SEPARATING COMPOUND

A . CHROMATOGRAPHY
BASIC THEORY Chromatography is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures . It involves passing a mixture dissolved in a mobile phase through in a stationary phase, which separates the analyte to be measured from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated . TOOLS AND MATERIALS 1. Measure glass 2. Water 3. Marker full of color ( red and black ) 4. Filter Paper PROCESS 1. Add water into the measure glass 2. Crump led the filter paper around 2 internode of finger and mark with marker 3. Dye the filter paper to the measure glass 4. Wait until the water penetrate and pass the mark 5. Wait again until the secondary color chance into primer color 6. After that , dry it

RESULT OF THE EXPERIMENT The secondary color back to the primer color.

CONCLUTION 1. The color from our marker isnt the primer color , but its the secondary color . 2. Theres a capilaritation in this experiment

B . SALT CRYSTALLIZATION
BASIC THEORY

Filtration is a mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids ( liquid or gases ) by interposing medium to fluid flow through which the fluid pass but the solids (or at least part of the solids ) in the fluid are retained . It has to be emphasized that the separation isnt complete , and it will depend on the pore size and the thickness of the medium as well as the mechanisms that occur during filtration . Crystallization is the ( natural or artificial ) process of formation of solid crystal precipitating from an identical solution or melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas . TOOLS AND MATERIALS 1. Cup 2. Beaker glass 3. Mixing spoon 4. Tripot 5. Iron gauze 6. Rubbing alcohol 7. Filter paper 8. Stative 9. Compound of sand and salt 10. Funnel

PROCEDURE 1. Take water about 50 ml into beaker glass 2. Add compound of sand and salt about 20-40 ml 3. Pour until the salt be solution 4. Take funnel and add filter paper into the funnel 5. Put the funnel into the stative 6. Filter the compound and place the water into the cup 7. Wait for a few minutes until separated and the sand settled in filter paper and salt water is on the cup 8. Prepare tripot, iron gauze, and rubbing alcohol 9. Heat the salt water which is in the cup use tripot, iron gauze and rubbing alcohol 10. Wait until the water steam and the salt became crystal

RESULT OF EXPERIMENT

The compound of sand and salt are be separate. Sand become sand and salt become salt again.

CONCLUTION

Filtration can filter particle in the current size. And we can make the salt become salt again with crystallization.

C. RECRYSTALLIZATION OF SUGAR
BASIC THEORY

Crystallization is the ( natural or artificial ) process of formation of solid crystal precipitating from an identical solution or melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas . TOOLS AND MATERIALS 1. Tripot 2. Stir spoon 3. Funnel 4. Stative 5. Cup 6. Iron gauze 7. Rubbing alcohol 8. Beaker glass (pirex) 9. Filter paper 10. Sugar 11. Ice 12. Water

PROCEDURE 1. Take water as much as 50 ml into beaker glass 2. Heat water with rubbing alcohol until boil 3. Add sugar 4. Stir until the sugar dissolved (surfeited) 5. If the sugar already surfeited, turn of the rubbing alcohol 6. Cold that solution of sugar 7. Put into big beaker glass size 600 ml 8. Put the small beaker glass into big beaker glass and then, add ice around the small beaker glass 9. Wait the sugar until become crystal 10. Sratch the part which become a crystal 11. If there is solution of sugar which not yet become crystal pour the solution to glass with filter paper which on the stative 12. Wait again until the solution of sugar really become crystal

RESULT OF EXPERIMENT Sugar become a sugar again.

CONCLUTION

The surfeited sugar water can be a crystal of sugar again if we heat it. Water become water and sugar become sugar again .

D. SUBLIMATION OCSALAT ACID

BASIC THEORY Sublimation of an element or compound is a transition from the solid to gas phase with no intermediate liquid stage . Sublimation is an endothermic phase transition that occurs at temperatures and pressure below the triple point . At normal pressure, most chemical compounds and elements possess three different state at different temperature . TOOLS and MATERIALS 1. Ocsalat Acid 2. Ice 3. Cup 4. Beaker Glass 5. Rubbing Alcohol 6. Iron Gauze 7. Tripot 8. Wrist glass PROCEDURE 1. Prepare the tools and materials 2. Take 1 spoon of ocsalat and put into the cup 3. Cover with beaker glass 4. Prepare the tripot, iron gauze, and rubbing alcohol 5. Before heating, put an ice on beaker glass 6. Put in the cup that had given ocsalat and cover with beaker glass 7. Put rubbing alcohol under the tripot and iron gauze 8. Turn on the rubbing alcohol 9. Take the ice that become liquid with tissue in order to nothing 10. If the ice already empty turn off the rubbing lamp and let it cool 11. After that, take the breaker alas and see the result

THE RESULT

Ocsalat become a scratched in the wrist glass. The solid of ocsalat become something like gas and there is a white scratch.

CONCLUTION Sublimation is a technique used by chemist to purify compounds. Typically a solid is place in a vessel which is then heated under vacuum. Under this reduced pressure the solid volatillizesand condenses as a purified compound on a cooled surface. Leavingthe non-volatile residue impurities behind

E. HYDRATE WATER
BASIC THEORY With this experiment we can count the equivalent of the quantities. And know how much H2O in the CuSO4 5H2O

TOOLS AND MATERIALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CuSO4 5H2O Tissue Weight Iron gauze Rubbing alcohol Cup Tripot Water

PROCEDURE

1. Weight the cup with empty condition, write down the result 2. Add 1 gram of CuSO4 in cup, weight it and write again the result 3. Heat it until the color of CuSO4 become white. It must be very white and dry in order to get a good result 4. Let it cool 5. Weight CuSO4 that has become white, and count the dispute 6. Give it a drop of water. The color of CuSO4 become blue again 7. Find out propotion between CuSO4 and H2O

RESULT OF EXPERIMENT

We know that there is 2 mol of H2O that released in the air. Its because the process of heating CuSO4 less dry and not all become white.

We can count the equivalent from first CuSO4 5H2O and the second CuSO4 5H2O with this formula :

CONCLUTION

In CuSO4 5H2O there is H2O and with heat it, H2O is lost. And we find CuSO4 5H2O with no H2O and the color will be white. But, CuSO4 5H2O with water will be blue.

Member : Akhri Yanuarto Amanda Nurul A. Annissa R.U. Asri Arumdani Ayundha Nabilah Dimas Widi I. Ditta Nabella Diyah Apliany (01) (02) (03) (04) (05) (06) (07) (08)

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