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Retaining Wall Design : Ver W2.4.09 - 06 Aug 2009

Title : Cantilever wall example
C14

Input Data
H1
H2
H3
Hw
Hr
B
D

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)

Wall Dimensions
1.40 C
(m)
0.2 F
(m)
0 xf
(m)
0 At
(m)
0.36 Ab
(m)
0 Cov wall
mm
1 Cov base mm

0.2
0.2
1
0.2
0.2
50
50

Unfactored Live Loads

W
(kN/m)
0
P
(kN)
0
xp
(m)
0
L
(kN/m)
0
xl
(m)
0
Lh
(kN/m)
x
(m)
0

General Parameters
27
Soil frict f ()
0
Fill slope b ()
20
Wall frict d ()
25
r Conc kN/m3
3
18
r Soil kN/m
fcu
(MPa)
25
fy
(MPa)
300

Design Parameters
SF Overt.
1.5
SF Slip
1.5
ULS DL Factor
1.4
ULS LL Factor
1.6
Pmax
(kPa)
400
0.5
Soil Poisson u
DL Factor Ovt.
0.9

Seepage allowed
Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding
Theory
: Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:ON

Hor Accel. (g) 0.02

Vert Accel . (g) 0.01
Include LL's
Y

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka
Passive Pressure coefficient Kp
Seismic Active Pressure coefficient Kas
Seismic Passive Pressure coefficient Kps
Base frictional constant

:0.332
:5.136
:0.349
:4.986
:0.510

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m

Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Siesmic component of Pa
Siesmic wall inertia
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
Siesmic component of Pp
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
5.792
0.283
0.257

0.485
0.840
0.448

-1.795
0.054

0.065
0.120

2.108
0.103

0.200
0.200

12.870
21.384

0.408
0.700

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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
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Checked by

Date

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m

width

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.
For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:
Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr :
Destabilizing moment Mo :

20.33 kNm
2.50 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 8.126

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS
Sum of Vertical forces Pv
Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

:
:
:
:
:

36.36
18.53
5.38
1.79
25.71

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw :

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh :

6.05 kN
1.91 kN
7.96 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 3.231

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m

Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Siesmic component of Pa
Siesmic wall inertia
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
Siesmic component of Pp
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
8.199
0.453
0.412

0.487
0.840
0.448

-1.615
0.049

0.065
0.120

2.951
0.165

0.200
0.200

11.583
19.246

0.408
0.700

Job Number

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Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
Calcs by
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Checked by

Date

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m

width

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.
For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:
Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr :
Destabilizing moment Mo :

18.30 kNm
3.59 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 5.098

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS
Sum of Vertical forces Pv
Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

:
:
:
:
:

32.73
16.67
4.85
1.62
23.14

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw :

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh :

6.89 kN
1.72 kN
8.61 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 2.687

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

Maximum pressure : 46.91 kPa
Minimum pressure : 13.69 kPa
Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2005

Position from
base top (m )
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.19
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.41
0.43
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.58
0.60

Moment
(kNm )
2.50
2.36
2.23
2.10
1.98
1.86
1.75
1.64
1.54
1.44
1.34
1.25
1.16
1.08
1.00
0.93
0.86
0.79
0.73
0.67
0.61
0.56
0.51
0.46
0.41
0.37

Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

(mm/m )
(mm/m )
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

71.98
68.01
64.20
60.53
57.00
53.61
50.35
47.23
44.24
41.38
38.65
36.03
33.54
31.16
28.90
26.75
24.71
22.77
20.94
19.20
17.57
16.02
14.58
13.21
11.94
10.75

473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20

Job Number

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Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
Calcs by
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Checked by

Date

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2005

Position from
base top (m )
0.62
0.65
0.67
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.77
0.79
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.89
0.91
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.08
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.18
1.20

Moment
(kNm )
0.33
0.30
0.27
0.23
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

(mm/m )
(mm/m )
(mm/m )
0.00
9.64
473.20
0.00
8.61
473.20
0.00
7.65
473.20
0.00
6.77
473.20
0.00
5.95
473.20
0.00
5.20
473.20
0.00
4.52
473.20
0.00
3.90
473.20
0.00
3.33
473.20
0.00
2.83
473.20
0.00
2.37
473.20
0.00
1.97
473.20
0.00
1.61
473.20
0.00
1.30
473.20
0.00
1.02
473.20
0.00
0.79
473.20
0.00
0.60
473.20
0.00
0.43
473.20
0.00
0.30
473.20
0.00
0.20
473.20
0.00
0.12
473.20
0.00
0.06
473.20
0.00
0.03
473.20
0.00
0.01
473.20
0.00
0.00
473.20

