BEHAVIOR STUDY

OF THE
INSTRUCTOR


























2

Date: May 04, 2010




Subject: Quantitative Technique in Analysis

Submitted to: Dr. Basheer Ahmad Samim

Section: Tuesday (6-9)
























ABSTRACT:


3
This report is based on the behavior oI the instructor in one oI the class. This data is related to
ProIessor James Sidanius. The report is based on the attributes oI the instructor in the class and
his behavior with the students. For the analysis there are twelve variables with 520 cases
present in the data Iile. This will help us to evaluate the instructor behavior in the class.




















Table of Content:
4

Description: Page No


Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------- 5

Literature Review--------------------------------------------------------- 6
Article # 1------------------------------------------------------- 6
Article # 2------------------------------------------------------- 7
Article # 3------------------------------------------------------- 8
Article # 4------------------------------------------------------- 9
Article # 5------------------------------------------------------- 10

Description of the data file---------------------------------------------- 11

Problem Description----------------------------------------------------- 12

Application of technique and analysis------------------------------- 13

Results--------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

Recommendations-------------------------------------------------------- 18
Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------- 19
Appendix------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
Reference ------------------------------------------------------------------ 23




INTRODUCTION:

5

Factor analysis technique summarizes variables into smaller number oI the Iactors. It is a
statistical test that explores relationships among data. The test explores which variables in a
data set are most related to each other. I will use Iactor Analysis technique to identiIy the latent
structure oI the data and data summarization. The data Iile Ior this analysis contains 12 scale
variables with 520 cases




















6
LITERATURE REVIEW:


ARTICLE#1

Title: The impact of supply-chain management capabilities on business performance
Authors: Michael Tracey, Jeen-Su Lim, Mark A. Vonderembse
1ournal: Supply Chain Management: An International Journal
Year: 2005
Summary
The purpose oI this article is to empirically test the impact oI supply-chain management (SCM)
capabilities on business perIormance so as to determine to what degree customer-oriented SCM
issues inIluence competitive position and organizational perIormance.

A rigorous methodology is employed to generate a reliable and valid measurement instrument.
The results indicate signiIicant positive relationships exist among three types oI SCM
capabilities (outside-in, inside-out, and spanning) and business perIormance (perceived
customer value, customer loyalty, market perIormance, and Iinancial perIormance).

The article demonstrates that strategically developing SCM capabilities such as eIIicient
inbound and outbound transportation, warehousing, and inventory control, production support,
packaging, purchasing, order processing, and inIormation dissemination enable a
manuIacturing Iirm to identiIy and take advantage oI opportunities in the global marketplace.

The sample was drawn Irom manuIacturing Iirms in the USA across Iour SIC codes. Future
studies could collect more extensive data to conIirm, reIine, and expand upon the model
presented and the associated construct measures utilizing conIirmatory Iactor analysis.
The paper statistically validates that managers should regard the cultivation oI SCM
capabilities as a proprietary resource that Iacilitates competitive advantage. It also contributes a
concise instrument that may be used by academics interested in the areas oI supply-chain
management processes and Iirm perIormance.




7

ARTICLE#2

Title: Performance measures and metrics for e-supply chains
Authors: Murali Sambasivan, Zainal Abidin Mohamed, Tamizarasu Nandan
1ournal: Journal oI Enterprise InIormation Management
Year: 2009
Summary:
In order to manage such supply chains eIIiciently and eIIectively, traditional measures oI
supply chain perIormance are not adequate. The purpose oI this paper is to develop new
measures and metrics Ior monitoring the perIormance oI e-supply chains.

A Iramework based on the beneIits oI e-supply chains has been used to develop the metrics and
measures. The study makes use oI Iocus group discussion by assembling eight experts and
practitioners in the Iield oI e-supply chain to come up with the measures and metrics. A
questionnaire is designed with these measures and metrics and is sent to about 300 electronic
component manuIacturing companies in Malaysia to obtain Ieedback Irom the industry
practitioners. Appropriate reliability and validity tests are conducted to measure the reliability
oI the instrument and validity oI the constructs.

