ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

Where did we come from? Where are we going? How do we get there? Professor Thomas W. Eagar Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts

If its green, its BIOLOGY If it stinks, its CHEMISTRY If it doesnt work, its PHYSICS If it works but no one knows why, its ENGINEERING

The scientist explains that which exists; The engineer creates that which never was. Theodore von Karman

Engineer - Noun (from French to contrive)

Builder of military engines Person who designs, invents, or contrives Person who runs or supervises complex technical machinery Person engaged in occupation requiring special skill Person who carries through an enterprise or brings about a result, especially by skillful or artful contrivance Military engineer Schemer Railroad engineer Sanitary engineer

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Engineer - verb

To contrive or plan out usually with more or less subtle skill or craft; to guide the course of: manage or supervise during development

 Ingenieur: from old French engeigneur a war machine All of these words derive from the Latin genius meaning - A divine spirit presiding at birth - A talent, natural gift

 ENGINEERING IS THE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE FOR HUMAN BENEFIT ENGINEERING = PROBLEM SOLVING

Scope of Engineering
If Engineering = Problem Solving Does this mean any problem? or only problems dealing with a technology component

There is with scientific men, a general awakening to fact that the highest destiny of science is not to accumulate the truths of nature in a form no one but the select few can utilize, but that the search for truth can be combined with a judicious attempt to make the truth serve the public good Prof. William H. Walker, 1911

Engineering involves the application of:

Tools What? Scientific and mathematical principles, to the Design, Construction and Operation of - Structures - Equipment, and - Systems, in an - Economic - Efficient - Socially responsible manner

How?

From MIT Committee Report on Hiring and Promotion of Faculty Interested in Big E Engineering, September 15, 1996

The Scope of Engineering

Engineering Science < ==== > Engineering Management

History of Engineering

1802 - West Point Academy - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - military engineers 1824 - Rensselaer School - For the purpose of instructing personsin the application of science to the common purposes of life - First school of Civil Engineering

Engineering Disciplines
1824 1865 1865 1873 1885 1888 1893 1910 1958 1974 Civil Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mining Engineering Metallurgical Engineering Electrical Engineering Chemical Engineering Naval Architecture Aeronautical Engineering Nuclear Engineering Materials Engineering

History of Engineering
1873 - 1917 Harvard tries to purchase MIT three times. Supreme Court of MA says the land grant charter cannot be transferred - Harvard starts their own school of engineering - now the Harvard Business School 1941 - 1945 Science and Engineering help win WWII 1950 Alfred Sloan of General Motors endows the Sloan School of Management - Department of Business and Industrial Management becomes the Sloan School of Management 1957 Russians launch Sputnik - U.S. sees a science/technology gap

Durable Qualities All Engineers Should Have

A good grasp of engineering science fundamentals
Mathematics Physical and life sciences

A good understanding of the design process (i.e. understand engineering) A basic understanding of the context in which engineering is practiced
Economics History Manufacturing Customer needs

Durable Qualities All Engineers Should Have

Good communication skills Written Verbal Graphic Listening An ability to think both critically and creatively independently and cooperatively Flexibility - an ability and the self confidence to adapt to rapid/major change A profound understanding of the importance of teamwork
Source: Boeing

Undergraduate BS Engineering Degrees

Worldwide Total China Russia Japan United States South Korea Germany Mexico India United Kingdom France Total of Top Ten
Prepared from NSF data Table 4-15 by D.T. Moore, OSTP, September 1999

866,771 148,600 131,800 102,951 63,400 41,300 39,800 34,200 29,000 23,300 20,600 634,951

% of BS/BA Degrees 13.8 45.7 32.4 19.6 5.4 21.0 18.7 17.9 28.0 9.3 18.9 73

Undergraduate BS Engineering Degrees (In order of % of Total BS/BA Degrees)

China Russia Slovak Republic Singapore Finland Czech Republic South Korea Columbia Croatia Japan Belgium Worldwide 148,600 131,800 3,624 1,676 3,804 4,338 41,300 11,036 1,549 102,951 2,513 866,711 45.7 32.4 31.1 29.9 25.2 21.5 21.0 20.4 20.2 19.6 19.5 13.8

