Jimma University Institute of Technology Mechanical Engineering Department

Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Energy Engineering

Laboratory Report for Experimental Testing Of Fuel Stick Additives Effect on IC Engine Performance

Prepared By Tadele Chala Bekele I.D M.Sc/00273/03

Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Experiment Two
Effect of Fuel Stick Additive on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics Theory
Stick: Fuel Stick: is a composition of different hydrocarbon compounds with characteristics which will improve the performance of the engine through performing the following key activities in the combustion system increase the cetene level in diesel fuel composition change the molecular structure of the fuel for facilitation of better combustion cleans fuel combustion chamber and engine fuel system

Objective
a. to study the performance of an engine running on a fuel and fuel stick mixture in comparison with the engine running on pure fuel b. to analyze the emission characteristics of the engine with and without the fuel stick

Experimental Apparatus
Variable compression engine test rig was used in the experiment 20liter of pure petrol 20litre of petrol mixed with fuel stick 20liter of diesel pure fuel 20liter of diesel mixed with fuel stick One pack of fuel stick Stop watch

Experimental Procedures The compression ratio for both set ups were fixed according to the requirements nine for the spark ignition engine and sixteen for compression ignition engine. The mixed and the pure fuels of both types were ready and stop watch and known volume of both fuels (mixed and pure for each) was used to measure the fuel flow rate to the engine. The emission levels were measured using the integrated emission analyzer .And the throttle position of the engine was kept at full rack.

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Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Experimental Set Up

Fig 1.1 Photo showing the set up used to test the power output of the engine

Fig.1.2 Photo showing the set up for emission analysis

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Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Data Collected and Calculated Parameters Case I: Petrol Engine (spark ignition engine)
B.t (NM) B.p (kw) F.t (NM) F.p (kw) I.p (kw)

No

RPM

m
72.73 76.92 79.07 79.55 80 80.22 80.43 80

Sfc (kg/kwh)

b
26.49 27.84 29.83 29.85 29.72 29.98 30.7 28.4

air
0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942

v
89.51 94.09 99.68 106.7 103.2 102.1 105 109.4

Air.Pr (InH20)

ma (kg/hr)

fc (kg/hr)

air/fuel

HC

CO

CO2

O2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000

24 30 34 35 36 36.5 37 36

6.911504 7.853982 8.011061 7.330383 6.597345 5.733407 4.843289 3.769911

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

2.59 2.36 2.12 1.88 1.65 1.4 2 1.18 0.94

9.50 10.21 10.13 9.21 8.25 7.15 6.02 4.71

0.32 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.30

2.25 2.15 2.05 1.95 1.65 1.4 1.2 1

40.5072 38.70688 36.90656 35.10624 29.70528 25.20448 21.60384 18.0032

2.2362 2.417764 2.302136 2.104615 1.902597 1.639078 1.35211 1.137771

18.11 16.01 16.03 16.68 15.61 15.38 15.98 15.82

11 12 15 28 8 11 11 12

0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02

0.47 0.3 0.09 0.1 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.06

1.1 0.9 0.85 0.83 0.8 0.97 0.97 0.97

Table 2.1.a Performance Data of an engine using Petrol fuel with fuel stick additive

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RPM 2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000

B.t (NM) 25 30 33 35.5 36.5 37 37.25 35.5

B.p (kw) 7.22 7.85 7.78 7.44 6.69 5.81 4.88 3.72

F.t (NM) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

F.p (kw) 2.59181 2.35619 2.12058 1.88496 1.64934 1.41372 1.1781 0.94248

I.p (kw) 9.7913 10.2102 9.89602 9.32006 8.33831 7.22566 6.05411 4.66003

m
73.53 76.92 78.57 79.78 80.22 80.43 80.54 79.78

Sfc (kg/kwh) 0.32161441 0.31558595 0.31951589 0.289051 0.29297009 0.29430018 0.2900391 0.38778786

b air v
26.65 27.16 26.83 29.65 29.26 29.12 29.55 22.1 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 0.942 89.56 96.32 102.2 106.7 106.3 109.5 109.5 109.5

Air.Pr (InH20) 2.25 2.2 2.1 1.95 1.7 1.5 1.25 1

ma (kg/hr) 40.5072 39.60704 37.80672 35.10624 30.60544 27.0048 22.504 18.0032

fc (kg/hr) 2.315458 2.478606 2.484377 2.149124 1.959669 1.710457 1.414235 1.441621

air/fuel 17.49 15.98 15.22 16.34 15.62 15.78 15.91 12.49

HC 10.5 12 33 10 11.5 20 11 13

CO 0.1 0.03 0.22 0.08 0.07 0.1 0.19 0.46

CO2 0.94 0.91 0.65 0.42 0.31 0.38 0.65 0.27

O2 1.22 0.85 0.97 1.1 0.96 1.22 0.97 1.22

Table 2.1.b Performance data of an engine using pure petrol fuel

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Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Power Output Characteristics of the Engine
Brake power performance (w=with fuel stick and w/o=without fuel stick)
Brake Power

brake power ((KW)

Friction Power (w=with fuel stick and w/o=without fuel stick)

Friction Power

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Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Indicated Power (w=with fuel stick and w/o=without fuel stick)

Indicated Power
)

Efficiency Characteristics of the Engine

Brake thermal efficiency (w=with fuel stick and w/o=without fuel stick)

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Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Volumetric efficiency (w=with fuel stick and w/o=without fuel stick)

Mechanical Efficiency (w=with fuel stick and w/o=without fuel stick)

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Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Emission Analysis Results Obtained Are Given In the Following Graphs
Unburned hydro carbon emission

Carbon dioxide emission

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Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Carbon monoxide emission

Excess oxygen emission

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Fuel stick additives effect on IC engine performance

Conclusion
From the observed data and the calculated parameters we have generally been able to proof that the fuel stick additives has an overall positive effect on the performance and emission reduction of the engine. The conclusion was supported by the following issues 1. The brake and indicated power of the engine was improved while using the fuel stick additive when compared with using the pure petrol fuel. 2. With almost the same brake thermal, mechanical and volumetric efficiency of the engine the emission level of the different pollutants like CO2, CO, HC and O2 was significantly reduced except there was same mistake in taking the data at 2250 and 2500 RPM.

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