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Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikelartikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya. Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa: 1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice 2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we menjadi object pronoun us. 3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice. 4. Ditambahkannya be is di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah). 5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata by. 6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan being di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h o di bawah. Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut: Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Active
Passive : They are met by him everyday. Active : She waters this plant every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah was atau were Contoh:
Active
Passive : They were met by him yesterday Active : She watered this plant this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi has been atau have been Contoh:
Active
Passive : They have been met by him Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been Contoh:
Active
Passive : They had been met by him before I came. Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah be Contoh:
Active
Active
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon. Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi will have been Contoh:
Active
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow. Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi would have been. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They would have been met by him. Active : She would have watered this plant.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They are being met by him now. Active : She is watering this plant now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They were being met by him. Active : She was watering this plant.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They have been being met by him. Active : She has been watering this plant.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah had been + being. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They had been being met by him. Active : She had been watering this plant.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will be + being. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They will be being met by him. Active : She will be watering this plant.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah would be + being. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They would be being met by him. Active Passive : She would be watering this plant. : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They will have been being met by him. Active : She will have been watering this plant.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being. Contoh:
Active
Passive : They would be being met by him. Active : She would be watering this plant.
Contoh-contoh yang lain: 1. Kokos nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya). 2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi). 3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu). 4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes). 5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA). Thats all. Untuk mengetahui pemahaman anda dalam kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif, silakan kerjakan Practice test 5.
Bentuk Awal awake be beat become begin bend bet bid bite blow break bring broadcast build burn buy catch choose come cost cut dig do draw dream
Bentuk Lampau awoke was, were beat became began bent bet bid bit blew broke brought broadcast built burned/burnt bought caught chose came cost cut dug did drew dreamed/dreamt
Past Participle (Bentuk Ketiga) awoken been beaten become begun bent bet bid bitten blown broken brought broadcast built burned/burnt bought caught chosen come cost cut dug done drawn dreamed/dreamt
Arti bangun/bangkit adalah/to be/copula mengalahkan menjadi mulai membengkokkan bertaruh tawaran mengigit meniup mematahkan mambawa menyiarkan membangun membakar membeli menangkap memilih datang biaya memotong menggali melakukan menarik bermimpi
drive drink eat fall feel fight find fly forget forgive freeze get give go grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead
drove drank ate fell felt fought found flew forgot forgave froze got gave went grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led
driven drunk eaten fallen felt fought found flown forgotten forgiven frozen gotten given gone grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led
mengemudi minum makan jatuh merasakan berkelahi menemukan terbang lupa memaafkan membeku mendapatkan memberikan pergi tumbuhan menggantung mempunyai mendengar sembunyi memukul menahan terluka menyimpan mengetahui merebahkan memimpin
learn leave lend let lie lose make mean meet pay put read ride ring rise run say see sell send show shut sing sit sleep speak
learned/learnt left lent let lay lost made meant met paid put read rode rang rose ran said saw sold sent showed shut sang sat slept spoke
learned/learnt left lent let lain lost made meant met paid put read ridden rung risen run said seen sold sent showed/shown shut sung sat slept spoken
belajar meninggalkan meminjamkan membiarkan bohong kehilangan membuat maksud bertemu membayar menaruh membaca mengendarai membunyikan muncul lari mengatakan melihat menjual mengirim menunjukkan menutup menyanyi duduk tidur bicara
spend stand swim take teach tear tell think throw understand wake wear win write
spent stood swam took taught tore told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote
spent stood swum taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken worn won written
membelanjakan berdiri berenang mengambil mengajarkan merobek memberi tahu berpikir melempar mengerti bangun mamakai menang menulis