1. Write any three schedules indicating the start and completion times for each activity?

Produce a detailed schedule showing which staff carry out each activity Produce a detailed plan against which actual achievement may be measured Produce a timed cash flow forecast 2. What are the objectives of activity planning? Feasibility assessment,Resource allocation,Detailed costing,Motivation,Coordination 3. Define planning? Planning is an ongoing process of refinement, each iteration becoming more detailed and more accurate than the last. Over successive iterations, the emphasis and purpose of planning will shift. 4. What are the four steps to create project schedules? Producing the plan,Identifying potential problems,Resource allocation,Schedule production 5. Defining activities? Before we try to identify the activities that make up a project it is worth reviewing what we mean by a project and its activities and adding some assumptions that will be relevant when we start to produce an activity plan. 6. What are the three approaches for identifying activities? Activity-based approach,Product-based approach,Hybrid approach 7. Define activity-based approach? The activity-based approach consists a list of all the activities that the project is thought to involve. This might involve a brainstorming session involving the whole project team or it migt stem from an analysis of similar past projects. 8. Define WBS? - Work Breakdown Structure The WBS involves identifying the main tasks required to complete a project and then breaking each of these down into a set of lower-level tasks. 9. Write the advantage of WBS approach. Advantage claimed for the WBS approach include the belief that it is much more likely to result in a task catalogue that is complete and is composed of nonoverlapping activities. 10. Define product-based approach?

It consists of producing a Product Breakdown Structure and a Product Flow Diagram(PFD). The PFD indicates, for each product, which other products are required as inputs. 11. Write the five levels should be used in a WBS. Project,Deliverables,Components,Workpackages,Tasks 12. What are the network planning models? Activity-on-arrow approach,Activity-onnode approach 13. Define activity-on-arrow approach? Activity-on-arrow approach to visualizing the project as a network where activities are drawn as arrows joining circles, or nodes, which represent the possible start and/or completion of an activity or set of activities. 14. Define activity-on-node approach? Activity-on-node networks where activities are represented as nodes and the links between nodes represent precedence requirements. This latter approach avoids some of the problems inherent in the activity-on-arrow representation and provides more scope for easily representing certain situations. 15. Write the two techniques for network planning models? PERT,CPM 16. Write the expansion for PERTs CPM techniques? PERT Program Evaluation Review Technique CPM Critical Path Method 17. Define forward pass? The forward pass rule: the earliest date for an event is the earliest finish date for all the activities terminating at the event. Where more than one activity terminates at a common event we take the latest of the earliest finish dates for those activities. 18. Define backward pass? The backward pass rule: the latest finish date for an activity is the latest start date for all the activities that may commence immediately that activity is complete. Where more than one activity can commence we take the earliest of the latest start dates for those activities. 19. Write the significance of the critical path? In managing the project, we must pay particular attention to monitoring

1. Write any three schedules indicating the start and completion times for each activity? Produce a detailed schedule showing which staff carry out each activity Produce a detailed plan against which actual achievement may be measured Produce a timed cash flow forecast 2. What are the objectives of activity planning? Feasibility assessment,Resource allocation,Detailed costing,Motivation,Coordination 3. Define planning? Planning is an ongoing process of refinement, each iteration becoming more detailed and more accurate than the last. Over successive iterations, the emphasis and purpose of planning will shift. 4. What are the four steps to create project schedules? Producing the plan,Identifying potential problems,Resource allocation,Schedule production 5. Defining activities? Before we try to identify the activities that make up a project it is worth reviewing what we mean by a project and its activities and adding some assumptions that will be relevant when we start to produce an activity plan. 6. What are the three approaches for identifying activities? Activity-based approach,Product-based approach,Hybrid approach 7. Define activity-based approach? The activity-based approach consists a list of all the activities that the project is thought to involve. This might involve a brainstorming session involving the whole project team or it migt stem from an analysis of similar past projects. 8. Define WBS? - Work Breakdown Structure The WBS involves identifying the main tasks required to complete a project and then breaking each of these down into a set of lower-level tasks. 9. Write the advantage of WBS approach. Advantage claimed for the WBS approach include the belief that it is much more likely to result in a task catalogue that is complete and is composed of nonoverlapping activities. 10. Define product-based approach?

It consists of producing a Product Breakdown Structure and a Product Flow Diagram(PFD). The PFD indicates, for each product, which other products are required as inputs. 11. Write the five levels should be used in a WBS. Project,Deliverables,Components,Workpackages,Tasks 12. What are the network planning models? Activity-on-arrow approach,Activity-onnode approach 13. Define activity-on-arrow approach? Activity-on-arrow approach to visualizing the project as a network where activities are drawn as arrows joining circles, or nodes, which represent the possible start and/or completion of an activity or set of activities. 14. Define activity-on-node approach? Activity-on-node networks where activities are represented as nodes and the links between nodes represent precedence requirements. This latter approach avoids some of the problems inherent in the activity-on-arrow representation and provides more scope for easily representing certain situations. 15. Write the two techniques for network planning models? PERT,CPM 16. Write the expansion for PERTs CPM techniques? PERT Program Evaluation Review Technique CPM Critical Path Method 17. Define forward pass? The forward pass rule: the earliest date for an event is the earliest finish date for all the activities terminating at the event. Where more than one activity terminates at a common event we take the latest of the earliest finish dates for those activities. 18. Define backward pass? The backward pass rule: the latest finish date for an activity is the latest start date for all the activities that may commence immediately that activity is complete. Where more than one activity can commence we take the earliest of the latest start dates for those activities. 19. Write the significance of the critical path? In managing the project, we must pay particular attention to monitoring

