song. Tom recalled using his credit card at the store. She recollected living in Kenya. Tony recommended taking the train. He reported her stealing the money. Nick resented Debbie's being there. He resisted asking for help. He risked being caught. They suggested staying at the hotel. I tolerated her talking. I understand his quitting. He finished doing his homework. She quit worrying about the problem.

Verbs followed by a gerund or a noun + an infinitive advise allow encourage permit require urge
/dvaz/ /la/ /nkrd/ /pmt/ /rkwa(r)/ /rd/

The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk. Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars. He encourages eating healthy foods. California does not permit smoking in restaurants. The certificate requires completing two courses. They urge recycling bottles and paper.

VERBS FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES

agree appear arrange care claim decide demand deserve fail get (be allowed to) happen hesitate hope intend learn manage offer plan pretend refuse seem swear tend vow wait yearn /ri/ /p(r)/ /rend/ /ke(r)/ /klem/ /dsad/ /dmnd/ /dzv/ /fel/ /et/ /bi lad tu:/ /hpn/ /heztet/ /hp/ /ntend/ /lrn / /mnd/ /f(r)/ /pln/ /prtend/ /rfjuz/ /sim/ /swe(r)/ /tend/ /va/ /wet/ /jrn / Tom agreed to help me. His health appeared to be better. Naomi arranged to stay with her cousin in Miami. He doesn't care to participate in the activity. She claimed to be a princess. We decided to go to Hawaii. He demanded to speak to Mr. Harris. He deserves to go to jail. He failed to get enough money to pay for the new project. Debbie gets to go to the concert next week! Why can't I? She happened to be at the bank when it was robbed. She hesitated to tell me the problem. I hope to begin college this year. We intend to visit you next spring. I learned to speak Japanese when I was a kid. He managed to open the door without the key. Frank offered to drive us to the supermarket. We plan to go to Europe this summer. The child pretended to be a monster. The guard refused to let them enter the building. Nancy seemed to be disappointed. She swore to tell the truth. He tends to be a little shy. He vowed to get revenge. She waited to buy a movie ticket. Melanie yearns to travel somewhere exotic.

verb followed by an infinitive or an optional noun + an infinitive She asked to leave. ask /sk/ She asked me to leave. I chose to help. choose /tuz/ They chose him to teach them. expect /kspekt/ They expect to arrive early. prepare /prpe(r)/ They prepared to take the test. promise /prms/ She promised to stop smoking. threaten /retn/ He threatened to leave forever. want /wnt/ I want to study Spanish. wish /w/ I wish to stay. We would like to start now. (meaning "wish" or would like /wd lak/ "want")

VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND OR AN INFINITIVE (WITH DIFFERENCE MEANING)

begin

/bn/

Con gerundio o con infinitivo, con tiempos no progresivos: I began learning English = He began to learn English. Infinitivo, con tiempos progresivos: He is beginning to talk. Con gerundio, en general: She dreads getting up at 5 AM. She dreaded taking the test. Con infinitivo, con los verbos THINK, CONSIDER, con la idea de no querer pensar algo). I dread to think what might happen (=did not want to think) He dreaded to consider of the consequences of his action. Con gerundio, cuando significa olvidar haber hecho algo. She forgot taking the jacket. I forgot giving you my book. Con infinitivo, cuando significa olvidar que necesitabas hacer algo She forgot to finish her homework yesterday. I forgot to lock the door when I left. Normalmente, se usa con gerundio, y significa que continas haciendo una accin. She kept interrupting me. She kept talking. Tambin se puede usar con un OD + Infinitivo, con el significado de para, con el propsito de. The attackers kept hostages to prevent the police from entering. Generalmente, se usa con infinitivo o con OD + Infinitivo. I need to study. She needs to call her mum = She need her to call her mum. Cuando se usa con gerundio, implica un significado pasivo (necesita ser). The room needs cleaning. My daughter needs taking care. Normalmente, con gerundio.

dread

/dred/

forget

/fet/

keep

/kip/

need

/nid/

regret

/rret/

 She regretted saying that. I regretted being late to the interview.

