DDRR Trust Fund Report

United Nations Development Programme Liberia
Financed By:
Liberia Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration Programme (DDRR) Activity Report
United Nations Development Programme Administered Trust Fund

December 2003 to August 2004
Glossary
AFL: Liberia Armed Forces CAFF: Children Associated with Fighting Forces CCF: Christian Children's Fund CEIP: Community Education Investment Programme CEP: Community Empowerment Program CRID: Center for the Rehabilitation of the Injured & Disabled DEX: Direct Execution DDRR: Disarmament, Demobilisation, Rehabilitation, and Reintegration DFID: Department for International Development DSRSG: Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General EC: European Commission Ex-GoL: Government of Liberia FAO: Food and Agricultural Organisation FIND: Foundation for International Dignity ICC: Interim Care Centres IDP: Internally Displaced Person ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross IOM: International Organisation for Migration IRC: International Rescue Committee ISU: Information & Sensitisation Unit JIU: Joint Implementation Unit JMC: Joint Monitoring Committee JOP: Joint Operations Plan LCL: Lutheran Church of Liberia LWF-WS: Lutheran World Federation-World Service LURD: Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy MERCI: Medical Emergency & Relief Cooperative International MODEL: Movement for Democracy in Liberia M & E: Monitoring and Evaluation NDS: National Drug Service NRC: Norwegian Refugee Council
Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund
NTGL: National Transitional Government of Liberia NCDDRR: National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilisation, Rehabilitation, and Reintegration NFI: Non-Food Item PAC: Project Approval Committee PDO: pre-Discharge Orientation PMU: Pentecostal Mission Unlimited
QIP: Quick Impact Project