Through the Iocus group discussion, this study identiIies six metrics and 21 measures. The six
metrics are: web-enabled service, data reliability, time and cost, e-response, invoice
presentation and payment and e-document management metrics.








8
ARTICLE#3

Title: Understanding the causes of the bullwhip effect in a supply chain
Authors: Seung-Kuk Paik, Prabir K. Bagchi
1ournal: International Journal oI Retail & Distribution Management
Year: 2007
Summary:
This study attempts to determine the relative contribution oI each oI the causes oI the bullwhip
eIIect and to identiIy which causes oI the bullwhip eIIect have relatively signiIicant impacts on
the variability oI orders in supply chains.

Computer simulation models are developed. A Iractional Iactorial design is used in collecting
data Irom the simulation models. Statistical analyses are conducted to address the research
objectives.

When all oI the nine possible causes oI the bullwhip eIIect are present in the simulation
models, the Iollowing six Iactors are statistically signiIicant: demand Iorecast updating, order
batching, material delays, inIormation delays, purchasing delays and level oI echelons. Among
these six Iactors, demand Iorecast updating, level oI echelons, and price variations are the three
most signiIicant ones.

In order to mitigate the bullwhip eIIect, supply chain managers need to share actual demand
inIormation and coordinate production and distribution activities with their partners.

This study measures the relative contribution oI each oI the causes oI the bullwhip eIIect and
provides evidence that transparent and accurate inIormation Ilow and supply chain
coordination could be a key to reduce the ampliIication oI demand in supply chains.






9
ARTICLE#4

Title: Drivers of close supply chain collaboration: one size fits all?
Authors: Sander de Leeuw, Jan Fransoo
1ournal: International Journal oI Operations & Production Management
Year: 2009
Summary:
The purpose oI this paper is to investigate the background oI close supply chain collaboration
and to develop a multi-variable conceptual model oI Iactors that drive the need Ior close supply
chain collaboration.

A multi-variable conceptual model is developed based on literature and on a series oI dyadic
mini-cases in the electronics, Iashion and consumer-packaged goods industry.

This paper conIirms that close supply chain collaboration is inIluenced by a multitude oI
Iactors. It reveals a need to integrate Iindings Irom analytical and empirical disciplines that
study supply chain collaboration. The results suggest that collaborative initiatives are
predominantly initiated with suppliers and not with customers, and that close supply chain
collaboration may lead to inertia in business relations.

Based on the Iindings, Iirms can make better choices in their collaborative initiatives; based on
the conceptual model, Iirms can identiIy potential areas oI close supply chain collaboration.










10
ARTICLE#5

Title: The linkage between supply chain integration and manufacturing improvement
programmes
Authors: RaIIaella Cagliano, Federico Caniato, Gianluca Spina
1ournal: International Journal oI Operations & Production Management
Year: 2006
Summary:
The purpose oI this study is to investigate on an empirical basis the relationship between two
supply chain integration dimensions, the integration oI inIormation Ilows and the integration oI
physical Ilows.
Evidence is drawn Irom a sample oI 297 European companies Irom the third edition oI the
International ManuIacturing Strategy Survey. Data are analyzed using exploratory Iactor
analysis and hierarchical regression.

Results show that the adoption oI the lean production model has a strong inIluence on the
integration oI both inIormation and physical Ilows along the supply chain, while no signiIicant
inIluence emerged Irom the adoption oI ERP.

Findings open up new research questions about the missing link between ERP and inIormation
integration along the supply chain. Further developments concern the investigation oI the
impact oI consistent adoption oI internal and external practices on perIormance.

The paper provides managers with clear evidence oI the need Ior consistency between internal
and external integration.

This paper contributes to research by providing empirical evidence oI the link between
manuIacturing and supply chain integration practices.