Too long have our schools of applied science and technology been regarded as affording an inferior substitute for classical colleges. Too long have the graduates of such schools been spoken of as though they had acquired the arts of livelihood at some sacrifice of mental, intellectual culture, and grace of life Francis A. Walker President, MIT, 1891

Masters Degree Comparisons

MS Engineering
Two years Immediately after BS No work experience Paid stipend/tuition $55K starting salary No decision making responsibility

MBA
Two years 2-5 years after BS 2-5 year work experience $60-70K in debt $70-105K starting salary Decision making responsibility

Which of these degrees does society value most highly?

The fundamental problem with Business Schools is that they teach management and not leadership.

A leader seeks to help others; A manager seeks to control others.

LEADERS VS MANAGERS
The Generalstab tried desperately for a hundred years to train up a generation of leaders for the German army; but it never worked, because the men who delighted their superiors, i.e., the managers, got the high commands, while the men who delighted the lower ranks, i.e., the leaders, got reprimands. Hugh W. Nibley

LEADERS VS MANAGERS
Leaders are movers and shakers, original, inventive, unpredictable, imaginative, full of surprises that discomfit the enemy in war and the main office in peace. For the managers are safe, conservative, predictable, conforming organization men and team players, dedicated to the establishment. The leader, for example, has a passion for equality. We think of great generals from David and Alexander on down, sharing their beans or maza with their men, calling them by their first names, marching along with them in the heat, sleeping on the ground, and being first over the wall From Leaders to Managers: The Fatal Shift Hugh W. Nibley

LEADERS VS MANAGERS
For the manager, the idea of equality is repugnant and even counterproductive. When promotion, perks, privilege, and power are the name of the game, awe and reverence for rank is everything, the inspiration and motivation of all good men. Where would management be without the inflexible paper processing, dress standards, attention to proper social, political, and religious affiliation, vigilant watch over habits and attitudes, that gratify the stockholders and satisfy security? Hugh W. Nibley

How can you determine whether you want to work for a company before you even walk through the doorway? Look for the number of assigned spaces in the parking lot.

LEADERS VS MANAGERS
Managers do not promote individuals whose competence might threaten their own position; and so as the power of management spreads ever wider, the quality deteriorates (if that is possible). In short, while management shuns equality, it feeds on mediocrity. On the other hand, leadership is an escape from mediocrity The leader being simply the one who sets the highest example Hugh W. Nibley

LEADERS VS MANAGERS

True leaders are inspiring because they are inspired, caught up in a higher purpose, devoid of personal ambition, idealistic, and incorruptible. Hugh W. Nibley

A LEADER
Gets the Right Things Done Does More Than is Required Balances Professional and Personal Responsibilities Respects the Contributions of Everyone Contributes to the Community Takes Initiative Follows Others When Not Leading

It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things. Machiavelli

The mind is not a receptacle; information is not education. Education is what remains after the information that has been taught has been forgotten. Robert M. Hutchins

Character is the aim of true education

and science, history, and literature are but means used to accomplish this desired end. True education seeks to make men and women not only good mathematicians, proficient linguists, profound scientists, or brilliant literary lights, but also honest people with virtue, temperance, and brotherly love. It seeks to make men and women who prize truth, justice, wisdom, benevolence, and self-control as the choicest acquisitions of a successful life. David O. McKay

Before I came here I was confused about this subject. Having listened to your lecture I am still confused, but on a higher level. Enrico Fermi

The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposed ideas in the mind at the same time, and still retain the ability to function. One should, for example, be able to see that things are hopeless and yet be determined to make them otherwise. F. Scott Fitzgerald

The object of a liberal education is not to teach the young all they will ever need to know. It is to give them the habits, ideas, and techniques that they need to continue to educate themselves. Thus, the object of formal institutional liberal education in youth is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives. Robert M. Hutchins

If you want to be successful professionally, First, learn to do your job in 40 hours per week, and Then, work 80 hours per week.