RFP: Request for Proposal SAA: Small Arms Ammunition SBGV: Sexually Based Gender Violence SC-UK: Save the Children - UK STI: Sexually Transmitted Infection TCC: Technical Coordination Committee TSA: Transitional Safety Net Allowance UMCOR: United Methodist Committee on Relief UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund UNICEF: United Nations Childrens Fund UNMIL: United Nations Mission in Liberia UNOCHA: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs USAID: United States Agency for International Development WFP: World Food Programme WHO: World Health Organisation WVI: World Vision International YMCA: Young Men Christian Association
GLOSSARY .......................................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .......................................................................... 7 1.1 Liberias DDRR Programme ......................................................................................... 7 1.2 Major Actors and Donors ............................................................................................. 7 1.3 December 2003 August 2004: An Overview ............................................................ 8 2. IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK AND PROCESSES .............................................. 10 2.1 DDRR Trust Fund ........................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Organisation and Coordination ................................................................................. 10 2.3 National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation, and Reintegration ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Joint Implementation Unit (JIU) ................................................................................. 11 2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Unit ................................................................................. 12 2.6 PAC Process ............................................................................................................... 15 2.7 Technical Coordination Committee........................................................................... 15 2.8 Programme Execution and Funding ......................................................................... 16 3. PROGRAMME COMPONENTS OF DISARMAMENT AND DEMOBILISATION .......... 18 3.1 Disarmament and Collection of Weapons ................................................................ 18 3.2 Demobilisation ............................................................................................................ 19 3.2.1 Supervision ............................................................................................................ 20 3.2.2 Service Providers ................................................................................................... 20 3.2.3 Camp Management................................................................................................ 21 3.2.4 Food Management ................................................................................................. 21 3.2.5 Medical Screening.................................................................................................. 24 3.2.6 Reproductive Health and Sexually Based Gender Violence .................................. 28 3.2.7 Interim Care Centres.............................................................................................. 30 3.2.8 Transport................................................................................................................32 3.2.8 Communication ...................................................................................................... 32 4. REHABILITATION AND REINTEGRATION .................................................................. 34 4.1 Introduction - The Basis for the RR Programme...................................................... 34
4.2 Basic Guiding Principles and Fundamental Policy Issues on Rehabilitation and Reintegration ..................................................................................................................... 34 4.2.1 Targeted Assistance .............................................................................................. 34 4.2.2 Transition to Non-targeted Approach ..................................................................... 34 4.2.3 Assistance to Child and Women Ex-combatants, Including the Disabled.............. 35 4.2.4 Integrated and Comprehensive Sensitisation Programme and Reconciliation Initiatives ......................................................................................................................... 35 4.2.5 Equity of Access to Assistance .............................................................................. 35 4.2.6 Eligibility Validation ................................................................................................ 35 4.2.7 Multilateral Partnership and Co-ordination Mechanism: ........................................ 36 4.3 The Eligibility Pre-conditions and Key Policy Issues on Reintegration Programme of the DDRR ....................................................................................................................... 36 4.4 Establishing the Caseload Eligible for Reintegration Assistance.......................... 37 4.5 Statistical Information on Geographical Spread of XCs in Terms of Preferred Areas of Settlement and Preferences for Reintegration Support................................. 38 4.5.1 Preferred Counties of Settlements ......................................................................... 38 4.5.2 Transitional Safety Net Allowances........................................................................ 39 4.5.3 Information and Sensitisation Initiative on Reintegration ....................................... 39 4.5.4 Preferred Reintegration Options ............................................................................ 40 4.6 Implementation Partnership: Parallel Programme Partners ................................... 42 4.7 Brief Synopsis of Ongoing Reintegration Projects ................................................. 44 4.8 Project Pipeline ........................................................................................................... 45 4.8.1 The Proposal Pipeline for Review .......................................................................... 45 4.8.2 Resource Mobilisation............................................................................................ 46 4.9 Major Challenges in the Reintegration Process and Lessons Learned................. 46 4.9.1 Missing Link Between Reintegration and Disarmament and Demobilisation ......... 46 4.9.2 Lack of Strong Eligibility Criteria ............................................................................ 47 4.9.3 Limited Amount of Financial Resources................................................................. 47 4.9.4 Propensity for Differentiated Assistance Packages Between Agencies Funded by Different Donors .............................................................................................................. 47 4.9.5 Limited Capacity of Service Delivery Agencies and Local Structures.................... 47 4.9.6 Delayed Set-up Referral and Counseling Structures ............................................. 48 4.9.7 High Concentration of Ex-combatants in Urban Locations .................................... 48 4.9.8 Narrow Market Base Conducive for Sustainable Exit Strategy .............................. 48 5. ANNEXES....................................................................................................................... 49
Executive Summary
This activity report of the Liberia DDRR Trust Fund covers the period December 2003 to August 2004. This multi-donor Trust Fund is managed and administered by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The DDRR Programme is currently in its third phase of disarmament and demobilisation. During the period covered by the report, a total of 68,062 persons have been disarmed, and a total of 63,851 persons demobilised. 1 These activities have taken place at a total of five cantonment sites in areas outside of Monrovia.2 These figures include both adults and children (up to the age of 18). During this period, a total of 20,227 weapons and 5,164,327 Small Arms Ammunition (SAA) have been received. On the reintegration side, the Project Approval Committee (PAC) has approved 10 skills training and agricultural projects targeting a total of 8,006 ex-combatants. Of these, 5,806 persons have completed registration to enter these projects. On the formal education side, a total of 2800 demobilised ex-fighters have been registered to undertake studies at various public and private educational institutions. Presently, a total of USD $ 28,816,982 has been pledged in contributions to the DDRR Trust Fund. This figure represents pledges and indications of amounts to be actually received. The actual amounts received so far remains at USD $ 13,517,073.81. At present, the Programme is facing the challenge of managing a credible and sustainable DDRR given the high numbers of persons disarmed compared with the initial planning figures of 38,000 and the low numbers of weapons that have been turned in. With at least two additional sites3 yet to be launched for further disarmament and demobilisation of combatants, the total figures are expected to further increase and strain the financial resources of the Trust Fund. Most of the Trust Fund expenditures have thus far focused on demobilisation activities, while the pace of project implementation for the reintegration of demobilised excombatants has been slow in comparison. It is evident that the rate of discharge with an encampment period of four to five days is much faster than the rate at which reintegration opportunities are generated. This document serves to inform donors and other interested parties to the DDRR Trust Fund of the activities undertaken and progress made in implementing the defined objectives of Programme. This report addresses the activities being implemented under the Programme by the United Nations in close coordination and conjunction with the National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL), donors, and implementing partners. The report also provides a summary of the Trust Fund account balance. The UNDP would like to thank all the donors who have so far made significant contributions to the UNDP Trust fund to ensure a successful implementation of the DDRR programme. A considerable challenge is expected to ensure a successful conclusion of the disarmament and demobilisation and sustain a meaningful reintegration program. All these are resource intensive and the UNDP would like to extend its appeal to all potential donors to provide adequate funding to accomplish the tasks it has started.
Fortnightly Statistical Monitoring Report (22 August 2004) produced by Monitoring and Evaluation Unit (M&E) Unit at the JIU. 2 Gbarnga, Buchanan, Tubmanburg, VOA, and Zwedru. 3 Two additional sites for disarmament and demobilisation have been identified in Voinjama and Harper. They are expected to be operational by end of August and end of September, respectively. Ganta, the sixth site, was recently launched on 17 August 2004. Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund
1. Introduction and Background

