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Version 6.00.00
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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5. 6. TYPE OF FAULTS.............................................................................................................................3 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................................4 SOURCES IN FAULT ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................6 ANSI/IEEE MULTIPLYING FACTORS (MF) .....................................................................................8 LOCAL AND REMOTE CONTRIBUTIONS .......................................................................................9 STANDARD RATINGS FOR HV AND MV CIRCUIT BREAKERS (CB) .........................................10 STANDARD RATINGS FOR LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS (LV-CBS) ...........................14 STANDARD RATINGS FOR LOW/HIGH VOLTAGE FUSES, AND SWITCHES ...........................16 CALCULATION METHODS AND THE CORRESPONDING TOOLS .............................................19 AC ANSI/IEEE STANDARD - EDSA 2005 SHORT CIRCUIT TOOLS: ..........................................21 AC CLASSICAL SHORT CIRCUIT METHOD: ................................................................................35 AC IEC 60909 SHORT CIRCUIT METHOD:...................................................................................36 AC IEC 61363 SHORT CIRCUIT METHOD:...................................................................................44 AC 1 PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT METHOD:.....................................................................................55 3P, LL, LG, LLG FAULT, CYCLE: ...............................................................................................55 3P, LL, LG, LLG FAULT, 5 CYCLE .................................................................................................56 3P, LL, LG, LLG FAULT, 30 CYCLE: ..............................................................................................57 PHASE FAULT, 30 CYCLE: ............................................................................................................58 PROTECTIVE DEVICE EVALUATION (PDE) TOOL:.....................................................................58 REPORT MANAGER.......................................................................................................................66 SHORT CIRCUIT BACK ANNOTATION .........................................................................................70 MANAGING SCHEDULE IN SHORT CIRCUIT...............................................................................73
THREE-PHASE FAULTS IEC 61363 METHOD......................................................................................95 EDSA 2005 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS INPUT DATA .......................................................................98 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 POWER GRID INPUT DATA...........................................................................................................98 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR SHORT CIRCUIT INPUT DATA.................................................99 INDUCTION MOTOR SHORT CIRCUIT INPUT DATA ..................................................................99 SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR SHORT CIRCUIT INPUT DATA ........................................................100 HIGH VOLTAGE ANSI/IEEE CIRCUIT BREAKER SHORT CIRCUIT INPUT DATA ...................101 LOW VOLTAGE ANSI/IEEE CIRCUIT BREAKER SHORT CIRCUIT INPUT DATA ....................102 LOW VOLTAGE ANSI/IEEE FUSE SHORT CIRCUIT INPUT DATA ...........................................104 THE CALCULATION TOOLS ........................................................................................................106 GRAPHICAL SELECTION OF FAULTED BUS (ANNOTATION).......................................................108 SHORT CIRCUIT ANNOTATION TOOL .......................................................................................110 List of Figures
7.
TUTORIAL: CONDUCTING A THREE-PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY .........................................105 7.1 7.2 7.3
Figure 1: ANSI Device Evaluation, Page 1 .......................................................................................................17 Figure 2: ANSI Device Evaluation, Page 2 .......................................................................................................18
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List of Tables Table 1: Recommended ANSI Source Impedance Multipliers for 1st Cycle and Interrupting Times ...............................................................................................................................7 Table 2: Default Device X/R Values Using EDSAs Library..............................................................................14
Note:
You can view this manual on your CD as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file. The file name is: Short Circuit Analysis Program SC_3Phase05.pdf
You will find the Test/Job files used in this tutorial in the following location: C:\EDSA2005\Samples\3PhaseSC
Test Files:
ANSIYY1, Busfault, EDM5, IEC1-60909, IEC2-60909, IEEE399, IEEEpde, MutualNet, SlidingFault, T123, T123PDE, testma1, Trib, TribNVTAP, UPSexpse, West
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Estimated frequency of occurrence of different kinds of fault in power system is: 3P or 3P-G: L-L: L-L-G: L-G: 8% 12 %; 10 %; 70 %.
Severity of fault:
Normally the three-phase symmetrical short circuit (3P) can be regarded as the most severe condition. There are cases that can lead to single phase fault currents exceeding the three-phase fault currents, however the total energy is less than a three-phase fault. Such cases include faults that are close to the following types of equipment: The wye side of a solidly grounded delta-wye transformer / auto-transformer; The wye-wye solidly grounded side of a three winding transformer with a delta tertiary winding; A synchronous generator solidly connected to ground; The wye side of several wye grounded transformer running in parallel.
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1.2
TERMINOLOGY Arcing Time - the interval of time between the instant of the first initiation of the arc in the protective device and the instant of final arc extinction in all phases; Available Short Circuit Current - the maximum short circuit current that the power system could deliver at a given circuit point assuming negligible short circuit fault impedance; Breaking Current - the current in a pole of a switching device at the instant of arc initiation (pole separation). It is also known as Interrupting Current in ANSI Standards. Close and Latch Duty - the maximum rms value of calculated short circuit current for medium and high-voltage circuit breakers, during the first cycle, with any applicable multipliers with regard to fault current X/R ratio. Often, the close and latching duty calculation is simplified by applying a 1.6 factor to the first cycle symmetrical AC rms short circuit current. Close and latch duty is also called first cycle duty, formerly called momentary duty. Close and Latch Capability - the maximum asymmetrical current capability of a medium or highvoltage circuit breaker to close, and immediately thereafter latch closed, for normal frequency making current. The close and latch asymmetrical rms current capability is 1.6 times the circuit breaker rated maximum symmetrical AC rms interrupting current. Often called first cycle capability. The rms asymmetrical rating was formerly called momentary rating; Contact Parting Time - the interval between the beginning of a specified over current and the instant when the primary arcing contacts have just begun to part in all poles. It is the sum of the relay or release delay and opening time; Crest Current / Peak Current the highest instantaneous current during a period; Fault an abnormal connection , including the arc, of relative low impedance, whether made accidentally or intentionally, between two points of different voltage potentials; Fault Point X/R the calculated fault point reactance to resistance ratio (X/R) ratio. Depending on the Standard, different calculation procedures are used to determine this ratio; First Cycle Duty the maximum value of calculated peak or rms asymmetrical current or symmetrical short circuit current for the first cycle with any applicable multipliers for fault current X/R ratio; First Cycle Rating the maximum specified rms asymmetrical or symmetrical peak current capability of a piece of equipment during the first cycle of a fault; Interrupting Current the current in a pole of a switching device at the instant of arc initiation. Sometime referred to as Breaking Current, I b , IEC60909; Making Current the current in a pole of a switching device at the instant the device closes and latches into a fault; Momentary Current Rating the maximum available first cycle rms asymmetrical current which the device or assembly is required to withstand. It was used on medium and high-voltage circuit breakers manufactured before 1965; present terminology: Close and Latch Capability;
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Minimum time delay t min is the shortest possible time interval between the occurrence of the short circuit and the first contact separation of one pole of the switching device; Dynamic stress is the effect of electromechanical forces during the short circuit conditions; Thermal stress is the effect of electrical heating during the short circuit conditions; Direct earthling / effective earthling is the direct earthling of the neutral points of the power transformers; Short circuit earth current is the short circuit current, or part of it, that flows back to the system through the earth; Equivalent generator is a generator that can be considered as equivalent to a number of generators feeding into a given system.
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1.3
SOURCES IN FAULT ANALYSIS Power utilities, all rotating electric machinery and regenerative drives are sources in fault calculation.
