ECE 3171: Analog and Discrete Signals and Systems

Professor: Malayappan Shridhar

Project 2: Band-Pass Filter

Charles Johnson Jaycil Varghese

November 30th, 2011 Fall 2011

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan-Dearborn

Objective:
A.) To design and build a low-pass filter given the following characteristics: 1. -3 db frequency c will be in the range 2 (1000 Hz) to 2 (2000 Hz) 2. -15 db at s, where s = 2* c B.) To design and build a high-pass filter given the following characteristics: 1. -3 db frequency c will be in the range 2 (300 Hz) to 2 (600 Hz) 2. -15 db at s, where s = c/2 C:) Conclude by cascading the two filter to create a band pass filter. Create a PSpice simulation and conclude by building the circuit and recording your results.

Procedure:
Using the following theory, the realization that a 3rd order filter was necessary to meet the required specifications in both cases:

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan-Dearborn

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan-Dearborn

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan-Dearborn

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan-Dearborn

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan-Dearborn

Results:
The final step required the cascading of the two filters:

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan-Dearborn

Conclusion:
This project taught us the details involved with LP, HP, and BP butterworth filter design. We faced technical difficulties with both PSpice and the real circuit and these taught us how to look at the problem in a different way and caused us to eventually find a solution. The PSpice schematic we noticed only allowed simulation with an ideal op amp. With the real circuit, you can imagine the frustration we had when our 4 op-amps were cascaded together and we had to build the intricate circuit. We also came to the realization that out R values required realistic values that could be built in the lab. We felt this project was very valuable as it gave us a real-world project where we were tasked with actually building a circuit. I also enjoyed taking our original circuit and altering it in the lab to see the effects. In other classes with the amount of theory and math involved in a class like this, the realworld application falls by the way side. This class not only taught a large amount of theory, but also a large amount of practical design. Also, we learned how to use the oscilloscope for digital filtering. We noticed some noise in our lines and with the help of the Professor Miller, we were able to smoothen out our waveform.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Computer Science The University of Michigan-Dearborn