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SEMESTER-I Student Name Registration Number Subject Name Subject Code Country Name Faculty Name : Henry Osei : : Computer Architecture : PITA : Ghana : Mrs.Caroline kalaiselvi
MARKS 10 15
b) Total weightage given to these assignments is 25%. ( 25 Marks) c) The assignments are to be typed in word/pdf. d) The two assignments are to be completed by due dates (specified from time to time) and need to be submitted for evaluation to the University of Madras. e) The marks for the assignments will be made available within one week. f) Students have to affix a scan signature in the form.
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Assignment A Answer all the Questions (Answer Each Questions not less than 500 words)
1. Explain general register organization 2. Perform logic AND,OR and XOR with a 2 binary strings 10011100 and10101010 3. Explain Array processors 4. Write multiplication algorithms 5. Explain the multiprogrammed control unit for booths multiplier.
Bus System
A bus in computer terminology represents a physical connection used to carry a signal from one point to another. The signal carried by a bus may represent address, data, control signal, or
power. Typically, a bus consists of a number of connections running together. Each connection is called a bus line. A bus line is normally identified by a number. Related groups of bus lines are usually identified by a name. For example, the group of bus lines 1 to 7 in a given computer system may be used to carry the address of memory locations, and therefore are identified as address lines. Depending on the signal carried, there exist at least four types of buses: address, data, control, and power buses. Data buses carry data, control buses carry control signals, and power buses carry the powersupply/ground voltage. The size (number of lines) of the address, data, and control bus varies from one system to another. Consider, for example, the bus connecting a CPU and memory in a given system, called the CPU bus. In addition to carrying control signals, a control bus can carry timing signals. These are signals used to determine the exact timing for data transfer to and from a bus; that is, they determine when a given computer system component, such as the processor, memory, or I/O devices, can place data on the bus and when they can receive data from the bus. A bus can be synchronous if data transfer over the bus is controlled by a bus clock. The clock acts as the timing reference for all bus signals. A bus is asynchronous if data transfer over the bus is based on the availability of the data and not on a clock signal. Data is transferred over an asynchronous bus using a technique called handshaking.
Control unit
There are mainly two different types of control units: micro programmed and hardwired. In micro programmed control, the control signals associated with operations are stored in special memory units inaccessible by the programmer as control words. A control word is a microinstruction that specifies one or more micro operations. A sequence of microinstructions is called a micro program, which is stored in a ROM or RAM called a control memory CM. In hardwired control, fixed logic circuits that correspond directly to the Boolean expressions are used to generate the control signals. Clearly hardwired control is faster than micro programmed control. However, hardwired control could be very expensive and complicated for complex systems. Hardwired control is more economical for small control units. It should also be noted that microprogrammed control could adapt easily to changes in the system design. We can easily add new instructions without changing hardware. Hardwired control will require a redesign of the entire systems in the case of any change.
2. LOGIC OPERATIONS A common reason to manipulate a logic expression is to simplify it in some way so that it contains less terms or less connectives. A simplified expression might be more opaque, in the sense that it is not as clear what it means, but looking at things computationally it will generally be cheaper to evaluate.
3.Array Processors Array processing performs computation on a large array of data. An alternative approach is where ILP is made explicit somehow; the use of vector processors is one example of this approach. Conceptually, this is an easy step to make. In a scalar processor, the natural units of computation are single values held in registers. In a vector processor, one operates using registers that contain p separate values.