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Table 1: Recommended ANSI Source Impedance Multipliers for 1st Cycle and Interrupting Times Source Type 1/2-Cycle Calculations
" s
Reference
Remote Utility (equivalent) Local Generator Synchronous Motor Large Induction Motors: > 1000 HP or 250 HP and 2 poles Medium Induction Motors 50 to 249 HP or 250 to 1000 HP <2poles Small Induction Motors < 50 HP Harmonic Filters
Zs
Z
" dv
"
" dv
" Z dv
1.5* Z dv
"
Z"
1.5* Z
ANSI C37.010
1.2* Z
"
3* Z
"
1.67* Z
"
Z% =
Xd =
1 LRC
Z s"
' Z dv
Infinite impedance
Xd
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1.4
ANSI/IEEE MULTIPLYING FACTORS (MF) The short circuit waveform for a balanced three-phase fault at the terminal bus of a machine is generally asymmetrical and is composed of a unidirectional DC component and a symmetrical AC component. The DC component decays to zero, and the amplitude of the symmetrical AC component decays to constant amplitude in the steady-state If the envelops of the positive and negative peaks of the current waveform are symmetrical around zero axis, they are called Symmetrical. If the envelops of the positive and negative peaks current are not symmetrical around the zero axis, they are called Asymmetrical. If the DC fault component is not considered in the fault current, the fault current has the AC component only, and it is symmetrical; if DC fault component is considered, then the fault current is asymmetrical and is called asymmetrical or total fault current. The multiplying factors MF converts the rms value of the symmetrical AC component into asymmetrical rms current or short circuit current duty. The MF is calculated based on the X/R ratio and the instant of time that the fault current happens. The X/R ratio for ANSI breaker duties is calculated from separate R and X networks.
First Cycle (Asymmetrical) Total Short Circuit Current MF (Circuit Duty): Is defined as:
MFm = 1 + 2e
For: X/R = 25, the MFm is equal to 1.6.
2 X R
Note: In the short circuit option tab Control for ANSI/IEEE the user has the option to calculate MFm based on X/R or use MFm=1.6
MFPeak = 2 (1 + e
where is the instant of time when fault occurs, X/R for ANSI breaker duties are calculated from separate R and X network. For:
Note: In the short circuit option tab Control for ANSI/IEEE the user has the option to calculate MFpeak based on X/R or use MFpeak= 2.7
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1.5
LOCAL AND REMOTE CONTRIBUTIONS The magnitude of the symmetrical current (AC component) from remote sources remain essentially constant No AC Decay (NACD) at its initial value or it may reduce with time toward a residual AC current magnitude (ACD). If the fault is close to generator, then the AC component decays (ACD). In other words, when generator is local or close to the faulted point the short circuit current decays faster. If the generator is remote from the faulted point, the ac short circuit current decay will be slow and a conservative simplification is to assume that there is no AC decay (NACD) in the symmetrical AC component. Per ANSI Standards: A generator is a LOCAL SOURCE of the short circuit current if: The per unit reactance external to the generator is less than 1.5 times the generator per-unit sub transient reactance on a common system base MVA. Its contribution to the total symmetrical rms Amperes will be greater than where the bus. A generator is a REMOTE SOURCE of a short circuit current if: The per unit reactance external to the generator is equal to or exceeds 1.5 times the generator per unit sub transient reactance on a common system base MVA.
0.4 *
EG , " Xd
EG is the generator short circuit current for a three-phase fault at its terminal " Xd
Its location from the fault is two or more transformations or Its contribution to the total symmetrical rms Amperes is less than or equal to
0.4 *
EG , " Xd
where the
EG is the generator short circuit current for a three-phase fault at its terminal bus. " Xd
The ANSI Standards provide multiplying factors (MF) based X/R ratio for three-phase faults and line-to-ground faults fed predominantly from generators and MF for faults fed predominantly from remote sources.
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No AC decay (NACD) Ratio The Total Short circuit Current is equal to:
NACD =
I Re mote I Total
When all contributions are remote, or when there is no generator, then When all contributions are local, then NACD = 0
NACD = 1
2. 2.1
ANSI/IEEE STANDARD BASED DEVICE EVALUATION STANDARD RATINGS FOR HV AND MV CIRCUIT BREAKERS (CB) The ANSI/IEEE Standards define the CB total interrupting time in cycles. However, the Contact Parting Time (CPT) needs to be known for application of breakers. The typical total rated interrupting time for Medium-Voltage Circuit Breakers is 5 cycles (ANSI C37.06 1987). However, the MV CBs interrupting time correspond to 3 cycle contact parting time for the short circuit current, in the 2 -8 cycle network.
S is the breakers asymmetrical capability factor and is determined based on the rating structure to which the breaker was manufactured. Most breakers manufactured after 1964 are breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis. Those manufactured before 1965 were rated on a total current basis. Both the symmetrical and total current rated breakers have some DC interrupting capability included in their ratings and it is a matter of how it is accounted for in the total interrupting current. Note: For circuit breakers rated on Total Current S=1.0 Medium voltage breakers duty is based on: 1. Momentary rating (C&L) 2. Peak (Crest) 3. Interrupting The Momentary and Peak formulae apply to both breakers symmetrical and total current rated breakers. The interrupting rating is calculated differently based on the formulae shown in the next sections.
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Momentary Duty Calculation (C & L): The CB Closing and Latching Capability defines the CB ability to withstand (close and immediately latch) the maximum value of the first-cycle short circuit current. The closing and latching capability of a symmetrical current-rated CB is expressed in terms of Asymmetrical, Total rms current, or peak current. EDSA uses the following steps to calculate the circuit breaker momentary duty: 1. 2. Calculate the cycle symmetrical short circuit (Isym,rms). Calculate asymmetrical current value using the following formula: Imom,rms,asym = MFm*Isym,rms, where:
MFm =
-2 X/R 1 + 2e
(EQ 1)
Note: In the short circuit option tab Control for ANSI/IEEE the user has the option to calculate MFm based on X/R or use MFm=1.6 3. Compare Imom,rms,asym against the medium voltage circuit breaker (C&L,rms ) value: If Device C&L,rms rating Imom,rms,asym, then the device Pass or otherwise it fails 4. Calculate the % Rating = (Imom,rms,asym*100)/Device C&L,rms rating
Peak Duty calculation (Crest): 1. Calculate the cycle interrupting short circuit (Isym,rms). 2. Calculate the peak value of momentary SC using the following formula: Imom,peak = MFp*Isym,rms where:
-2 X /R
MFp = (1 + e
and
) 2
( EQ 2)
= 0.49 - 0.1* e
-X/R 3
Note: In the short circuit option tab Control for ANSI/IEEE the user has the option to calculate MFpeak based on X/R or use MFpeak= 2.7
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Interrupting Duty Calculation The Maximum Symmetrical Interrupting Capability for a Symmetrical Current-Rated CB is the maximum rms current of the symmetrical AC and DC component, which the CB can interrupt regardless of how low the operating voltage is. The interrupting fault currents for the MV & HV circuit breakers is equal to 1.5-4 cycles short circuit current. For a system other than of 60 Hz adjust the calculated X/R as follows:
( X / R) mod =
The following steps are used to calculate the circuit breaker interrupting. There are three options: 1. 2. 3. All Remote i.e. NACD =1.0. This is the most conservative solution; All Local; i.e. NACD =0 Adjusted, this is based on actual calculations.
Determine if the generator is Local or Remote; Calculate total remote contribution, total local contribution, then the NACD (the current is obtained by using the (1.5-4) cycle network impedance Calculate NACD (No AC Decrement) ratio
NACD = Iremote (Itotal - Ilocal) Itotal (Iremote + Ilocal) (EQ - 3)
4.