1.1 Liberias DDRR Programme
The successful implementation of Liberias Disarmament, Demobilisation, Rehabilitation, and Reintegration (DDRR) Programme is crucial to ensuring sustainable peace and security as envisaged by the signatories of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in Accra, Ghana on 18 August 2003. The DDRR Programme aims to consolidate national security through the comprehensive disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of all combatants into civilian society. This process is seen as a precondition to facilitating humanitarian assistance, restoration of civil authority, promotion of economic growth and development. It is hoped that the Programme will enable the combatants of the various factions to participate in the countrys national development and reconciliation. The institutional framework, operational strategy and policy guidelines for the Programme were defined last year after the signing of the peace agreement in the form of an Action Plan. This Plan was developed in October 2003 by a multidisciplinary team comprised of the United Nations, donors, and NGOs. Under this Action Plan, the National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilisation, Rehabilitation, and Reintegration (NCDDRR) would provide policy guidance to a Joint Implementation Unit (JIU), which has the primary responsibility for the implementation of the DDRR Programme. The Action Plan provided operational frameworks for the four components of the Programme. The disarmament (D1) and demobilisation (D2) of the combatants would take place at cantonment sites in the respective areas of the four main armed factions: the former Government of Liberia (exGoL), Liberia Armed Forces (AFL), Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), and the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL). Combatants would enter a process of handing over of weapons, registration, orientation and counseling. Upon discharge from the D2 site, the ex-combatants would receive the first half of a Transitional Safety Net Allowance (TSA), USD 150. They would also be transported back to their communities. The rehabilitation (R1) and reintegration (R2) phase of the Programme would entail payment of the second half of the TSA, long-term reintegration activities for the ex-combatants such as vocational skills training and formal education. War affected communities would also be involved in the reintegration and reinsertion of the ex-combatants into society. After the creation of the Action Plan, the other basic reference document of the Programme has been the DDRR Strategic Framework. This Framework was operationalised subsequently by two Joint Operations Plans (JOP).
1.2 Major Actors and Donors

The DDRR Programme is a multi-lateral effort by numerous parties and stakeholders, which includes the United Nations, the NTGL, key donors such as the European Commission (EC); the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Department for International Development (DFID); and, the international and local implementing partners. The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) is responsible for the overall implementation of the DDRR Programme. The activities that are the direct responsibility of and financed by the assessed budget of UNMIL are described as follows. All military-related activities of the disarmament of combatants: collection and destruction of weapons; construction of demobilisation and disarmament camps; provision of personal hygiene kits for the combatants; payment of the TSA; and, logistical support for the DD operations.
The civilian-related demobilisation activities such as camp management, registration, medical screening, pre-discharge orientation, feeding, counseling and civic education, and specific gender and children related services, have been financed from the Trust Fund. Reintegration activities are also covered under the Fund. In addition, the Trust Fund has also supported the establishment of the JIU and the Secretariat of the NCDDRR. The JIU and the NTGLs coordination unit of the NCDDRR are both responsible for the execution of the Programme, using funds from the Trust Fund, government budgetary resources for the NCDDRR, funding from UNDP core track resources, as well as other bilateral and multilateral sources. The total pledges amount to a total of USD $ 28,816,982 as indicated in the table below:
AMOUNTS PLEDGED S/N DONOR DESCRIPTION Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF CURRECY US$ SEK EURO US$ GBP USD CHF DKK VALUE 3,112,500 14,000,000 9,150,000 2,900,000 2,975,500 185,476 1,000,000 20,000,000 EQUIV. US$ 3,112,500 1,860,343 11,251,826 2,900,000 5,436,452 185,476 797,063 3,273,322 28,816,982
1 UNDP 2 Swedish 3 EC 4 US Govt. 5 DFID 6 Norway 7 Switzerland 8 Denmark
Grand Total
The following graph depicts the levels of contribution by each country:
12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 U N D P G ov t. D FI D C w ay is h nd E ed la D en m ar k
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The UN Agencies, such as WFP, UNICEF, WHO, and UNFPA, also play important roles in the Programme: technical assistance, supervision, and monitoring.
1.3 December 2003 August 2004: An Overview

