Development of Digital Protective Relay Tester under IEC61850

CHEN HuiCHEN Jiong-congLIANG Xiao-bingYU Nan-hua Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation Guangzhou 510080P.R. China E-MAIL:chenhui_jx@qq.com AbstractThe novel tester of digital protective relay based on
IEC61850 is proposed in this paper. The testers system architecture is based on multi-CPU(CPU+DSP) high speed hardware platform and real time operation system, it can receive and sample the analog test data on time, which is then converted into digital test data according to IEC61850 protocol. This tester also has the GOOSE trip signal which receive, the analysis digital protection device sends outand the circuit breaker position contact signal encoding, the group frame, transmits GOOSE the switch status to give the digitized relay protection installment and so on. The transient simulation testing platform is established, which can construct the electric quantity of each test cycle in the period of protections operation for sending under IEC61850. Due to the special recursive algorithm and detecting the action of protectionthe tester can complete the closed loop experiment of tripping-reclose-tripping forever. With the help of man machine interface, its very convenient to performance dynamic simulation test static simulation test and transient simulation test. This tester also get the fine results in the check of transient simulation test. converted internal by the optical fiber transmission to merge unit (MU), the merge unit do synchronous processing after the secondary side data collection from each optic-electronic transformer, group frame according to IEC61850-9, and transmit to new digital protective relay device through the optical fiber[9]~[11]. This tester will simulate all the operation from optic-electronic transformer to merge unit and from relay protection to intelligent switch, it includes the functions and characters as follows:1.It can receive multichannel analog signals(voltage and current), and group frame one by one according to IEC61850-9 which is transmitted to relay protection internal in real time[12]~[13].2.It has several digital input port and digital output port, the action signal from relay protection is transmitted to this tester in the form of GOOSE signal or digital output, then the tester transmits the signal to switch device in dynamic simulation laboratory or digital input in protection tester by its own digital output.3.With the internal simulation test platform, it can finish the closed loop experiment according to the chosen simulation fault module or fault situation[14]. This test system is base on the existing power system dynamic simulation experiment which consists of mature and widely used technology, relay protection static test and electro-magnetic transient simulation test, it makes traditional test methods play an important role in the new digital protection test, experiments and simulation analysis experiments.

Keywords IEC61850 digital protection digital relay

protection testerclosed loop experimentreal time operation system

1. Hardware design
This testers global design of hardware framework is shown in figure 1-1.
Dynamic simulation experiment transformer interface Protection device samples values input interface Protection device GOOSE information output interface Current and voltage converter AD sampling module
Optical fiber interface 1 Optical fiber interface 2

0. Introduction
In recent years, with the rapid development of integrated substation automation technology and communication technology, all kinds of unconventional optic-electronic measurement system gradually replaced electromagnetic mutual-inductance measurement systems. As the release of IEC61850 substation automation communication protocol, the realizing digitization in substation has become the future direction of substation automation technology development[1]~[4]. The use of digital protection will inevitable bring changes in corresponding test, testing equipment and testing methods. After adopting new digital protection devices, because of getting information and transmitting control commands in accord with the transmission IEC61850 statute of communication network, its different from traditional relay protection in test methods[5]~[8]. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of digital substation, we need to research on test methods, means and standard, on this basis, and develop new protective relay tester. In the IEC61850 framework, the optic-electronic transformer of process level will transmit digital sample value which is

GPS module

Optic-electronic isolation

DSP

8 pairs of digital input terminal

Protection device trip junction

Optic-electronic isolation

8 pairs of digital output terminal

External switch interface

dualport RAM

Management CPU

Humanmachine interface

Fig.1-1 The structure of tester hardware

1.1 Processor
Due to the high requirement of test system for real-time data processing, in order to realize the function of many complex tasks for a test device, the selection of the core processor hardware is crucial. This tester chooses the real-time system with combination of low-power CPU and DSP, CPU is mainly responsible for the management, man-machine interface and communication with DSP DSP has the strong data processing ability and high speed, and which is mainly responsible for data acquisition, encoding frame, sending and receiving GOOSE signals and communication with CPU. The data communication between CPU and DSP is mainly finished through dual-port RAM on DSP.