Calculate the Multiplying factor based on the fault location (MFr, or MFl) Remote If Generator current contribution to fault is less than 40% of a generator terminal fault then this generator is Remote, or equivalent impedance to generation terminals is > 1.5 times the Generator Zdv. For remote fault the multiplying factor is MFr:
-4 C
MFr =
1 + 2e X / R S
( EQ 4)
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Local For any local fault the multiplying factor MFl is calculated using the following formula within EDSA or look up tables. The equations are not given in ANSI C37.101, but are empirical equations to match the curves within the ANSI breaker standard.
-4
MFl =
where: CPT 1.5 2 3 4
K 2 + 2e X / R S
( EQ 5)
K= 1.0278 - 0.004288(X/R) + 0.00002945(X/R)2 - 0.000000068368(X/R)3 1.0604 - 0.007473(X/R) + 0.00006253(X/R)2 - 0.0000002427(X/R)3 1.0494 - 0.00833(X/R) + 0.00006919(X/R)2 - 0.000000075638(X/R)3 1.0370 - 0.008148(X/R) + 0.0000611(X/R)2 - 0.0000002248(X/R)3 The Adjusted Multiplying Factor (AMFi) is equal to: AMFi = MFl +NACD (MFr-MFl) If AMFi is less than 1.0 then the program uses 1.0 (EQ-6)
5.
Calculate Iint, All Remote: All Local: Mixed local and remote: Iint = MFr*Iint,rms,sym Iint = MFl*Iint,rms,sym Iint = AMFi*Iint,rms,sym
6.
Calculate 3 phase Device Duty by adjusting the device interrupting duty based on rated voltage using the following formula:
3P Device Duty = Min ( Device Int Rating * Rated Max kV * Device Max Int Rating) Operating Voltage kV (EQ - 6a)
Compare Iint against the CB 3P Device Duty. If 3P Device Duty Iint, then the device Passes, otherwise it Fails. Calculate % rating = (Iint *100)/ (3P Device Duty)
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2.2
STANDARD RATINGS FOR LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS (LV-CBS) For Low-Voltage CBs (LV-CBs) the time of short circuit current interruption occurs within the sub transient time interval. However, the interrupting capabilities of unfused LV-CBs are sensitive to the maximum peak magnitude of the total /asymmetrical fault current. If the device library does not have a value for X/R then the following default values are used as default by the EDSA program:
Table 2: Default Device X/R Values Using EDSAs Library Breaker Type Unfused Power Circuit (PCB) Breaker Fused Power Circuit Breaker, MCCB, ICCB (Insulated Case CB) Molded Case (MCCB), ICCB rated 10,000A Molded Case MCCB), ICCB rated 10,001-20,000 A Molded Case (MCCB), ICCB rated > 20,000 A Test %PF 15 20 50 30 20 Test X/R 6.59 4.9 1.73 3.18 4.90
The following steps are used to calculate the low voltage circuit breaker interrupting: 1. Calculate the cycle interrupting short circuit (Isym,rms). 2. Calculate Low Voltage Multiplying Factor (LVF) PCB: Power Circuit Breaker ICCB: Insulated Case Circuit Breaker Fused PCB / MCCB / ICCB
(1 + 2e (1 + 2e
2 Calc X/R 2 Test X/R
LVFasym =
) )
( EQ 7)
LVFp=
(1 + e
2 X/Rcalc ) 2T X/Rtest )
(EQ 8)
(1 + e
Where
and T=
- X/Rtest 0.49 - 0.1e 3
In Options of the short circuit Tab Control for ANSI/IEEE , the user can select to use
=T = 0.5 instead of using the empirical formula by selecting Applies 0.5 Cycles.
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Unfused PCB without Instantaneous setting If the breaker does not have an instantaneous setting then the breaker has two interrupting rating (peak and asymmetrical). Therefore the LVFp and LVFasym are calculated.
(1 + 2e (1 + 2e
4t X/Rcalc 4t X/Rtest
LVFasym =
) )
( EQ 9)
Where t is the breaker minimum short time trip in cycles at interrupting duty. The default value used by EDSA is 3 cycles. The peak interrupting rating is calculated as follows:
2 X/Rcalc ) 2T X/Rtest )
LVFp=
(1+ e
(EQ 8)
(1 + e
Where
3. If any of the LVF is less than 1.0 then uses 1.0 4. Calculate adjusted Interrupting factor Fused Breakers Iint,adj = LVFasym* Isym,rms (the 3-8 cycle interrupting short circuit) Unfused Breakers With Inst Iint,adj = LVFp* Isym,rms (the cycle interrupting short circuit) Unfused Breakers Without Inst Iint,adj = LVFasym* Isym,rms (the 3-8 cycle interrupting short circuit) Iint,adj = LVFp* Isym,rms (the cycle interrupting short circuit) 5. Compare Iint,adj against the CB symmetrical interrupting rating. If Device Symmetrical rating Iint,adj, then the device passes, or otherwise it fails 6. Calculate The % rating = (Iint,adj*100)/Device Symmetrical rating
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2.3
STANDARD RATINGS FOR LOW/HIGH VOLTAGE FUSES, AND SWITCHES The LVFs interrupting capability is the maximum symmetrical rms current which the fuse can interrupt and still remain intact. While the fuse has a symmetrical current rating it can also interrupt the DC component up to a value based on its test X/R ratio. The interrupting capabilities of LV-Fs are classified by the UL according to symmetrical current ratings in rms Amperes. In some rare cases the fuse asymmetrical rating is provided. Evaluation procedure: 1. Calculate the cycle interrupting short circuit (Isym,rms). 2. Calculate Iasym: Iasym,adj = MFasym*Isym(1/2 Cyc)
If the fuse is symmetrical rated, then MFasym is calculated using the following formula:
MFasym = (1 + 2e
2 X/R
(EQ 1)
If the fuse is asymmetrical rated, then MFasym is calculated using the following formula:
(1 + 2e (1 + 2e
2 Calc X/R 2 Test X/R
MFasym =
) )
( EQ 10)
3. Compare Iasym,adj against the fuse symmetrical interrupting rating. If Device Symmetrical rating Iasym,adj, then the device Pass otherwise it Fails 4. Calculate The % rating = (Iasym,adj*100)/Device Symmetrical rating. For standard switches the same formulae are used
Note:
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Fuses/ Switches
LVCB
Fuse / Switch Symmetrical Rating, selected: Calculate MF based on EQ-1 Fuse / Switch Asymmetrical Rating selected: Calculate MF based on EQ-10
CB X/R is known?
CB X/R is known?
