TITLE: ANTHROPOMETRY ASSESMENT INTRODUCTION: Anthropometry is the study of the measurement of the human body in terms of the dimensions

of bone, muscle, and adipose (fat) tissue. Measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue are important because individuals with large values are reported to be at increased risks for hypertension, adult-onset diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, gallstones, arthritis, and other disease, and forms of cancer. Combined with the dietary and related questionnaire data, and the biochemical determinations, anthropometry is essential and critical information needed to assist in describing the data collected from persons. This method has been proof to be economical, convenient and non-invasive.

OBJECTIVE: 1. To identify individuals body size.

RESULT:

ANTHROPOMETRY DATA FORM.

Weight (kg) : 53 Height(m) : 157.2 Mid Arm circumference (cm) : 25

Measurement Triceps Biceps Subscapular Suprailiac

1 19.8 22.0 20.4 19.2

2 21.0 19.8 20.2 19.0

3 21.0 23.0 20.4 19.0 Total Log Total(x)

Average 20.6 21.6 20.3 19.1 81.57 1.912

Waist (cm) : 72 Hip (cm) : 93 Waist to hip ratio : 24:31 Knee height (cm) : 47.5 Calf circumference (cm) : 33 Wrist circumference (cm) : 1. 14 2. 14 3. 14 Average:14

From the data

a) Body Mass Index (BMI)

Body Mass Index (BMI) : Weight in kg (W) / [Height in meter (Ht)]

BMI= 53kg/ [1.57] =21.50kg/m

b) Percentage (%) and weight of body fat (kg) Body density (D)

Women : 1.1599-0.0717(x)

D = 1.1599-0.0717(1.912) = 1.0228

Body fat (%): % Fat = - 4.5x 100

% fat = 33.97%

- 4.5x 100

=Moderate (based on Table 2)

c) Lean Body Mass (LBM) and the percentage of lean body mass. Lean Body Mass (LBM) in kg = weight(kg)-body fat(kg) Body fat (%) = 33.97% Body fat (kg) = x 53kg

= 18 kg LBM= 53.0 kg-18kg =35kg Percentage body mass(%) = x100%

=66%

d) Muscle circumference Muscle circumference (MC) = MAC-3.14T

Notes MC = muscle circumference(cm) MAC= mid arm circumference (cm) T=triceps skinfold (cm)

Therefore,

MC= 25cm - 3.14 ( 2.06cm) = 18.53cm

e) Weight and height estimation. Women Height (cm) = (1.83xKH) - ( 0.24 x AGE) + 84.88 Weight (kg) = (1.27x CC) + (0.87x KH) + (0.98xMAC) + (0.4xSS) - 62.35

Height = (1.83x 4.75)- (0.24 x 20) +84.88 = 167cm Weight = (1.27x33) + (0.87x 4.75) + (0.98 x18.53) + (0.4x 20.3) - 62.35 =47.16

Notes,

KH = Knee height AGE = age (years) CC = calf circumference MAC= mid arm circumference SS = subscapular skinfold.

f) Determination of Frame Size (r) Small (r) women >10.9 Average (r) 10.9-9.9 Big(r) <9.9

r= = = 11.23 = small. g) Using formula from FAO/WHO/UNU (1985), estimate the basal metabolic rate.

Sex Women

Age 18-30

Kcal/day 14.70(W) + 496

=14.70(53) + 496 =1275.1 h) The percentage of ideal body weight.

= 99.7 %

DISCUSSION.

Based on the result, the ideal percentage of ideal body weight is 99.7% which is almost 100% ideal body weight. The individual with less than 90% ideal body weight is consider as underweight while, 90-120% is in ideal body weight and greater than 120% is obese. However the most perfect ideal body weight, it must be 100% and the extra is consider the weight that should be give a good attention, since it may lead to obese condition. Since I am a normal in percentage of body weight so, I need to keep it up, and stay like that. Have a meals that have all the nutrient that is needed from the body is important to make sure the body is in ideal body weight. Percentage (%) of body fat of my body is 33.57% which is in the ranges of moderate (30-40%) for women. To be in leans class I must in the range of (20-25%) or to be in moderates class I must be ( 25-30%). The percentage is taken from the density of the body, that used the total average of the measurement of triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiac. Therefore from the part of the measurement, my reading is quite high thats why the percentage of body fat is quite high. Since the range of moderate is just before high (marked) class, I think I should beware, and have some regular exercises besides, control my diet in food. Eating a lot of fat food such as burger, fast food and food that made up of coconut milk as a routine, is not a good thing to do.

High in body fat can appose our body to fatal diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, strokes and others. From this experiment I have obtained 21.50 kg/m of Body Mass Index(BMI) by WHO, which is in the ranges of normal. Normal range indicates 18.5-24.90 kg/m. Body Mass Index(BMI) is a number calculated from a persons weight and height. BMI provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and is used to screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems. BMI, although not a perfect method for judging someones weight, is often a good way to check on a kid growing. Therefore, I have to stay in that mass, to make sure I am not overweight or underweight instead. A good care in taking a healthy and balance diet should be done since, there are a lot of people have a fatal diseases if they are not normal. Heart diseases, stroke, malnutrition may be happened. Next, the frame size that i have obtained from this experiment is small which is 11.21. and this is greater than 10.9 that indicates the ranges for small frame. The frame size can be determine by height and wrist circumference. The sizes are categorized into three categories which is small frame, medium frame and large frame. The reason for this is that obviously bone structures vary in size and density from person to person. Equally obviously men and women have different structures. Its actually depends on the genetic factor that had inherited from the parent, but this frame sizes also can be change due to nutrition factors. If the individual consume a lot of food, then he/she still can change from the small frame size to the large frame size. Therefore, in whatever cases, people must concern about what the food intake and compared with the food output. Frame size is not just important physically, but the large frame size usually have the opportunity to be obese that lead to a lot of illness and dangerous disease. Lastly, for the overall result. For Body Mass Index (BMI) I have obtained 21.5kg/m. Second, for percentage(%) and weight of body fat (kg) are 33.97% and 18kg respectively. Third, for Lean Body Mass (LBM) and the percentage of body mass 35kg and 66%. Fourth, for the muscle circumference, I have obtained 18.53. Next, for weight and height estimation I have obtained167cm and 47.16kg respectively. Then, for determination of frame size I have obtained 11.2 which is indicates small. Lastly, for estimate the basal metabolic rate is 1275.1.

REFERENCES: 1-John Relethford, The Human Species: An introduction to Biological Anthropology, 5th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003). 2-Heather E. Collins-Schramm and others, "Markers that Discriminate Between European and African Ancestry Show Limited Variation Within Africa," Human Genetics 111 (2002): 566-9; Mark D. Shriver and others, "Skin Pigmentation, Biogeographical Ancestry, and Admixture Mapping," Human Genetics 112 (2003): 38799. 3-http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/Reliability_anthro.pdf 4-http://www.thefreedictionary.com/anthropometry 5-http://www.ajcn.org/content/36/4/680.full.pdf