The partners and key stakeholders of the DDRR Programme accomplished significant milestones during the period under review to put into action the commitments made by the various parties
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during the Accra Peace Accord. With the exception of minor skirmishes and operational difficulties ceasefire has generally held and the disarmament process continues apacewith some exceptional results in all the cantonment areas. The continued progress is due in part to the effective functioning of the Joint Monitoring Committee (JMC), ICGL, as well as the NCDDRR Policy Committee. Three committee meetings of the NCDDRR Policy Committee have been held during the period under review, which addressed specific concerns of the parties, as well as endorsed specific policy issues and the adoption of the Joint Operational Plan. Complementing the political effort is also the use of the Technical Coordination Committee (TCC) to enhance operational planning, as well as highlighting critical policy issues of consideration. The NTGL also responded to the reciprocal demand of the various factions with regard to ministerial appointments in support of confidence building and broad participation in governance. It is anticipated that the deployment of UNMIL troops, backed with concurrent efforts to retrain and rebuild a new Liberian Police Force, particularly in areas where demobilisation has been completed, will help in improving security situation in the country. Furthermore, sustained regional efforts and bilateral pressure over time are starting to bear fruit during the period under review. The first phase of the Programme commenced on 7 December 2003 at Camp Scheiffelin near Monrovia, the first cantonment site identified for disarmament and demobilisation of the first 1,000 combatants of the AFL. The process could not start in LURD or MODEL areas due to the limited deployment of UNMILs peacekeeping troops beyond the environs of Monrovia. Although this first phase of the DDRR Programme disarmed approximately 13,097 combatants during December 2003 and January 2004, the process was interrupted by an unanticipated escalation of violence and subsequent deterioration in the security situation in Monrovia, leading to the suspension of the Programme until April 2004. Concerted international and regional efforts, improved political management through the involvement of the key stakeholders, and UNMIL deployment in previously faction-controlled areas allowed the resumption of the Programme in April 2004. From January to early April 2004, efforts were, then, concentrated on initiating an extensive information and sensitisation campaign by the UNMIL Department of Public Information, in close collaboration with the JIU Information & Sensitisation Unit (ISU). Participation of the commanders of the various factions was also ensured. In addition, concurrent efforts at identification and construction of the first four cantonment sites in Gbarnga, Buchanan, Tubmanburg and VOA were initiated. This period was utilised to reinforce operational readiness; install the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system; recruitment of relevant technical assistance; procurement of essential items for the combatants; re-defining the configuration for cantonment sites management; and, securing a buy-in process through the deployment of the various commanders of the factions in conjunction with UNMIL military, disarmament and demobilisation facilitation officers. The process also mobilised concerted UN Agencies support and involvement as supervising agencies of relevant aspects of the DDRR process, as well as the contracting of various NGOs as implementing partners for most of the DDRR activities. Liberias DDRR Programme was finally re-inaugurated in mid April:
Cantonment Site Gbarnga * Buchanan *4 Tubmanburg VOA Zwedru Ganta
County Bong Grand Bassa Bomi Montserrado Grand Gedeh Nimba
Opening Date 15 April 20 April 25 April 30 April 7 July 17 August
Since the Programme was re-launched in mid-April, the number of persons who have gone through the disarmament and demobilisation process at the sites outlined above has exceeded 60,000. The DDRR strategic framework, however, was based on a planning figure of 38,000 combatants comprised from the armed factions of AFL, LURD, MODEL, GOL, and other para-military groups. An upward deviation of 70% from initial planning estimates indicates that the entry criterion into the DDRR programme needs a serious policy consideration. Moreover, the number of persons disarmed and demobilised is accompanied by a man-to-weapon ratio of far below the ideal rate of 1:1. The average number of weapon handed in by one combatant for the groups taking part in the Programme including the Other category is 0.28 %. The average percentage of combatants participating in the process by surrendering a weapon is 30.6%. On the other hand, the average percentage of persons participating through the handing in of ammunitions is 52.6%. Finally, the average percentage of combatants involved in the Programme by neither handing in weapons nor ammunition is 15.4%.5 The Rehabilitation and Reintegration component of the Programme was officially launched in June. The Reintegration Unit at the JIU now has the considerable task of encompassing an increased caseload of discharged ex-combatants in its policy and operational plans. A detailed description of activities conducted, the achievements, and the major challenges facing the reintegration process is made in section 4 of this document.
2. Implementation Framework and Processes

2.1 DDRR Trust Fund
To support the activities of the Programme, the Accra Peace Agreement included the establishment of a multi-donor DDRR Trust Fund to channel contributions from donors. This Trust Fund, managed and administered by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), provides a mechanism for donors to collect resources and coordinate support to the Programme. Financial resources from the UNDP-trust fund have been used to finance in-camp activities at the cantonment sites including transportation to drop-off points. A detailed account balance along with expenditures and commitments is provided in Annex I.
2.2 Organisation and Coordination

The Programme is a multi-lateral effort by numerous parties and stakeholders, which includes the United Nations, the National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL), donors, and implementing partners.
The cantonment sites at Gbarnga and Buchanan are now suspended. These statistics are taken from the latest Fortnightly Statistical Monitoring Report (22 August 2004) produced by the Monitoring and Evaluation Unit (M&E) Unit at the JIU.
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2.3 National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation, and Reintegration