NO
The X/R is equal to: PCB, ICCB = 6.59 MCCB, ICCB rated <=10,000 A MCCB, ICCB rated 10,001-20,000A MCCB, ICCB rated > 20,000 A = 1.73 = 3.18 = 4.9 PCB, MCCB, ICCB = 4.9
YES
Calculate LVF based on EQ-8 for PCB breaker with Instantaneous Setting, MCCB and ICCB. For PCB without instantaneous use EQ-8 & EQ-9
Go to Page 2
NO
Yes
MCCB/ICCB/PCBWith Instantaneous : Iint,adj =LVF*Isym,rms PCB Without Instantaneous: Iint,adj =LVFp*Isym,rms( Cyc) int,adj =LVFasym*Isym,rms(3-8 Cyc)
NO
Yes
Fail
Pass
Fail
Pass
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Interrupting Duty
NO
Calculate: Total Remote Contribution Total Local contribution Total Contribution (Iint,rms,sym) NACD using (EQ-3) If NACD=0 then all contribution are Local If NACD=1 then all contribution are Remote
MFp = 2.7
MFm = 1.6
ALL Remote
All Local
Calculate Imom,peak=MFp*Isym,rms
Calculate Imom,asym=MFm*Isym,rms
Calculate: NACD using EQ-3 MFr using EQ-4 MFl using EQ-5 AMFi = using EQ-6. If AMFl less than 1 use 1.0 Iint = AMFi*Iint,rms,sym/S
Fail
Pass
NO
Yes
NO
Yes
Fail
Pass
Fail
Pass
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3. 3.1
EDSA SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATION METHOD CALCULATION METHODS AND THE CORRESPONDING TOOLS In order to launch EDSA Short Circuit program, click the short circuit icon as presented below:
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EDSA provides several short circuit calculation methods based on the ANSI/IEEE Stds. and the IEC Standards, for both AC three-phase and single-phase networks. The following short circuit calculation methods are implemented:
AC ANSI/IEEE (separate R and X, as per ANSI/IEEE Standard); AC Classical, (Z complex method, X/R from the complex Z); AC IEC 60909; AC IEC 61363; AC 1 Phase
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3.2
EDSA 2005 Short Circuit Program: Short Circuit Tools The Short Circuit tools are presented in the Figure above, and are listed below: Short Circuit Options 3 Phase Fault, 30 Cycle 3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, 1/2 Cycle 3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, 5 Cycle 3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, 30 Cycle Protective Device Evaluation Report Manager Short Circuit Back Annotation
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The Short Circuit Analysis Basic Option Icon: Short Circuit Analysis Option has two tabs:
Calculation Tab, with the same fields for: AC ANSI/IEEE, AC Classical, AC IEC 60909, AC IEC 61363 and AC 1Phase calculation. For this release, by using AC 1 Phase, faults can be performed only at all buses: Control Tab: this tab depends on the short circuit method the user selects.
Click on this icon to launch the Short Circuit Analysis Basic Option: The Short Circuit Option Dialog Window is opened and presented in the Figure below.
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Base voltage: Adjusted by tap/turn ratio if power transformer running off nominal taps, or system voltage; Prefault voltage to be used in fault calculation: system voltage, load flow calculated voltage or actual / name plate voltage; Default output: Annotation, report or none; Contribution level: levels away from the fault location for output (to the screen or fault report; when selecting contribution levels of n buses away, depending on the number of faulted buses, the calculated results are displayed on the one-line diagram and printed in the output report; Fault impedance, only if the fault is at one bus only; Fault location: selected buses, all buses, sliding fault or series fault; (Sliding and series fault does not apply to IEC61363 or AC 1phase calculation) Miscellaneous options: use only X to calculate the faults, and apply phase shift; Duty type for PDE based on: maximum branch fault flow or total bus fault current. Use the Schedule option to run schedules.
Fault Location
Fault at one or more buses in the same run; Fault at all system buses, when the buses are faulted individually, not simultaneously. Depending on the specified fault type, the program will place a three-phase, line-toground, line-to-line, and line-to-line-to-ground fault at each bus which is faulted for short circuit studies.
Selection of One Bus: The Bus can be selected: Graphically on the drawing, by a simple click on the desired bus, or; Highlight the bus ID in the Short Circuit Option and then click on the Add button; the selected bus will be transferred to the Selected Buses list. To remove a bus from the Selected Buses list highlight the bus ID and click on Remove button. The highlighted bus will be transferred to the All Buses list. If One Bus is selected, then any fault type at that bus is calculated, branch contribution to that fault, bus post-fault voltage and fault summary are generated. Selecting More Than One Bus:
Graphically on the drawing space: click onto the desired first bus, then hold down the shift key; while the shift key is being held down, select each bus individually; Menu Driven: highlight the desired bus ID in the Short Circuit Option and then click on the Add; the selected buses will be transferred to the Selected Buses list. To remove a bus or several buses from the Selected Buses List highlight the bus ID and click on Remove button. The highlighted bus/buses will be transferred to the All Buses List.
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Faults at All Buses, are faulted individually, not simultaneously. Depending on the specified fault type, the program will place a three-phase, line-to-ground, line-to-line, and line-to-line-to-ground fault at all buses which are faulted for short circuit studies; On the drawing are displayed: Symmetrical rms, DC rms, Asymmetrical rms, IPeak instantaneous value, as per user selection in the Short Circuit Back Annotation. All buses are colored in Red.
The Short Circuit Report will provide: Bus Fault Current (3P, L-L, L-L-G, L-G, depending on the user selection); Branch currents (3P, L-L, L-L-G, L-G, depending on the user selection); Short Circuit multiplying Factors; Fault Summary;
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Sliding Fault: The EDSA short circuit program can simulate a fault along a feeder/cable/transmission line. Using this option eliminates the need to create a dummy bus at a location along the feeder. The figure below shows examples of evenly spaced sliding faults (F1, F2, F3, and F4) and single point sliding fault and a specific location (F).
From Bus F1 F F2 F3 F4
To Bus
to open the Short Circuit Option dialog window. Click on this button In the Calculation Tab, select Sliding Fault.
Selecting a Feeder / Branch: Highlight the desired Feeder/Cable in the All Feeders and Cables Box and then click on the Add button; the selected Feeder/Cable will be transferred to the Selected Feeders and Cables Box.
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The program allows the user to introduce the Fault position on the selected Feeder: Any Position away From Bus or select the Number of Fault Spots evenly spaced alongside the selected feeder. The program automatically divides the feeder/line into as many equidistant segments and fault currents are calculated for each intermediate points. Contributions from both ends of the feeder/line for each fault location as well as the voltages at the faulted location and at both ends are also reported. In case only one fault location is selected, then the exact fault location (i.e. 300 Feet down from sending end) should be specified. Fault type: 3-Phase Fault; Line-to-line fault; Line-to-ground fault; Double-Line-to-Ground fault. Units: For fault Current: Amps or KiloAmps, with the user defined decimal places; For Capacity: KVA or MVA, with the user defined decimal places; For Bus Voltages: volts or kiloVolts, with the user-defined decimal places. Per Unit MF, %X/R: with the user-defined decimal places.
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: : : :
3C 12 3C 150
->12
0 0 300
Thevenin Imped. Complex Pre-Flt 3P Flt. LL Flt. LG Flt. LLG Flt --------------- -----Bus Name V A A A A Z+(pu) Zo(pu) 3P X/R ------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------Fault Spot--480 31748 27494 29176 31828 3.7886 4.8206 3.0819 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Branch Report for Sliding Fault Branch Results: 0.5 Cycle--Symmetrical--3P/LG Faults ---------------------------------------------------------------Fault Feeder From Bus To Bus Fault Spot System Volt: Fault Type Spot RMS( Spot X/R : : : : 480 : ): : 3C 3C 12 150 V 3-phase 31748 3.08 ->12 Fault R(Ohms) : Fault X(Ohms) : Length(Feet) : 0 0 300
Feet away from 'From Bus' Base Volt: 480 L-G 29176 V L-L-G 31828 Prefault Volt: 480 V
L-L 27494
* Stands for the Low or Mid. voltage side of a transformer or To Bus --> Fault Spot for Sliding Fault Feeder. 3-Phase Fault Line-Ground Fault Thevenin --------------- ------------------------------- --------------From Bus (A) From Bus (A) Impedance Branch Name V Ia Va Vb Ia 3Io Z+(pu) Zo(pu) ------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------3B ->11 0 0 0 3C ->12 28.8 29373 38.6 98.2 27050 27163 2.9297 2.5561 3C ->12 * 2.4 2426 3.1 100.4 2194 2135 3.7253 4.6677
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Series Fault: Series fault types (one phase open, two phases open, and unequal series impedances) with or without neutral unbalance are supported in the EDSAs short circuit program. The series fault types are shown in the below figure. It should be noted that series faults are meaningful only if pre-fault load has been taken into account (i.e. load flow solution is considered). For series faults, the equivalent voltage at the opening point is computed from the pre-fault system current at the unbalance point. The default fault impedances Za, Zb, and Zn are:
For one phase open (phase A), Default values: Zb=Zn=0.0 +j0.0 For two phases open (phases B and C) Default values: Za=Zn=0.0+j0.0 For Series Unbalance (phases A, B, and C) Default values: Za=Zb=Zn=0.0+j0.0
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Select the feeder / branch: 1. Highlight the desired feeder / cable in the All feeders and Cables box and then 2. Click on the Add button. The selected feeder / cable will be transferred to the Selected feeders box as is presented below:
To remove a feeder / cable from the Selected feeders highlight the feeder/cable and click Remove button. The highlighted feeder/cable will be transferred to the All feeders and Cables box. For series fault, only one feeder can be selected at a time. 3. Click OK.