activities on the critical path so that the effects of any delay or resource unavailability are detected and corrected at the earliest opportunity. In planning the project, It is the critical path that we must shorten if we are to reduce the overall duration of the project. 20. Define free float? The time by which an activity may be delayed without affecting any subsequent activity. If is calculated as the difference between the earliest completion date for the activity and the earliest start of the succeeding activity. 21. Write about Interfering float? The difference between total float and free float. This is quite commonly used, particularly in association with the free float. 22. Write the rules and conventions for activity on arrow network? A project network may have only one start node A project network may have only one end node A link has duration Nodes have no duration Time moves from left to right Nodes are numbered sequentially A network may not contain loops A network may not contain dangles 23. What do you meant by Dummy activities? Dummy activities, shown as dotted lines on the network diagram, have a zero duration and use no resources. They are often used to aid in the layouts of network diagram. 24. Define Activity labeling? Typically he diagram is used to record information about the events rather than the activities activity-based information is generally held on a separate activity table. 25. What are the network analysis? Forward pass,Backward pass,Identify the critical path 26. Define risk? An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a projects objective. 27. What are the key elements of a risk? It relates to the future,It involves cause and effect

28. What are the categories of risk? Actors,Structure,Technology,Tasks 29. Write the steps for planning for risk? Risk identification,Risk analysis and prioritization,Risk planning,Risk monitoring 30. What are the two main approaches to identify the risk? Checklists,Brainstorming 31. Write the two checklists for risk identify? The two checklists that of Lyytinen and his colleagues and the ISPL/Euromethod model. 32. Define casual mapping? One way of identifying possible threats to the success of a project and the measures that might eliminate or reduce them is the use of causal mapping. Causal maps and diagrams represent area of activity. 33. Write the calculation for risk exposure? Risk exposure= (potential damage)*(probability of occurrence) 34. Write the another name for probability impact grids. The probability impact grids is otherwise called as summary risk profiles. 35. Define tolerance line? Risks that appear within this zone have a degree of seriousness that merits particular attention. 36. Write the choices for risk planning? Risk acceptance,Risk avoidance,Risk reduction and mitigation,Risk transfer 37. Define Risk acceptance? The risk prioritization process, have decided to ignore some risks in order to concentrate on the more likely or damaging. 38. Define Risk avoidance? The problems with developing software solutions from scratch, managers might decide to retain existing clerical methods, or to buy an off-the-shelf solution. 39. Write the expansion and calculation of RRL? - Risk Reduction Level (RRL) RRL =(RE befor - RE after )/(cost of risk reduction) e 40. Write three estimates for PERT? Most likely time,Optimistic time,Pessimistic time

activities on the critical path so that the effects of any delay or resource unavailability are detected and corrected at the earliest opportunity. In planning the project, It is the critical path that we must shorten if we are to reduce the overall duration of the project. 20. Define free float? The time by which an activity may be delayed without affecting any subsequent activity. If is calculated as the difference between the earliest completion date for the activity and the earliest start of the succeeding activity. 21. Write about Interfering float? The difference between total float and free float. This is quite commonly used, particularly in association with the free float. 22. Write the rules and conventions for activity on arrow network? A project network may have only one start node A project network may have only one end node A link has duration Nodes have no duration Time moves from left to right Nodes are numbered sequentially A network may not contain loops A network may not contain dangles 23. What do you meant by Dummy activities? Dummy activities, shown as dotted lines on the network diagram, have a zero duration and use no resources. They are often used to aid in the layouts of network diagram. 24. Define Activity labeling? Typically he diagram is used to record information about the events rather than the activities activity-based information is generally held on a separate activity table. 25. What are the network analysis? Forward pass,Backward pass,Identify the critical path 26. Define risk? An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a projects objective. 27. What are the key elements of a risk? It relates to the future,It involves cause and effect

28. What are the categories of risk? Actors,Structure,Technology,Tasks 29. Write the steps for planning for risk? Risk identification,Risk analysis and prioritization,Risk planning,Risk monitoring 30. What are the two main approaches to identify the risk? Checklists,Brainstorming 31. Write the two checklists for risk identify? The two checklists that of Lyytinen and his colleagues and the ISPL/Euromethod model. 32. Define casual mapping? One way of identifying possible threats to the success of a project and the measures that might eliminate or reduce them is the use of causal mapping. Causal maps and diagrams represent area of activity. 33. Write the calculation for risk exposure? Risk exposure= (potential damage)*(probability of occurrence) 34. Write the another name for probability impact grids. The probability impact grids is otherwise called as summary risk profiles. 35. Define tolerance line? Risks that appear within this zone have a degree of seriousness that merits particular attention. 36. Write the choices for risk planning? Risk acceptance,Risk avoidance,Risk reduction and mitigation,Risk transfer 37. Define Risk acceptance? The risk prioritization process, have decided to ignore some risks in order to concentrate on the more likely or damaging. 38. Define Risk avoidance? The problems with developing software solutions from scratch, managers might decide to retain existing clerical methods, or to buy an off-the-shelf solution. 39. Write the expansion and calculation of RRL? - Risk Reduction Level (RRL) RRL =(RE befor - RE after )/(cost of risk reduction) e 40. Write three estimates for PERT? Most likely time,Optimistic time,Pessimistic time