The National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilisation, Rehabilitation, and Reintegration (NCDDRR) is responsible to provide the overall supervision and policy guidance to the Programme. The NCDDRR is a national institution established by the Accra Peace Agreement. The NCDDRR is comprised of representatives from the relevant NTGL Agencies, the factions, the UN, the ECOWAS and representatives of the EC and the US. The establishment of the NCDDRR coordination Secretariat has been directly supported by the Trust Fund. The Executive Director of the Commission and his staff also have an office space at 9th Street, Sinkor, Monrovia as well as at the JIU to facilitate the coordination of key activities with the different structures of the JIU. Nationwide, in all the regional office structures that are in the process of being established, an approximate total of 400 staff are currently employed by the NCDDRR coordination secretariat. The NCDDRR has played a lead role in the various phases of the implementation of the Programme. Before the recommencement of the second phase of the Programme, joint missions comprising NCDDRR staff and the UNMIL Public Information personnel carried out pre-disarmament sensitisation campaigns throughout Liberia. Starting 20 January 2004, a three-month information dissemination campaign was launched that involved 48 generals of the various factions. Communities and combatants were informed about the DDRR Programmes processes, especially with regards to benefits and the role of the host communities in helping to reintegrate combatants. The Commission also maintains its own website (www.ddrrliberia.org) and also airs a regular programme on a local radio station to highlight major DDRR issues and events. Since the recommencement of the Programme in April, NCDDRR field staff and DD facilitators have been deployed at the various D1 (disarmament) and D2 (demobilisation) sites. Staff was specifically assigned to assist UNMIL in the identification of combatants, as well as in the search and procedural pre-screening exercises at the sites. Former generals of the factions were also involved to assist UNMIL with the DD process and validation of the ex-fighters. In the rehabilitation and reintegration process, the NCDDRR executive director is a member of the PAC and the TCC and is involved in project proposal review and approval. The Commission has been trying to establish regional referral centers to support the DDRR process. Since it plays a pivotal role as an entity understanding the socio-political terrain of Liberia, appropriate material and staffing support needs to be provided to expand its coordination activities at the regional level particularly during the rehabilitation and reintegration process. The NCDDRR Secretariat has been working with the partners of the 10 approved projects. Personnel have been deployed to each of the registration centers to serve as monitors for the Programme. A more detailed description of the tasks of a typical regional referral office is made in section 4.
2.4 Joint Implementation Unit (JIU)

The Joint Implementation Unit (JIU) is the front face of the DDRR Programme that was established to ensure coordination and execution of the Programme. Headed by a Programme and Policy Advisor, the JIU is responsible for the implementation of the day-to-day operation and planning of the Programme. The Advisor directly reports to the UNDP Country Director on all management issues; and, provides policy guidance to the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG) for Operations and Rule of Law. The JIU is an interdisciplinary and interdepartmental entity composed of four units dealing with:
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(i) (ii)
(iii) (iv)
Disarmament and Demobilisation - staffed with expertise from UNMIL comprising a disarmament and demobilisation expert, demobilisation officers, field officers as well as qualified national staff. Rehabilitation and Reintegration - staffed with expertise from UNDP and other relevant agencies consisting of a reintegration operation expert and national experts in vocational training and small enterprise development; employment creation and apprenticeship promotion; agriculture and food production. Monitoring and Evaluation staffed with technical assistance from UNDP consisting of an M&E expert, and national staff such as systems analyst, programmer and M&E Field Monitors, and short-term data entry clerks. Information and Sensitisation - staffed with expertise from UNMIL and UNOCHA covering specialists in public information development and dissemination; social adaptation programmes in the area of civic education; psychosocial counselling; and, community-based reconciliation and peace-building measures. diagram below presents a structural view of the JIU:
The
National Commission On Disarmament, Demobilisation rehabilitation and Reintegration: Representatives from AU, ECOWAS, GOL, LURD, MODEL, UNMIL, NTGL relevant agencies Secretary (NTGL)
JOINT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT

Programmes and Policy Adviser
Technical Co-ordination Committee: WFP, UNDP, UNICEF, UNHCR MOD, UN, WHO
DEX UNIT Financial Management, Contracts, procurement, Disbursement, reports budget etc (UNDP)
Project Approval Committee: EU, WB, USAID, UNICEF UNDP, UN, NTGL
Disarmament and Demobilisation (UNMIL)
Information and Sensitization (OCHA)
Monitoring and Evaluation (UNDP)
Rehabilitation and Reintegration (UNDP)
Located in Sinkor, in Monrovia, the JIU is well established with fully staffed with international staff mainly in the capacity of programme and policy coordination and unit-based technical advisory activities. It also has a considerable number of programme and administrative support staff in the various units. To efficiently facilitate the rehabilitation and reintegration of the ex-combatants, six field referral and counselling offices are being set up in Greater Monrovia - Montserrado, Voinjama Lofa County, Gbarnga Bong County, Zwedru Grand Gedeh County, Buchanan - Grand Bass County and, Harper Mary Land County.
2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Unit