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The program allows the user to select: one phase (one phase open); two phases open; unbalanced series fault. At the fault (opening location) the user can select the fault impedance in ohms. Units: For current: Amps or KiloAmps; For capacity: KVA or MVA; For voltages: volts or Kilo Volts.
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Base MVA System Frequence(Hz) # of Total Buses # of Active Buses # of Total Branches # of Active Sources # of Active Motors # of Active Shunts # of Transformers Reference Temperature(C) Impedance Displaying Temperature(C)
: : : : : : : : : : :
Calculating Series Fault Classical Calculation Complex Z for X/R and Fault Current Transformer Phase Shift is not considered. Base Voltages : Use System Voltages Prefault Voltages : Use Load Flow Results -----------------------------------Feeder/Cable Series Fault Report -----------------------------------Fault Feeder : 3C ->12
Prefault Voltage System Base -------------------------Bus Bus Name kV kV kV % Degree ----- ------------------------ -------- -------- -------- -------- -------From 04 0.48 0.48 0.48 100.03 0.00 To 12 0.48 0.48 0.48 99.94 -0.0 Fault Impedance(Ohms) : Za = Zb = Zc = Zn = Fault Current Direction : 0 +j 0 +j 0 +j 0 0 0
---- One Phase Open -----Item Phase A Phase B Phase C ----- -------- -------- -------Magn. 0 95 94 Angle 0 -122 109.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Control Tab: AC ANSI/IEEE Standard: The AC ANSI/IEEE method is based on a separate R and X matrix method:
Fault current multiplying factors allow the user to set up a marginal coefficient while fault calculations are performed. The tab provides also information on ANSI Standard impedances first cycle and interrupting cycles: 2-8 cycles as per ANSI/IEEE Std. For calculating the MF the user can select: Based on X/R using the equations in section 2.0 Or regardless of the X/R value, the MF is fixed In calculating the MF the user can also select to use: Empirical value for ; Or = T = 0.5.
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3.3
AC CLASSICAL SHORT CIRCUIT METHOD: The AC Classical is based on the Complex E/Z calculation method and the X/R ratio is extracted from the complex impedance matrix (X/R). The Calculation Tab is the same as in AC ANSI/IEEE Standard and provides the same options.
Fault Current Multiplying Factors allow the user to set up a marginal coefficient while fault calculations are performed. The user can also select the Machine Current Decay, in cycles.
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3.4
The AC IEC 909 EDSA Short Circuit program tools are shown below.
Options;
3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, Initial Symmetrical Short Circuit Current;
3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, 1 cycle Breaking; 3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, 3 cycles Breaking;
3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, Steady Sym. SC current; Protective Device Evaluation (the program is being developed);
Report Manager;
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Back Annotation. The method is based on IEC60909 Standard. The Calculation Tab is similar to the AC ANSI/IEEE Standard and provides the same options. The user can select the calculation based on: 1988 Version or 2001 Version
While in the IEC 60909 standard, the control tab allows the user to select: Fault Current Multiplying Factors; The method which is employed in calculating the Peak Current (method A, B, C or EDSA Thevenin). Also, as per IEC 60909 standard, the user can select: System Voltage; IEC maximum Voltage; IEC minimum Voltage.
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Method A: uniform ratio R/X. The smallest X/R ratio determines the k factor; Method B: applies to the calculation of peak current in mesh networks X=1.15 multiplied by the Xb. Xb from Fig.8 page 47 IEC 60909 Std.; Method C: applies to the calculation of peak current in mesh networks; The value of X is calculated from Fig. 8, IEC 60909 and depends on X/R ratio of the network; EDSA Thevenin: X is calculated from the Thevenin equivalent.
This field should be selected by the user when calculating the initial short circuit current in systems fed directly from generators without unit transformers. This is the situation when the user calculates the short circuit current at generator terminal.
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KG =
Where:
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2.
The EDSA user should check the above field if the short circuit occurs from a network transformer. A network transformer (see the figure capture below) is when a transformer is connecting two or more networks at different voltages (IEC Std.). For two-winding transformers with and without on-load tap-changer, an impedance correction factor KT is to be introduced in addition to the impedance evaluated according to IEC (equation (7) to (9)).
K T = 0.95
cmax 1 + 0.6 X T
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X T is the relative reactance of the transformer and cmax is from table 1 is related to the nominal
voltage of the network connected to the low-voltage side of the network transformer. This correction factor shall not be introduced for unit transformers of power station units (IEC, see 3.7). This factor is active only if the user selects the filed Network Transformer (used in IEC 60909 method) in the transformer editor, as presented below:
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3.
If the user selects this field, then EDSA adjusts Z T by using actual transformer tap. In this situation the program consider the transformer impedance as a function of the transformer tap position.
If the user select the 1988 IEC 60909 version then the c factor values are provided by the program, as follows:
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cmax
Standard: Above 1000 V: Low Voltage networks: 230/400V, 3P3W Other voltage levels, 3P3W Low voltage networks: 230/400V, 3P4W Other voltage levels, 3P4W 1.1 1.05 1.05 1 1.05
cmin
1 1 1 0.95 1
User Defined: Above 1000 V: Low voltage networks: 230/400V, 3P3W/4W Other voltage levels 3P3W/4W
If the user select the 2001 IEC 60909 version then the c factor values are provided by the program, as follows:
cmax
Standard: Above 1000 V: A Other User Defined: Above 1000 V: Other 1.1 1.05
cmin
1 0.95
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3.5
AC IEC 61363 SHORT CIRCUIT METHOD: IEC 61363 Standard calculates the short circuit instantaneous current as a function of time and displays its instantaneous values. The method provides an accurate evaluation of the short circuit current for sizing protective devices and coordinating relays for isolated systems (off-shore platforms and ships electrical design). The machines sub transient reactance and time constants are used by this method. The Calculation Tab is similar to the AC ANSI/IEEE Standard and provides the same options.
EDSA AC IEC 363 Short Circuit program tools are shown below:
3 Phase, 30 Cycles;
Report Manager;
Back Annotation.