1.2 A/D sampling and control

Considering the need of common unilateral and bilateral line protection, and double ring, three ring transformer protection test, its composed of 27 analog channels. This tester has to transmit the input analog signals to conventional small electrical signals through internal current and voltage convertor, then the signals go into 16 bit A/D sampling module which is controlled by FPGA on DSP board.

protocol in sampling value transmission model and GOOSE information model transmission. According to the demand function, this tester is determined specific software and hardware configurations after its function division. The management CPU runs on the Windows2000 operation system which is famous with stability, using Microsoft Visual c + + development environment, the human-machine interface management software is developed which embeds simulation experiment function and communication function with DSP, and realizes data management and analysis in the experiment or after the experiment. The DSP runs on the small famous real time operation system- C/OS, due to the different priorities in task and the real-time dispatch in management CPU, it can finish all the tasks consequence in proper sequence. The management CPU and DSP work in the form of principal and subordinate style on the whole, management CPU is principal and DSP is subordinate, executing task and obtaining parameters have to get the commands from management CPU at any time, if DSP need to upload data forwardly, it has to send notice signals to management CPU, and the management CPU will check DSP whether there is command to deal with.

2.1 Analog experiment

In the analog experiment, the original analog output from transformer in dynamic simulation laboratory or relay protection testing system is connected to this tester, then the tester will send sampling value messages according to IEC61850 protocol to relay protection in real time one by one. Considering the protection configuration and IEC61850 protocol requirements, analog experiment can complete on single, double side of current ,distance, longitudinal distance , longitudinal orientation and longitudinal differential line protection test, and element protection test with two sides or three sides in transformer protection. In order to record the condition of disturbance and protection action in the experiment in real time, a disturbance recording tache is added which records the changes of system voltage ,current, analog input and GOOSE input in the experiment fully, to provide proof for experiment and analysis of protection action. The structure of analog experiment is shown in figure 2-1.

1.3 Digital input and digital output

Some digital protection trip signals are still generated by traditional hard trip logic circuit, in order to detect open and closed hard junction state in the test procedure, 8 digital input channels are established, and every channel has corresponding anti-jamming measures. According to IEC61850 protocol, the protection sends open and closed digital signals to on-site intelligent switch to control the breaker by Ethernet network, so this digital protective relay tester must imitate some intelligent switch functions, namely, it will output hard logic junction, and trip simulation test device or dynamic simulation test system switches when it receives trip data frames, this tester establishes 8 digital output channels in all.

1.4 Network communication

This digital protective relay tester is mainly communicated with protection by Ethernet network, which includes sampling transmitting signals from tester to protection and logic signals from protection to tester, such as tripping breaker signals, blocking signals and warning signals.
s itch ign als

Digital protective relay tester Switch signals

Sw

Digital relay protection

Analog signals of voltage and current The interface from dynamic simulation experiment or relay protection testing system

2 Design thinking
This digital protective relay tester mainly consists of two important functions: analog experiment and simulation experiment, it also includes management and analysis modules of experiment data. There functions depend on the realization of IEC61850

er al fib optic message SE (GOO ission) transm er al fib optic g value plin on) (sam smissi tran

Fig.2-1 The structure of analog experiment

2.2 Transient simulation

A transient simulation software test platform base on ATP/EMTP is established in the tester, when the transient simulation software runs in the background in test system, it can collect transient current and voltage data from protected device, then these data is grouped frame and transmitted according to IEC61850 protocol, so the closed loop experiment is realized by detecting protection action and controlling the simulation calculator program, the structure of transient simulation is shown in figured 2-2.

be connected for an APDU. The frame format of APDU is shown in figure 2-3.
APCIApplication Protocol Control Information ASDUApplication Service Data Unit

Tag

Length

ASDU number ASDU1 ASDU2 3 Fig.2-3 The APDU frame format of tester

ASDU3

(2) Presentation layer

The data in sampling value buffer is encoded by abstract syntax notation 1(ASN.1), the encoding format is TLV which consists of tag, length and value. But the APDU in 9-1 protocol uses simple encoding, writing 0x80 for mark value, it represents the context class. (3) Data link layer The Switching Ethernet is chosen, by default, the destination of message is broadcast. The Ethernet type is set as 0x88BA, and the priority service for message transmission is supported.