The Monitoring and Evaluation Unit (M & E) Unit is set up to support the DDRR Programme and is located at the JIU. The M & E Unit was responsible for designing the instruments used in the DDRR Programme to collect and collate information on the combatants. Various instruments are used including data
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collection forms from the disarmament and demobilization sites. A specific access-based computer program is built to aid all the outputs such IDs, reports and statistical analysis. The disarmament form which had been pre-numbered during printing (to ensure every combatant has a unique PIN) captures basic demographic data on a combatant, the fighting force to which they belong as well as information on the weapons and ammunitions they surrendered to UNMIL military personnel. The forms are completed by UNMIL Military Observers (MILOBS) at the Disarmament sites (D1). The demobilisation registration form is designed to further determine the extent of the combatants involvement with the fighting forces. Administered correctly, it helps to determine whether the combatant is truly eligible or has bought his/her way into the programme because of perceived benefits. This registration, which was originally assigned to the MILOBS, is now done by non-military enumerators hired by camp managers at the cantonment centres (D2) supervised by UNDP enumerator supervisors. The reintegration registration not only captures the socioeconomic profile of the ex-combatant but is also an ideal tool to know the indicative preferred areas of settlements. This form also provides information about who the ex-combatant was before the war and her preferred post-demobilisation reintegration benefit. These forms are also filled out at D2 by the enumerators. Ex-combatants who have gone through all the registration process are photographed and issued with ID cards. The photographs are taken using a digital camera configured to work with a laptop that uses software called ID Works. The software captures the serial number on the disarmament form, the name of the ex-combatant and the age. The age determines whether an adult or a child ID card is issued. UNDP camera operators at the cantonment centres carry out this activity. The photographs and database are transferred from the laptops to a re-writable CD or flash/memory stick when the last ex-combatant has been processed for the day. The forms together with the memory stick are sent to the JIU in Monrovia for further processing. At the M&E Unit at the JIU, the forms are processed and fed by the data entry clerks into a database that uses an SQL Server as a backend and a web-based front-end interface. The form with the most priority for entry is for disarmament as it facilitates the production of the ID cards. The forms entered are matched with an ID Works database to identify any possible mismatch in information. If there are no errors, all the ID cards are printed by the production team using ID Works software installed on a desktop computer. Attached to the computer is a Data Card Image IV Duplex printer with topcoat facilities that produces tamper proof cards. Figure 1 illustrates a copy of the card. The produced cards are registered in the central JIU database from which payment lists are produced for the UNMIL Finance section and payment vouchers are produced for the signature of the ex-combatants. The cards and the vouchers are packaged and returned to the cantonment centres through UNMIL escorts by road where possible or by helicopter shuttles. The data entry clerks also feed the demobilisation, reintegration and medical screening forms into the central database. The medical forms were designed by WHO and administered at the cantonment centres by agencies under their supervision. With regards to the economic reintegration of the ex-combatants, all registration lists prepared by institutions whose projects have been approved or those in formal education are forwarded to the M&E Unit. The data entry clerks enter the names into the central database and validated lists are prepared. These lists form the basis for the request for disbursement by the Reintegration Unit to the DEX Unit. The registration database prevents multiple registrations by the ex-combatants by validating them for only one institution.
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Since registration itself is not enrolment, ex-combatants who enroll into projects or other institutions, are tracked and the information is entered into the central database. This prevents ex-combatants from double dipping as all future registration lists are compared against the database. To perform its tasks, the M&E collaborates closely with the UNMIL DD Section to expedite the ongoing activities at the D1 and D2 sites. This involves but is not limited to: Timely processing of all registration forms received from the various cantonment sites. Timely production of identification cards for all ex-combatants. This is absolutely crucial to the discharge of programme participants on the morning of Day 5 of their stay at D2 sites. These ID cards carry a unique number that is used to access TSA payments and reintegration opportunities. Producing a list for the UNMIL DD section based on the ID cards produced which is used to process the exact amount needed for TSAs. Producing the vouchers for receipt of the money by programme participants at the cantonment sites.
On the reintegration side, the Unit works closely with the JIU Reintegration Unit to provide information on the socioeconomic profiles of ex-combatants. The Unit also summarises the training and resettlement preferences of the programme participants. This information enables Programme Officers to plan reintegration activities. The Unit also validates all programme participants before they are placed in programmes to prevent double dipping or abuses in the access to entitlements and reintegration opportunities. This will ensure transparency and accuracy in the control and tracking of programme participants. When approved projects are inaugurated, the Unit provides: An opportunity for ongoing assessment of project outcomes and effectiveness. Technical documentation of conditions and factors affecting the beneficiary populations before and during programme implementation. Documentation of the incidence of external factors improving or impeding the intended programme results.
To inform partners and donors on the DDRR Programme, the Unit produces a fortnightly report, which gives comprehensive information on the status of programme implementation. The Unit also periodically prepares operational and statistical reports. Furthermore, the Unit responds to various requests for data from partners like NTGL/NCDDRR, UNMIL DD Section and the ISU at the JIU on a daily basis. The Unit is presently working with UNICEF to consolidate the data on the number of children in the DDRR Programme. The Unit is currently exchanging data with IOM on the drop-off points of the ex-combatants from D2 sites. Following the launch of Phase II of the Programme, the Unit has a workforce comprising 30 data entry clerks working in two shifts six days a week at the JIU. This workforce also includes 12 camera
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operators and 7 enumerator supervisors working at the various cantonment sites. The M&E Unit is headed by a national Manager and supported by an international technical adviser.
2.6 PAC Process