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Report Manager:
As can be seen from the window dialog above, the Short Circuit Report can be:
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Detailed Fault Report: If Detailed fault report is launched, the following dialog window is displayed:
Select the items be displayed in the Report. Detailed Fault Report displays: Td DC Time constant, in seconds; Iac Short circuit AC symmetrical component, rms value; Idc Short circuit DC component; Ienv- Short circuit envelope;
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The work is identical with that presented for AC ANSI standards. In order to display the Report of Short Circuit Results varying with time, the following steps need to follow: Step1: select the bus: bus 18; Step2: launch the short Circuit program, by clicking the program icon Step3: click the Report Manager icon The following window is displayed: or ;
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icon Report of Short Circuit Results varying with time. The following Step4: click graphs are displayed:
The displayed graph components are user defined. However, the user can select the Short Circuit Current to be displayed such as:
Idc dc component of SC Current; iac instantaneous ac component; Ienv Upper Envelop of Sc current; i - Instantaneous total short circuit current; Im magnitude of ac component.
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3.6
AC 1 PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT METHOD: The AC 1 Phase Method is based on the Complex E/Z calculation method and the X/R ratio is extracted from the complex impedance matrix (X/R). The Calculation Tab is the same as in AC ANSI/IEEE Standard and provides the same options.
4. 4.1
MANAGING THE EDSA SHORT CIRCUIT PROGRAM 3P, LL, LG, LLG FAULT, CYCLE: to perform three-phase, line-to-line, line-to-ground, line-to-line-toClick on this button ground fault studies per ANSI/IEEE or IEC 60909 Standard as per user selected fault calculation method. The rms short circuit currents values at 1/2 Cycle are calculated at a selected bus/buses or at all buses as per user bus selection (on the short circuit options dialog or directly onto the drawing). The positive, negative, and zero sequence sub-transient reactance X are used in modeling both the generators and motors. Motors are normally not grounded and therefore the grounding option should be none. Notes: In all the unbalanced fault calculations it is assumed that the negative sequence impedance of a machine is equal to its positive sequence impedance Generator, motor, and transformer grounding types and winding connections are taken into consideration while building up the system positive, negative, and zero sequence networks. The Results are listed in the Partial Text Report, as presented below:
EDSA 3-Phase Short Circuit v6.00.00 Project No. : Page : 2 Project Name: Date : 12/1/2006 Title : Time : 03:18:12 am Drawing No. : Company : Revision No.: Engineer: Jobfile Name: T123PDE Check by: Scenario : 1 : mode1 Date : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical One-Line 3-Phase Network for ANSI PDE
Thevenin Imped. ANSI Pre-Flt 3P Flt. LL Flt. LG Flt. LLG Flt --------------- -----Bus Name kV KA KA KA KA Z+(pu) Zo(pu) 3P X/R ------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -----MAINBUS 0.48 31.82 27.55 34.47 33.53 3.7805 2.9070 5.6944 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.2
3P, LL, LG, LLG FAULT, 5 CYCLE to perform three-phase, line-to-line, line-to-ground, line-to-line-toClick on this button ground fault studies per ANSI/IEEE standards or IEC 60909 as per user selected fault calculation method. The rms short circuit currents values at 5 Cycle are calculated at a selected Bus/Buses or at All Buses as per user bus selection (on the short circuit options dialog or directly onto the drawing). Follow the steps presented above at 3P, LL, LG, LLG fault at Cycle. Notes:
The positive, negative, and zero sequence sub-transient reactance is used for modeling both the Generators and motors; In all the unbalanced fault calculations it is assumed that the negative sequence impedance of a machine is equal to its positive sequence impedance. Generator, motor, and transformer grounding types and winding connections are taken into consideration while building up the system positive, negative, and zero sequence networks.
The Results are listed in the Partial Text Report, as presented below:
EDSA 3-Phase Short Circuit v6.00.00 Project No. : Page : 2 Project Name: Date : 12/1/2006 Title : Time : 03:22:21 am Drawing No. : Company : Revision No.: Engineer: Jobfile Name: T123PDE Check by: Scenario : 1 : mode1 Date : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical One-Line 3-Phase Network for ANSI PDE
Thevenin Imped. ANSI Pre-Flt 3P Flt. LL Flt. LG Flt. LLG Flt --------------- -----Bus Name kV KA KA KA KA Z+(pu) Zo(pu) 3P X/R ------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -----MAINBUS 0.48 30.03 26.01 33.05 31.99 4.0055 2.9070 5.6944 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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It is assumed that the negative sequence impedance of a machine is equal to its positive sequence impedance in all the unbalanced fault calculations. Generators are modeled by their positive, negative, and zero sequence reactance; Short circuit current contributions from motors are ignored. Generator, motor, and transformer grounding types and winding connections are taken into consideration while building up the system positive, negative, and zero sequence networks.
The Results are listed in the Partial Text Report, as presented below:
EDSA 3-Phase Short Circuit v6.00.00 Project No. : Page : 2 Project Name: Date : 12/1/2006 Title : Time : 03:23:48 am Drawing No. : Company : Revision No.: Engineer: Jobfile Name: T123PDE Check by: Scenario : 1 : mode1 Date : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical One-Line 3-Phase Network for ANSI PDE
Thevenin Imped. ANSI Pre-Flt 3P Flt. LL Flt. LG Flt. LLG Flt --------------- -----Bus Name kV KA KA KA KA Z+(pu) Zo(pu) 3P X/R ------------------------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -----MAINBUS 0.48 28.78 24.93 32.03 30.93 4.1790 2.9070 5.6944 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.4
PHASE FAULT, 30 CYCLE: to perform a Three-phase Fault Study, 30 Cycle as per ANSI/IEEE Click on this icon Standards or IEC 60909 Standard as per user selected fault calculation. The rms short circuit currents values after 30 cycles are calculated at a selected bus/buses or at all buses as per user bus selection (on the short circuit options dialog or directly on the drawing). The short circuit current contributions from motors are ignored, and the generators are modeled by their positive sequence transient reactance X. The Results are listed in the Partial Text Report, as presented below:
EDSA 3-Phase Short Circuit v6.00.00 Project No. : Page : 2 Project Name: Date : 12/1/2006 Title : Time : 04:23:01 am Drawing No. : Company : Revision No.: Engineer: Jobfile Name: T123PDE Check by: Scenario : 1 : mode1 Date : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical One-Line 3-Phase Network for ANSI PDE
Pre-Flt Isym X/R Thevenin Bus Name kV KA Ratio Z+(pu) ------------------------ ------- --------- --------- --------MAINBUS 0.48 28.78 5.6944 4.1790 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.5
PROTECTIVE DEVICE EVALUATION (PDE) TOOL: EDSA PDE is a fast and accurate tool, which evaluates the protective switching devices such as: LV, MV and HV CBs, fuses, and switches. A number of enhancements have been implemented in this version of the program. The salient features added to the PDE program are:
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The equipment operating voltage is selected by the user, and it can be: o Load Flow calculated Voltage; o Actual Voltage; o System voltage. as shown in the figure capture below:
The user can introduce from the keyboard the multiplying factors for calculating the peak and asymmetrical short circuit current as per the standard employed:
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The name Current Multiplying Factors in the Short Circuit Analysis Basic Option / (Control for ANSI/IEEE tab) has been replaced by Driving Voltage as shown in the dialog window below:
The PDE program includes the CB impedance and CBs X/R ratio; The PDE Output Text Report has been reorganized: the output results are organized: o Equipment Input Rated Data; o PDE Calculated Data; o Circuit Duty calculated data.