11
DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA FILE:


Numbers of variables:

There are twelve variables present in the data Iile


1. INSTRUCTOR WELL PREPARED
2. INSTRUCTOR SCHOLARLY GRASP
3. INSTRUCTOR CONFIDENCE
4. INSTRUCTOR FOCUS ON LECTURES
5. INSTRUCTOR USES CLEAR RELEVANT EXAMPLES
6. INSTRUCTOR SENSITIVE TO STUDENTS
7. INSTRUCTOR ALLOWS ME TO ASK QUESTIONS
8. INSTRUCTOR IS ACCESSIBLE TO STUDENTS OUTSIDE CLASS
9. INSTRUCTOR AWARE OF STUDENTS UNDERSTANDING
10. I AM SATISFIED WITH STUDENT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
11. COMPARED TO OTHER INSTRUCTORS, THIS INSTRUCTOR IS
12. COMPARED TO OTHER COURSES THIS COURSE WAS



Numbers of Cases:


There are about 520 cases present in the data Iile.

Variable Measurement Scale:

All 12 scale variable were selected Ior analysis.

Problem Description:
12
In this data Iile we are not aware oI which variables are important to judge the instructor
behavior and check whether the variable is related with the instructor or not.

By applying Iactor Analysis with Varimax rotation we will Iind Iactor which cannot be
correlated with each other and describe all 12 variables in the Iorm oI diIIerent number oI
Iactors.

Initially I used Iactor extraction based on Eigen value 1 and got in result 2 Iactors which
explained the variance oI 58.677 at that time data loss was 41.323 .And Iorth Iactor Eigen
value was 0.71 which was greater than 0.60. ThereIore I used extraction which based on Iixed
Iactor oI 4. And I got result oI 4 Iactors which explained the variance oI 73.069 with only
data loss oI 26.931.




13


APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUE:



KMO greater than 0.5 means 50 co-relation exists in the data. ThereIore Factor Analysis can be
run on the data Iile as the KMO value is 0.919.

Bartlett's Test oI Sphericity tell us the matrix is identity matrix or not. The above sig value shows
that the H0 is rejected thereIore the correlation is a non-identity matrix.


14





There are Iour Iactors which explain 73.069 oI variance and 26.931 oI data is lost. I used
extraction oI Iactor with the help oI Iixed Iactor method because Iorth Iactor Eigen value is greater
than 0.60. II we use Iactor extraction based on Eigen value one then we have to compromise loss oI
data 41.32. And iI I would have selected a Iactor oI 3 then also the data loss would be 33.017.


15


There are 12 numbers oI components which is always equal to no oI Variable. In this
component matrix 4 Iactors explain the data summarization oI 12 variables. Data is
suppressed by the value 0.4. We only Iind that variable which correlation is greater or
equal to 0.4. The rotated component matrix shows the correlation between the variables
and Iactors. Three variables are cross loading so thereIore we have to remove the variables
and run this test again.
16


AIter removing the three un-important variables Irom the test, now the above picture shows
the Iinal Iorm oI the rotated matrix, which clearly shows Iour Iactors. ThereIore we name
all the Iactors as Iollows:
O Factor 1: Instructor Competency.
O Factor 2: Instructor Relation towards its students.
O Factor 3: Data Authenticity.
O Factor 4: Coarse Evaluation


17
RESULT:
We have total 12 variables in these Iiles with the cases oI 520. We have to identiIy which
variable is important and at which variable is highly relating to instructor behavior. We got
result oI 4 Iactors that explained the behavior oI instructor. The Iirst Iactor`s variable
relating instructor competency, second Iactor`s variables relating to instructor relation
towards its students, third Iactor variable shows the satisIaction level oI the data which is
collected and the Iorth Iactor variable is related to coarse evaluation that is the coarse
satisIactory as compared to others.















18
RECOMMENDATION:

Regarding my view about data Iile is that we can add some more variable with respect to
student and instructor to more identiIy instructor competency and relationship with the
students and student satisIactions.


















19
CONCLUSION:
Factor Analysis identiIies the latent structure and data summarization oI the 12 variables
into extraction oI 4 Iixed Iactors which explain the variation oI 73 and only data loss oI
27. Also identiIy the important variable in this data Iile Ior instructor behavior. The result
provided us Iour Iixed Iactor which explains the behavior oI the instructor, his command
over the subject and his relationship with the students.

















20
APPENDIX:




21


22






















23
REFERENCE:


http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/SAS/output/principalcomponents.htm