P roposal R eceipt JIU /D E X P roposal S election B y the T C C C apacity A ssessm ent P roposal D evelopm ent F inal R eview by the U N D P -D E X P resentation to P A C F or A pproval C ontract P reparation A nd D isbursem ent
The first meeting of the Project Approval Committee (PAC) of the DDRR Programme took place on Friday, 30 January 2004. Representatives from the US, EU and UK, the three major donors present in Liberia, attended along with representatives from the NCDDRR, UNMIL, UNDP and UNICEF. Subsequently, the PAC has met on 24 March, 7 May, 19 May, 16 June, 24 July, and 27 August. The Minutes of the PAC Meetings are documented and circulated to the members for approval. The objective of the PAC is to transparently review, evaluate, recommend, approve and projects proposed and funded under the Liberia DDRR Trust Fund managed by UNDP. Prior to presentation to the PAC, the project proposals are first submitted to the JIU. The Technical Coordination Committee (TCC) reviews the proposals. The JIU and the DEX Unit at the UNDP assess the capacity of the organisations or NGOs through visits and interviews before the project proposals are presented to the PAC.
2.7 Technical Coordination Committee

In order to ensure concerted agency support for the implementation of the DDRR Programme, the JIU has relied on the mechanism of the Technical Coordination Committee (TCC) to promote sound technical input in support of operations planning and implementation. The TCCs purpose is to consult and inform external programme partners on critical issues of planning and programme development with regard to the DDRR programme. The Committee provides a broad forum for technical and strategic consultation in support of rational programming for all the DDRR activities. The responsibilities of the TCC are to: (i) (ii) (iii) Identify strategic, operational and technical issues that may impact on the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration process; Develop technical standards, guidelines, and operating principles, which will be adhered to by all involved in the implementation of specific DDRR activities; Provide the framework for securing the support of key partners with regard to input to plan and implement disarmament and demobilisations activities as well as reintegration process; Provide the basis for operational planning and consensus on issues relating to disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration; and On a regular basis identify key policy issues that need to be resolved by the policy committee and provide policy options to the NCDDRR for consideration.
(iv) (v)
The TCC is constituted on relevant sector-basis such as disarmament and demobilisation and reintegration. These meetings are held on a fortnightly basis or as when required. The membership and participation will vary on the basis of the sector. During the period under review, over twelve meetings of the TCC were held. Through this effort, major stakeholders provide different institutional perspectives, substantive technical input and policy
15
recommendations on the process. Participation at the TCC consists of representation from the EC, WFP, WHO, USAID, UNFPA, a representative of the NTGL, UNMIL, UNHCR, and UNOCHA and relevant line ministries, as well as NGO representatives.
2.8 Programme Execution and Funding