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The PDE output results are either graphically displayed onto the one line diagram (in green if they pass or in red if they fail), or as a Text Report, based on the user selection. The fault study is per the Standard selected by the user: IEEE/ANSI C37 Standard. The program calculates momentary symmetrical and asymmetrical rms, momentary asymmetrical crest, interrupting symmetrical rms, and interrupting adjusted symmetrical rms short circuit currents at faulted buses. The circuit duties are checked against equipment interrupting capabilities, and if:
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The program list all the equipment connected to the selected bus by the user, and displays: equipment code, type, location, description and status: pass or fail.
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EDSA
Protective Device Evaluation v6.00.00 Project No.: Page : 1 Project Name: Date : 12/1/2006/06 Title : Time : 04:37:53AM Drawing No.: Company : Revision No.: Engineer : JobFile Name: ANSI-YY Check by : Scenario : 1: CheckDate: Base MVA : 10.00 Cyc/Sec : 60 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Medium/High Voltage Circuit Breakers ANSI - Protective Device Evaluation Report Based On Bus Duty ------------------------------------------
-------------------Branch Name -------------------Manufacturer Device Type Operating Voltage(kV) Max. Voltage (kV) Fused ? Test Standard Interrupt.Time(Cyc.) Max. Rated Int (kA) Rated Int@Max kV(kA) Rated C&L Asym (kA) Rated C&L Peak (kA) 3P Int @ Oper kV(kA) Test X/R Calc. X/R Calc. Sym (kA) Calc. Int (kA) Momentary Factor Peak Factor Remote Factor local Factor NACD Ratio Adjusted Factor Duty Duty Duty Asym Peak Int (kA) (kA) (kA)
-----------A1 -----------GE AM-13.8-500 13.80 15.00 N Tot. 8 25.00 19.25 40.00 20.92 15.0000 25.6112 19.92 19.49 1.6015 1.1318 1.0142 0.5600 1.0800 31.91 21.05 79.7750 100.6188
-----------A10 -----------ABB 15-HKSA-500 13.80 15.00 N Sym. 3 25.00 19.30 40.00 20.98 15.0000 26.7706 19.32 18.85 1.6067 1.1125 1.0518 0.5600 1.0858 31.04 20.47 77.5892 97.5758
-----------A2 -----------GE AM-13.8-500 13.80 15.00 N Tot. 8 25.00 19.25 40.00 20.92 15.0000 25.6112 19.92 19.49 1.6015 1.1318 1.0142 0.5600 1.0800 31.91 21.05 79.7750 100.6188
-----------A3 -----------GE AM-13.8-500 13.80 15.00 N Tot. 8 25.00 19.25 40.00 20.92 15.0000 25.6112 19.92 19.49 1.6015 1.1318 1.0142 0.5600 1.0800 31.91 21.05 79.7750 100.6188
Margin ( %) -0.6188 2.4242 -0.6188 -0.6188 Status ? Int -Fail Pass Int -Fail Int -Fail --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Click Close button. The program returns back to the drawing. The connected equipment to the selected bus are displayed in green color (Pass) and in red color (Fail).
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4.6
REPORT MANAGER Click on this button to launch the Report Manager. The Report Manager provides Text Reports on short circuit analysis. In the Output Report, select: Either the initial selected Fault Type (completed by the user on the drawing), or Detailed Fault Report, as presented below:
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Input data: o System Details; o Per-Unit value; o Abbreviation. Output file: o CSV output file; o Output to Text File. Unit: o o o Current; Capacity; Voltage.
Decimal Places for: o Current; o Capacity; o Voltage. o Per unit MF and %X/R Output Option: o Bus; o Branch. Text Output Report: o as per user selection fault type and instant of time, as presented above: 0.5 Cycle, symmetrical 3P,LL, LG, LLG Faults, or o Detailed fault Report.
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4.7
Click on this button to launch the Short Circuit Back Annotation tool. The Short Circuit Back Annotation tool opens the Dialog Window as presented below:
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Select the Fault Type, Displayed Results: Bus Current, Bus Prefault Voltage, Bus Post-fault Voltage, Branch Current, Phase or Sequence Components, Fault Components, Units, display or not the Fault Current Flow Arrows. The back annotation allows the user to insert any data related to the Short Circuit Analysis onto the study network drawing. Back Annotation is an Executive Short Circuit Report inserted onto the drawing, with the inserted components as per user selection.
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Select the back annotation ON or OFF, Auto-refresh, Font, Font Style, size and font color.
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4.8
MANAGING SCHEDULE IN SHORT CIRCUIT Schedule is an EDSA feature that allows the EDSA user to combine several motors and loads in the same symbols. It is a very good practice to save nodes in EDSA modeling and in the mean time to represent all the nodes of a plant in the EDSA model. One considers the following network: a) Model with each motor individually represented; b) Same motors are represented inside the MCC schedule
c)
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Motor Loading / Usage inside the schedule Inside the Schedule each motor is in detail individually represented together with the motor feeder as can be seen in the capture Figures above.
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Short Circuit Calculation: The short circuit procedure was described so far. However, the short circuit results can be displayed either onto the drawing or as a Text Output Results: Step 1: Select MCC bus:
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Short Circuit at MCC bus and branch contribution Bus (MCC) fault current 10.8 kA and branch contribution via Main_CB2 8 kA
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EDSA 3-Phase Short Circuit v6.00.00 Project No.: Page : 2 Project Name: Date : 12/01/2006 Title : Time : 05:39:41AM Drawing No.: Company : Revision No.: Engineer : JobFile Name: SC_MCC_SCHEDULE Check by : Scenario : 1: CheckDate: Base kVA : 10000.0 Cyc/Sec : 60 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical One-Line Industrial project
-------------System Summary -------------Total Number of Activate Nodes Total Number of Activate Branches Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Reference Impedance Active Sources Active Motors ZigZag Busses Transformers Active Islands Temperature (C) Displaying Temperature (C) : : : : : : : : : 3 2 2 4 0 2 1 20.0 25.0
------------------Calculation Options ------------------Calculating Fault at Single Bus with Fault Z = 0.00000 + j* 0.00000 Ohms
Transformer Phase Shift is not considered. ANSI/IEEE Calculation Separate R and X for X/R, Complex Z for Fault Current The Multiplying Factors to calculate Asym and Peak are Based on Actual X/R Peak Time Applies ATPC Equation Duty Type for PDE is based on Total Bus Fault Current Prefault Voltages Base Voltages : Use System Voltage : Use System Voltages
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Motor Bus fault Motor Data Rating --------------------- ---------------------X/R Sym Asym X/R X Item Cd Device Name Status KVA HP Ratio kA kA Ratio (%) ---- -- ---------------- ----- ------ ------ ----- ------- ------- ----- ----1 MI 1 200.00 218.60 5.28 10 12 9.00 17.00 2 MI 2 200.00 218.60 5.28 10 12 9.00 17.00 3 MI 3 100.00 104.59 6.60 10 13 9.00 20.00
----------------------------------------------------------Bus Results: 0.5 Cycle--Symmetrical--3P, LL,LG,& LLG Faults ----------------------------------------------------------Thevenin Imped. ANSI Pre-Flt 3P Flt. LL Flt. LG Flt. LLG Flt --------------- -----Cd V KA KA KA KA Z+(pu) Zo(pu) 3P X/R Bus
Bus Name Description ------------------------ -- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------ --------MCC MI 480.0 11 9 13 12 1.12 0.61 11.67
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Results Validation: Two networks are considered: a) A model with each motor individually represented; b) A model with the same motors which are represented inside the MCC schedule
Motor Representation: a) Individual Representation; b) Schedule Representation Perform short circuit calculation at bus Motor Bus: Select this bus and launch Short Circuit program. Follow the steps listed below:
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Bus Fault Current (Motor Bus) = 10.8 KA and branch fault contribution 8 kA
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Fault at all buses The fault results match in the both motor representation.