1. 2.

Send simulation experiment data

Trip Digital protective relay tester

Change model and send simulation experiment data

Reclose

Digital relay protection

er al fib optic message SE (GOO mission) trans er al fib optic g value plin ) (sam ission m trans

3.

Change model again and send simulation experiment data

Trip forever

2.4 Realization of GOOSE information model transmission

In order to ensure the reliability and real-time among kinds of intelligent electronic device(IED) communication with each other, generic substation event(GSE) model is defined in IEC61850. Generic object oriented substation events(GOOSE) model as a kind of GSE, is mainly for trip command transmission in process bus. In order to avoid the delay in communication stack and ensure the rapidity for message transmission, a PDU is defined specially in application layer ,like sampling value transmission model, which is mapped to data link layer and physical layer without TCP/IP protocol, after encoded in presentation layer. (1) Application layer Being different from sampling value model transmission, the PDU on the layer uses ASN.1 standard, and it cant be simplified, so it depends on the support of MMS type to describe. For example, the IMPORTS components need reference Data parameters in MMS to be described in ASN.1. (2) Presentation layer Using ASN.1 basic Encoding Rules(BER) to encode PDU in application layer. (3) Data link layer It follows ISO/IEC 8802.3 protocol (Ethernet protocol), Ethernet type is set for 0x88B8, and the message transmission priority service is support, whose default priority is 4. The particular range of distribution of multicast addresses is allocated from 01-0C-CD-01-00-00 to 01-0C-CD-01-01-FF.

4.

Change model at last and send simulation experiment data

Fault,Trip,Reclose,Trip forver

Fig.2-2 The structure of transient experiment

Considering the ease-ofuse for user operation, several kinds of conventional pre-set system models are provided for users to choose, such as line fault and transformer fault model. Meanwhile, considering the user-opening in simulation experiment, this simulation platform also provides all the simulation software interface for user operation and management, if users define breaker node according to prescribed format, then a complex system model with their own need is built freely and put into normal operation.

2.3 Realization of sampling value transmission

To ensure the stability of the standard, IEC61850 uses separation method of application and communication. The abstract model of sampling value is defined in 7-2, whose specific communication service mapping(SCSM) is defined in 9-1 and 9-2. As the 9-1 protocol is carried out easier than 9-2 protocol, but lack the flexible configuration like 9-2. Considering present application status, this tester will adopt the realization way of 9-1. For the realization of 9-1 protocol, in order to ensure the hard real-time of message transmission, without delay in communication stack, the PDU at application layer will be encoded at presentation layer, then it is mapped to data link layer and physical layer directly, both the transport layer and network layer is empty. (1) Application layer According to achievement function for the tester, only 9 channel data in 12 will be realized in 9-1 protocol(because three-phase current for protection is same with three-phase current for measurement), in this tester, 27 analog input channel is predefined, so before the application protocol data unit(APDU) is placed in sending buffer, 3 application service data unit(ASDU) will

2.5 Multitask scheme design under C/OS

C/OS is a kind of open source and free embedded operating system for small and medium-sized system development[15], in which a task is a thread and each task using CPU exclusively. Every task is an infinite loop, it is always in the following one among 5 kinds of states: dormancy state, ready state, running state, hang-up

state(waiting for event to occur), and interrupted state. The conversion relationship among 5 states is shown in figure 2-4. C/Os can manage 64 tasks, and 56 tasks can be used by users. Each task priority must be different, on the condition of ready state, C/OS always run the highest priority task, 0 for the highest, and 63 for the lowest.
is Task d e ncell ca Resuming task
Registering task Canceling task Task is cancelled

