Literature review.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
To select the natural ingredient to be extracted, comprehensive literature survey has been carried out. For the extraction, different processes are used i.e, Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), Microwave assisted extraction (MAE), Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) etc, as shown in table 1. Table 1:-Extraction techniques for natural ingredient.
Sr No. Plant Source Ingredient Extraction Technique Solute to solvent ratio, Solvent 1 Apple pomace xyloglucan UAE concentration, extraction time C. Fu et al. / Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 13 (2006) 511516 Extraction Solvent , Penggan Peel 2 (Citrus Retriculata) Hesperidin UAE Solvent volume, Extraction temperature, Extraction time, Ultrasonic Power, Ultrasonic Frequency D-limonene, 3 Celery seed selinene, sedanolide SFE Extraction Temparature, Extraction Pressure, Particle Size of Celery seed, Flow rate of CO2 I. Papamichail et al./ J. of Supercritical Fluids 18 (2000) 213226 Extraction Temperature, triterpenoids SFE Extraction Pressure, Flow rate of CO2 L.M.A.S. Campos et al. / J. of Supercritical Fluids 34 (2005) 163170 Extraction Time, Solvent 5 Licorice Root Glycyrrhizic acid MAE concentration, Material to solvent ratio X. Pan et al. / Biochemical Engineering Journal 5 (2000) 173177 Y. Ma et al. / Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 15 (2008) 227232 Parameters Studied Reference

Marigold 4 (Calendula ofcinalis)

Extraction of natural ingredient.

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Literature review.

Glycyrrhizic acid is selected for the present work which can be extracted from the licorice root. Some research work has already been carried out to extract it from licorice using different techniques. This literature review is tabulated below in table 2. Table 2:-Extraction techniques for licorice root. Sr No. 1 M. Mukhopadhyay and A novel process for P. Panja / Separation and Purication Technology 63 (2008) 539545 2 Q. Wang et al. / Biochemical Engineering Journal 21 (2004) 285292 Development of multi-stage countercurrent extraction Multi-stage countercurrent extraction of natural sweetener from licorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra) roots Author and Journal Title of Paper Techniques used Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) Temperature, pressure, extraction time, water to feed ratio, number of stages, stirring rate, ammonia concentration. ve stages extracting time for every stage, temperature and solvent to licorice ratio Parameters studied

technology for the extraction extraction of glycyrrhizic acid(GA) from licorice (MCE)

3 J.Y. Baek et al. / Separation and Purication Technology 63 (2008) 661664 4 X. Pan et al. / Biochemical Engineering Journal 5 (2000) 173177

Extraction of nutraceutical compounds from licorice roots with subcritical water

subcritical water

Extraction Time, temperature

Microwave-assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root

Microwaveassisted extraction

extraction times, ethanol concentrations of, ammonia concentrations and liquid/solid ratio

Extraction of natural ingredient.

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Literature review.

5 Chen S. et al./ Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 15(4) 474-477 (2007)

Microwave-assisted Micellar Extraction and Determination of Glycyrrhizic Acid and Liquiritin in Licorice Root by HPLC

Microwaveassisted Micellar Extraction

Triton X-100 loading, extraction time, temperature .

Extraction of natural ingredient.

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