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5.
From the Short Circuit Analysis program pick-up list, select AC IEC 61363 to perform a three-phase fault study per IEC61363 Standard. This option calculates the instantaneous values of the AC, DC and total short circuit current and TDC time constant as well for short circuit at all system buses. The results are tabulated as a function of T/2. Generators are modeled by their positive sequence sub transient reactance, and motors are modeled by their locked-rotor impedance. Their subtransient and transient time constants and dc time constants are also considered in the calculations. The user can display the results using the standard report format, annotate results on the one line diagram, and plot the short circuit results varying with time. In order to display the short circuit results varying with time, only one bus can be faulted at a time. Graphical Display
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EDSA IEC 363 Short Circuit v6.00.00 Project No.: Page : 2 Project Name: Date : 12/1/2006/06 Title : Time : 05:03:41AM Drawing No.: Company : Revision No.: Engineer : JobFile Name: T123PDE Check by : Scenario : 1:mode1 CheckDate: Base kVA : 100000 Cyc/Sec : 60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Electrical One-Line 3-Phase Network for ANSI PDE
SC Current( kA ), Time Constant(ms) at the following Times Pre-Flt Tdc 0T 0T Tdc T/2 T/2 Tdc 2T 2T Bus Name kV Idc Iac @T/2 Idc Iac @ 2 T Idc Iac ------------------------ ------- ----- ------- ------- ----- ------- ------- ----- ------- ------04 0.48 0.91 8.69 6.14 0.92 0.00 6.14 0.94 0.00 6.14 07 0.21 1.67 2.32 1.64 1.67 0.02 1.64 1.69 0.00 1.64 10 0.21 1.28 12.09 8.55 1.29 0.02 8.55 1.31 0.00 8.55 12 0.48 21.0 29.66 20.97 6.10 7.57 20.18 6.56 0.18 19.06 12BB 0.48 25.7 26.05 18.42 5.82 6.23 17.78 6.16 0.12 16.80 15 0.21 2.13 2.89 2.04 2.13 0.06 2.04 2.15 0.00 2.04 16 0.48 25.4 25.32 17.91 5.68 5.84 17.32 5.99 0.10 16.41 17 0.48 11.5 23.42 16.56 4.48 3.64 15.88 6.23 0.11 14.90 18 0.48 16.0 26.34 18.62 5.17 5.25 17.90 5.49 0.06 16.86 19 0.48 2.62 14.39 10.17 3.05 0.94 9.54 6.77 0.10 8.74 2 0.48 1.33 7.00 4.95 1.33 0.01 4.95 1.35 0.00 4.95 20 0.48 20.7 24.62 17.41 5.29 5.10 16.77 5.58 0.06 15.80 21 0.48 9.02 34.08 24.10 4.75 5.90 23.41 4.85 0.04 22.42 GEN 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MAINBUS 0.48 12.7 45.14 31.92 14.1 24.76 30.65 14.5 4.51 29.30 UTILITY1 4.80 32.3 8.23 5.82 13.6 4.46 5.78 13.8 0.74 5.72 UTILITY2 4.80 33.1 8.21 5.81 13.7 4.46 5.78 13.9 0.74 5.72
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6. 6.1
EDSA 2005 SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS INPUT DATA POWER GRID INPUT DATA
Power Grid required data for short circuit calculations Note: If the fault level L-G is zero, the system is considered with the neutral point isolated.
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6.3
Whenever there is a schedule, you will see the composition rating on this screen. The HP is the average value of the motor in schedules, which the user can change.
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6.4
Synchronous Motor required data for short circuit calculations For motors and generators the function estimates X/R or applies for Motor Rating from A Practical Guide to Short-Circuit Calculations, by Conrad St. Pierre.
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6.5 HIGH VOLTAGE ANSI/IEEE CIRCUIT BREAKER SHORT CIRCUIT INPUT DATA
High Voltage ANSI/IEEE Circuit Breaker required data for short circuit calculations
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6.6
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Low Voltage ANSI/IEEE Circuit Breaker required data for short circuit calculations
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6.7
Low Voltage ANSI/IEEE Fuse required data for short circuit calculations
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7.
TUTORIAL: CONDUCTING A THREE-PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT STUDY Go to EDSA2005\Samples\3PhaseSC and open the file T123.axd and follow the steps indicated in the figure below:
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7.1
THE CALCULATION TOOLS To activate the Short Circuit program, click on the Short Circuit Icon.
AC ANSI/IEEE (separate R and X, as per ANSI/IEEE Standard); AC Classical, (Z complex method); AC IEC 60909; AC IEC 61363; AC 1 Phase.
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EDSA 2005 Short Circuit Program: Calculation Methods and the Corresponding Program Tools
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Fault at one or more buses in the same run; Fault at all system buses. In this case, the buses are faulted individually, not simultaneously. Depending on the specified fault type, the program will place a three-phase, line-to-ground, line-to-line, and line-to-line-to-ground fault at each bus which is faulted for short circuit studies.
7.2
Directly from the drawing - click on the desired bus By selecting the bus in the Short Circuit Analysis Basic Option
In the Short Circuit Analysis Basic Option dialog window select Default Output: Annotation.
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Select Base Voltage: System Voltage Select Prefault Voltage: System Voltage; Contribution Level from fault location: 3; Default Output: Annotation; Report Bus Type to select: All Buses; Fault location: Selected Buses.
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7.3
SHORT CIRCUIT ANNOTATION TOOL The Annotation allows the user to insert any data related to the Short Circuit Analysis onto the drawing.
Select the Short Circuit result components to be inserted into the drawing.
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7.3.1
3-Phase Fault, 30 Cycles at Bus 18 1. Select the bus 18 by clicking onto the bus18; Click drawing. (3Phase Fault, 30 Cycle) icon. The Fault Components are displayed onto the
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7.3.2
3-Phase Fault Current, Cycle Fault at Bus 18 1. Select the bus 18 by clicking onto the bus18; 2. Click (3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, Cycle) icon. The Fault Components are displayed.
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7.3.3
3-Phase Fault Current, 5 Cycle Fault at Bus 18 1. Select the bus 18 by clicking onto the bus18; (3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, 5 Cycle) icon. The Fault Components are displayed 2. Click onto the drawing as presented in the Figure Capture below:
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7.3.4
Change the Fault Type displayed onto the drawing. 3-Phase fault, Cycle, Phase A, Fault at Bus 18: 1. Select the bus 18 by clicking onto the bus18; (3P, LL, LG, LLG Fault, Cycle) icon. The 3P, LL, LG, LLG fault current are 2. Click calculated. In the back annotation, select the fault type and phase to be displayed onto the drawing.
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Change the Fault Type displayed onto the drawing. Line-Line, A Phase, Fault at Bus 18: In the back annotation, select the fault type and phase to be displayed onto the drawing: LineLine, A Phase
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Note: No fault currents are displayed. The fault type is Line-Line between Phase B and C. Phase A is displayed.
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Change the Fault Type displayed onto the drawing. Line-Line, B Phase, Fault at Bus 18: In the back annotation, select the fault type and phase to be displayed onto the drawing: LineLine, B Phase. The fault current is displayed onto the drawing as presented in the picture below:
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Change the Fault Current Component displayed onto the drawing: 3-Phase Fault, A Phase, Asymmetrical Current, Fault at Bus 18: In the back annotation, select the fault type and phase to be displayed onto the drawing: 3- Phase, A Phase. Select Fault Component: Asymmetrical:
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