Se usa con infinitivo, con verbos como INFORM, con el significado de desear no tener que dar (malas noticias). I regret to inform you that your application was rejected. We regret to inform you that your position at the company is being eliminated. Con gerundio, significa recordar que has hecho algo. I remember mentioning the meeting yesterday. I remember telling her the address this morning. Con infinitivo, significa recordar que necesitas hacer algo. Did you remember to lock the door when you left? He remembered to turn off the lights before he went out. En tiempos no continuos, se puede usar tanto gerundio como infinitivo. She started talking really fast = She started to talk really fast. He started studying harder = He started to study harder. Con tiempos continuos, se usa el infinitivo. Its starting to rain very soon this year. En otras situaciones, usar un infinitivo significa que no completaste o continuaste una accin. He started to dance two years ago, but he finally gave it up. Se usa normalmente con gerundio. She stopped working at 5 o'clock. He stopped smoking for health reasons. Cuando se usa con infinitivo, lleva el significado de para, con el propsito de. He stopped to rest for a few minutes. We stopped to see that beautiful view. Con gerundio, significa intentar o experimentar con diferentes mtodos para ver si algo funciona. Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip. She can't find a job. She tried looking in the paper, but there was nothing. She tried

remember

/rmemb(r)/

start

/stt/

stop

/stp/

try

/tra/

asking friends and family, but nobody knew of anything. She also tried going shop to shop, but nobody was hiring.

Con gerundio, tambin se usa a menudo cuando ests experimentando (probando) algo, pero realmente no te gusta o no quieres intentarlo de nuevo. She tried eating the snake soup, but she didn't like it. Usando infinitivo, se expresa que quieres hacerlo, pero no tienes demasiado xito. Mary tried to lift the table, but it was too heavy. She tried to climb the tree, but she couldn't even get off the ground. Tambin se usa infinitivo si ests pidiendo a alguien que intente algo que puede o no ser capaz de conseguir. Try not to wake the baby when you get up tomorrow at 5 AM.

VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND OR AN INFINITIVE (WITH SIMILAR MEANING)

can't bear can't stand cease continue hate like love neglect prefer propose /knt be(r)/ /knt stnd/ /sis/ /kntnju/ /het/ /lak/ /lv/ /nlekt/ /prif(r)/ /prpz/ He can't bear having so much responsibility. He can't bear to be alone. He can't stand her smoking in the office. Nancy can't stand to work the late shift. The government ceased providing free healthcare. The government ceased to provide free healthcare. He continued talking. She continued to talk. I hate cleaning the bathroom. He hates to clean dishes. She likes listening to music. Samantha likes to read. I love swimming. We love to scuba dive. Sometimes she neglects doing her homework. She neglected to tell me the date of the meeting. He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theatre. He prefers to eat at 7 PM. I proposed having lunch at the beach. Drew proposed to pay for the trip.

RECUERDA
La diferencia de significado es pequea con estos verbos en particular. A menudo el gerundio y el infinitivo se pueden intercambiar, pero no siempre, porque todava hay una pequea diferencia. En general: Usar un gerundio sugiere que te refieres a actividades o experiencias reales, o que se realizan habitualmente. Usar un infinitivo implica que se est hablando de posibles actividades y experiencias, o que se realizan de vez en cuando.

Ejemplos en los que el gerundio y el infinitivo no se pueden intercambiar: The British reporter likes living in New York. He lives in New York and he likes what he experiences there. The British reporter likes to live in New York whenever he works in the United States. He likes the option or possibility of living in New York when he works in the United States.

I like speaking French because it's such a beautiful language. I like the experience of speaking French, and the way it makes me feel when I speak the language. I like to speak French when I'm in France. I prefer the option of speaking French when I am in France.