3 Transient simulation experiment test

To check the transient simulation function of the tester, we take phase-to-phase fault section I input, and recloser input for example, control and schedule simulation experiment after establishing the power system electromagnetic transient simulation model, then input corresponding message to the digital protection in accordance with IEC61850-9 protocol, and observe the action of digital protection. After checking and testing, the simulation experiment results is shown in table 3-1. Table 3-1 The simulation experiment results
Setting value Imposed conditions 2.85 2.54 chronic fault 2.669 Action conditions Protection tripping without reclosing, as shown in figure 3-1 Protection doesnt trip Protection tripping with reclosing, as shown in figure 3-2 Protection doesnt trip Protection tripping with reclosing, then tripping forever, as shown in figure 3-3 Protection doesnt trip

hang-up state
waitting Getting CPU permission Depriving permission

dormancy state

ready state

running state

interrupt interrupt

ed state
Interrupt stop

Fig.2-4 The status switch of mission

2.85 2.54

According to the functional need analysis, two system tasks, and three user tasks are set. (1) "Watchdog" task: This is the highest priority task in system level, its also the highest priority task in the entire system, setting priority 5. To ensure the stable operation of the system, the system feed the dog timely, if suddenness occurs, "watchdog" program will send a reset signal to the system. (2) GOOSE signal received task: another system level task, setting priority 6. Received from the network interfaces for GOOSE signals and delivered to the user task 2 through the message queue. (3) User task1: it checks and verifies the command from the management CPU in the dual-port RAM, the priority level is set to 16, and its delivered to user task3 through message queue, then informs user task3 download data from dual-port RAM. (4) User task2: GOOSE signals is received from the message queue to analyze and output through output port. Its priority is set to 17. (5) User task3: it downloads and uploads data from dual-port RAM, its priority is set to 18. Each task transferring relationship is shown in figure 2-5.

transient fault 2.669

2.85

2.54

transient fault 2.669 Failure again after reclosing

Fig.3-1 The phase current and voltage waveform describing Protection tripping without reclosing

Watchdog
Downloading and uploading data from dual-port RAM
Fig.3-2 The phase current and voltage waveform describing Protection tripping with reclosing

GOOSE received
Checking and verifying data from dual-port RAM

Receiving and outputing GOOSE

Fig.2-5 task priority and transferring relationship

[7] [8]

Fig.3-3 The phase current and voltage waveform describing Protection tripping with reclosing, then tripping forever

[9] [10] [11]

These waveforms tell that the transient simulation experiment function can complete closed-loop transient simulation testing on digital protection successfully.

4 Conclusions
The emergence of IEC61850 to realizes interoperability between relay protection of different manufacturers, so that more and more Digital protection based on optical fiber communication gradually replaced traditional protection devices. Periodic testing on relay protection will play an extremely important role to ensure the safe operation of power system, however, the traditional relay protection is impossible to complete the testing mission for digital relay protection. To establish a digital protective relay tester which suits new digital protection and inherits the traditional testing method is important to ensure reliable action on digital protection and comprehensive promotion of digital substation. The tester based on IEC61850 protocol, with two functions of analog experiment and transient closed-loop simulation experiment, and can conduct a comprehensive digital test on digital protection. After being tested and used , it can meet using requirement in worksite well. [12] [13] [14]

[15]

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Biography
CHEN Hui(1985-) male JiangXi Nanchang Han Master main the research directions for the Power System and its Automation Email:chenhui_jx@qq.com CHEN Jiong-cong(1979-) male GuangXi Wuzhou Han Master the main research directions for the Power System and its AutomationEmail:chenjiongcong@gddky.csg.cn LIANG Xiao-bing(1973-)maleHeBei TangshanHanMaster the main research directions for the Power System and its AutomationEmail:liangxiaobing@gddky.csg.cn YU Nan-hua(1976-) male JiangXi Jiujiang Han Doctor main the research directions for the Power System and its Automation Email:yunanhua@gddky.csg.cn

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