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2005

Position from
left (m )
0.00
0.02
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.19
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.41
0.43
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.58
0.60
0.62
0.65
0.67
0.70
0.72

Moment
(kNm )
-0.00
-0.09
-0.37
-0.83
-1.48
-1.67
2.01
1.86
1.78
1.70
1.62
1.55
1.47
1.40
1.33
1.26
1.19
1.13
1.06
1.00
0.94
0.89
0.83
0.77
0.72
0.67
0.62
0.58
0.53
0.49
0.45

Top Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
51.39
49.08
46.82
44.62
42.47
40.37
38.33
36.34
34.40
32.51
30.68
28.91
27.18
25.51
23.89
22.32
20.81
19.35
17.94
16.59
15.29
14.04
12.85

Bot Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
2.67
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Nominal (0.13%)
(mm/m )
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20

Job Number
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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
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Sheet

Checked by

Date

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO ACI 318 - 2005

Position from
left (m )
0.74
0.77
0.79
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.89
0.91
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.01
1.03
1.06
1.08
1.10
1.13
1.15
1.18
1.20

Moment
(kNm )
0.41
0.37
0.33
0.30
0.27
0.24
0.21
0.18
0.16
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00

Top Reinforcing
(mm/m )
11.71
10.62
9.58
8.60
7.67
6.79
5.97
5.20
4.49
3.82
3.21
2.65
2.15
1.70
1.30
0.96
0.66
0.42
0.24
0.11

Bot Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Nominal (0.13%)
(mm/m )
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20
473.20

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO ACI 318 - 2005

Shear force at bottom of wall V =
6.4 kN
Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.05 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.44 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)

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Sketch of Wall

Design code: ACI 318 - 2005

0.20

1.40

20.00

0.00

27.00

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20
0.00

kh =0.02g
kv =0.01g
1.00
1.00

13.7kPa
46.9kPa
Wall type: Cantilever
Theory: Coulomb

SFslip = 3.23
SFslip (ULS) = 2.69
SFovt = 8.13
SFovt (ULS) = 5.10

Kas=0.35
Kps=4.99
=0.51
V= 6.4kN
v= 0.05MPa
vc= 0.44MPa

Job Number

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Wall Bending Moments

Moment max = 2.497kNm @ -.200m

Wall Moments
1.20
1.10
1.000
.900
.800

Height (m)

.700
.600
.500
.400
.300

2.50

2.00

1.50

.500

.100

1.00

.200

-.100
Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Base Moments

Moment max = 2.013kNm @ .101m

2.00

1.00
.500

.050
.100
.150
.200
.250
.300
.350
.400
.450
.500
.550
.600
.650
.700
.750
.800
.850
.900
.950
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20

Bending moment (kNm)

1.50

-.500
-1.00
-1.50
Position (m)

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Wall Reinforcement

Reinf. max = 473.2mm/m @ 1.20m

Wall Reinforcement
1.20
1.10
1.000

Nominal

.900

Height (m)

.800
.700
.600 Back
.500
.400

450

400

350

300

250

200

100

50.0

.100

150

.300
Front
.200

Reinforcement (mm/m)

Base Reinforcement

Base Reinforcement

Reinf. max = 51.39mm/m @ .165m

Nominal

450
400

300
250
200
150
100

Position (m)

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.00

.950

.900

.850

.800

Top

.750

.700

.650

.600

.550

.500

.450

.400

.350

.300

.250

.200

.150

Top

.100

50.0
.050

Reinforcement (mm/m)

350

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Schematic Reinforcement
Y12@200 = DB 12 mm @ 200 m m
Y12@200 (Hor)
Y12@200 (Hor)
Y12@200 (NF)
Y12@200 (FF)
1-R10/m2 clips
1-R10/m2 clips
Y12@200 starters
Y12@200 starters

FRONT

Y12@200 (T1)
Y12@200 (B1)
Y12@200 (T2)
Y12@200 (B2)
Y12@200
Y12@200 (EF)

SECTION