CHANGES IN REPORTED SPEECH

When we report someone's words we are usually in a place and time and with people different from the place, time and people the speaker was with. So, although we are basically reporting what he/she said we have to do some changes. (It's the same in Spanish!) Look at the tables carefully and fill in the blanks: A. Changes in tenses DIRECT SPEECH Present Simple Past Continuous Past Simple / Past Perfect Present Perfect REPORTED SPEECH EXAMPLE
- "I like tennis" - He said (that) he liked tennis - "Dylan is doing his homework" - He said that Dylan ..................................... - "We opened the meeting at 2 o'clock" - He said they (had) opened the meeting at 2 o'clock - "I have never seen her before" - He said he had never seen her before - " Jo hadn't arrived when I got there" - He said Jo hadn't arrived when he got there

Past Continuous Present Perfect Cont.

Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Conditional Simple

- "Vince was reading a book" - He said Vince ...................................... a book - " It ............................................... for two days" - He said it had been raining for two days - "I will never do that again" - He said he ..................................... that again - "We will be sleeping then" - He said they ........................................ then - "She will have finished by then" - He said she ............................................. by then - "I can speak four languages" - He said she ................. speak four languages

Future Continuous Future Perfect Can Might Must Have to Didn't need to

- "It may rain in the evening" - He said it .................... rain in the evening - "I must go" - He said he must/had to go" - "She has to do a lot of homework" - He said she ............................. a lot of homework - "You ................... get up early today. It's Sunday" - He said she ......................... get up early that day.

Could / Should / Might / - " I couldn't come yesterday" NO CHANGE Would - He said he couldn't come/go the day before * If you are reporting something and you feel that it is still true, you do not need to change the tense of the verb. Ex: Tom said: "New York is bigger than London" Tom said (that) New York is / was bigger than London

B. Changes in time expressions, place and personal reference DIRECT SPEECH today the day before / the previous day last week/month... REPORTED SPEECH EXAMPLE
- "I won't do any work today" - She said she wouldn't do any work .................. - "Jack called ....................." - He said Jack had called the day before - "Louis left his job last month" - He said Louis had left his job ........................... - "Myrna had a baby two weeks ago" - She said Myrna had had a baby two ........................

... ago the following day / the day after next week/month ...

- "I'll bring it back ......................." - He said he would bring it back the following day - "We'll meet at ten next Friday" - He said they would meet at ten the following Friday - "Helen doesn't like living here" - He said Helen didn't like living ................

here

go this / these personal pronouns possessive adj./pronouns depending on the noun referred to

- " ................. and sit near me" - She told her to go and sit near her. - She said she didn't like ................ glasses -" Have you seen my new car?" Jo asked Tim - Jo asked Tim if he had seen her new car

REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS If you want to report a statement you use a "that- clause" after a verb such as say (or tell). Other verbs you can use instead of say are: (See photocopy)
admit agree answer argue claim complain deny explain mention reply

You often omit "that" but not after certain verbs like: answer / argue / explain or reply. You mention the hearer after "to" with:
say admit announce complain mention suggest

You mention the hearer after no preposition * with:

tell inform persuade promise remind

(* These verbs can be used in the passive voice having the indirect object as a subject) Examples: He complained to me that you were rude // He informed her that she was dismissed