Speed measurement Trainer

Table of contents

1. Introduction 2. Technical Specifications 3. Front Panel Controls 4. Operating Instructions

INTRODUCTION
A component found in many electronic devices is a DC motor. These are employed in various tasks, such as cooling a heat emitting system and robotic arm precision work. Each of these tasks require a certain rotation per minute of the motor shaft, or RPM, and this is what is crucial to know. Introduction The most conventional unit of measuring the speed of a motor is in RPM. This stands for revolutions per minutes, or the number of times the motors shaft will rotate in one minute. Analogous to this is the second hand on a clock. It rotates the circumference of the clock once a minute, at a speed of 1 RPM. The typical RPM range of most DC motors is from 3000 to 8000. Although it may seem that a higher speed is advantageous, this is not always the case. For robots with slow responding reactors, a higher than normal RPM speed may cause discordance with the brain, and thus malfunctioned responses. For instance, cooling fans normally have RPM speeds ranging from 3000 to 6500, which is considered very fast. On the other hand, robot arms doing precision work operate below 50 RPM. Measuring RPM To get a rough estimation of a DC motors RPM speed, one method is to attach a piece of tape of coloured disc to the motor shaft, and count the number of rotations a minute. This depends much on your ability to focus on the moving object, and so accuracy declines as R

A more accurate and conventional method of measuring RPM is using a device called a tachometer, which can precisely measure the speed of up to thousands of RPM. There are namely two types of tachometers, the contact and non-contact tachometers. The contact tachometer is physically attached to the motor shaft, thereby reducing the speed, and providing an inaccurate RPM reading. The non-contact tachometer utilizes a brightness sensor that detects rotations. For instance, when a motor spins with a black-white coloured disc attached to the shaft, the tachometer flashes the rotating disc with an LED and can see the varying light reflection from light to dark, through its brightness sensor. A chip measures the time for a light to dark to light progression, and thus the RPM speed. Converting RPM to a Metric Unit It is important to be able to interpret the speed of a DC motor besides using RPM units, because as you learn more about electronic technology you will likely come across a different unit of speed for the DC

THE SETUP : The system comprises of a small 24V DC Motor, which is fixed rigidly on a strong metal stand. The motor runs by 24V DC supply. Potentiometer is used to controls the speed of the motor. one of MS material wheel of sixty teeth are fixed to the motor shaft, Magnetic pickup speed sensor is fixed at a distance of 2 to 2.5mm away from the teeth of the MS tone wheel, which senses the speed. A Photoreflective sensor id mounted across wheel so that the wheel rotates between the sensor DISPLAY UNIT: Four digit digital tachometer is provided along with the above setup which is calibrated to read the speed up to 9999 RPM. The meter will accept the signals from both magnetic pickup and photo sensor one at a time. Selection switch is provided to select the sensor on which the experiment has to be conducted.

SPECIFICATION: Motor Capacity : 24V DC Motor. Max. Motor Speed : 3500 RPM (approx.) Motor input Supply : 24V DC. Motor Speed Control : Using POT. Tone Wheel : MS Gear wheel of 60Teeth, Sensor : Non- Contact Magnetic Pickup & Opto-coupler IC Display : Digital Seven segment Red LED display to read RPM

Operating instructions

1. Connect the Cable between motor assembly unit to the main trainer and switch ON the trainer 2. Connect the CRO at the Pulse output terminals. 3. Connect the mulltimeter or voltmeter at the motor speed control voltage output. 4. Now keep the speed control pot to fully anticlockwise and observe the voltage and pulse. 5. Then slowely increase the speed control voltage from 1.2v to 3V , now observe the motor will stars to rotates. Note down the voltage. 6. Connect the pulse output from sensors to RPM Counter. 7. Select any type speed sensor ie, magnetic pickup or photo interuptor output. 8. Like this way increase the speed control voltage by steps of 3v, 6v, 9v,......24v and note down the corresponding Speed in RPM Counter. 9. Draw the graph control voltage Vs speed in RPM. 10. Compare and verify the speed by both type speed sensors.

SL NO:

SPEED CONTROL VOLTAGE 3V 6V 9V 12V 15V 18V 21V 24V

MOTOR SPEED RPM ........................... ............................. ......................... .......................... .......................... ........................... ........................... ...........................

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

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Manual for

SPEED Measurement Trainer

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