The Direction Execution (DEX) Unit at the UNDP is responsible for the overall financial management, operations and procurement for the Programme. Tasks of the DEX Unit include procurement of goods, services and other items, screening and recommending UNDPs approval and payment. The Unit is also tasked with monitoring expenditures related to the activities financed by the Trust Fund. The DEX Unit is comprised of UNDP staff at the UNDP Country Office. The Head of the Unit, along with an international Programme and Financial analyst, and an international reporting officer, comprise the Unit. In addition, three national officers support the Unit. UNDP participates in the direct financing of the costs of the DEX Unit through the Trust Fund. Part of the DEX Units tasks is establishment of a sound, independent monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the entire Fund. It also actively participates in all implementation mechanisms of the Programme: the PAC, the TCC, and other various forums at the JIU. UNDP plays a significant role in the Programme as a whole. The Trust Fund is directly managed and administered through the DEX Unit. UNDP staff members are also deployed to the JIU for the following: Programme and Policy with support staff Reintegration Unit with support staff Monitoring and Evaluation Unit with support staff at the JIU and the field Logistics and Operational Planning
The progress reporting is the prime responsibility of the UNDP Resident Representative in Monrovia. These reports are also to be submitted to the donors through UNDP Headquarters in New York to the relevant Permanent Missions to the United Nations. These progress reports will include the status of intended outputs, achievements and progress on the programme. On an annual basis, UNDP will provide financial reports on income and expenditure of the Trust Fund to donors, in accordance with UNDPs financial regulations and rules. An annual financial statement will be prepared for the Fund showing income and expenditures as of 31 December of every year and shall be submitted by the 30th June i.e. six months after. Contributions made available will be subject exclusively to the internal and external-auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations, rules and directives of UNDP. Should an Audit Report of the Board of Auditors of UNDP to its governing body contain observations relevant to the contributions, such information will be available to the donors. A formal donors conference was held in New York in February 2004 to inform donors and partners of the DDRR Programmes plan and projected financial needs. The conference confirmed continued donor support of the Programme and paved the way for subsequent fund raising efforts. During the period under review the Programme also continued to maintain close working relations with the major international stakeholders including DFID, EC, USAID, UNICEF, WFP and other UN agencies.
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Following up on a pledge of financial support from many donors, the UNMIL leadership, through the office of the SRSG sent out letters of notification to a number of donor nations on the current financial projections and needs for the DDRR Programme.
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3. Programme Components of Disarmament and Demobilisation

3.1 Disarmament and Collection of Weapons
The re-commencement of the DDRR Programme in April 2004 marked the second phase of the Programme. The four sites have registered and processed approximately 50% more combatants than the planning figure from the two Joint Operations Plans. Since April 15, a total of 68,062 fighters have been disarmed including men, women, and Children Associated with Fighting Forces (CAFFs). This includes the Camp Scheiffelin caseload. The total personsdemobilised figure stands at 63,851. This cumulative figure represents a variety of data on numbers of female fighters, child soldiers, numbers by site and faction that has been gathered in a database maintained by the Monitoring & Evaluation Unit at the JIU. The latest Fortnightly Statistical Monitoring Report produced by JIU is attached in Annex II. The numbers of weapons and ammunition collected during this period provides another indication of the progress made during the reporting period: a total of 20,227 weapons, 5,164,327 Small Arms Ammunition (SAA), and 21,225 other ammunition. The fact that the initial projection of 38,000 has been far exceeded during Phase III represents one of the many difficulties the Programme faced during both the planning and implementation phases of the DDRR Programme: the inability to receive from the various factions a comprehensive listing of the accurate numbers of ex-combatants under their command. It is crucial that unless a stringent regime of eligibility criteria is enforced and backed up with a rigorous screening process, the Programme risks losing credibility if a highly unacceptable number of combatants is processed. This is particularly significant considering the low man-to-weapon ratio. Compounding this phenomenon is the Programmes flexibility to accommodate the advocacies of special interests groups for children and women to allow admission to this particular category of people without necessarily submitting weapons. Results and Lessons Learned: Disarmament As the number of disarmed and demobilised ex-combatants grows higher, it is becoming evident that the Programme is not being executed as planned. Not only does this have financial implications, but could also raise doubts over credibility and accountability. It is reasonable to state that due to the inability of the various factions in the Liberian conflict to provide us with accurate lists of members of their forces, the Programme was unable to establish an overall caseload that is expected to be disarmed and demobilised during the process for planning purposes. It is evident that a large number of non-combatants are entering into the programme by simply submitting ammunition. Many persons who enter the Programme choose not to indicate their faction and are counted in an other category. Out of the 20,964 in this category, 18,496 are adult males as opposed to 2,468 females. This discrepancy is currently being investigated by the JIU in consultation with UNMIL. Since the total number of male child ex-combatants is 4,175, this ratio rebuts the general conclusion that specialised agencies and their respective NGOs are contributing
18
to the highly skewed figure in the other category, which alone represents more than 35% of the entire caseload. On the contrary, the vague eligibility criteria and reluctance to use the Military Observers to enforce rigorous screening process are major hindrances in the process. The Programme runs the risk of missing out genuine combatants at the end of the programme, which in turn could pose significant threat to national security, as well as undermine the credibility of the Programme, should the current practice persist. The process so far has revealed a man-to-weapon ratio, which remains below expectations given the high number of arms circulating in Liberia. This may call for a need to reverse the eligibility criteria for entering into the programme. Disarmament is a military operation and one of the key indicators of its success is the number of arms and ammunitions collected during the process. Against the background of the experience so far, more stringent eligibility criteria, as well as rigorous screening process by the Military Observers, are necessary in order to protect the credibility of the Programme. The Programme does acknowledge that not all persons within each faction possess weapons and ammunitions, however, past experiences have proven that once the fighting forces perceive eligibility criteria as open for discussion, flexible and lenient, they tend to hide their best troops and weapons, and generally are pre-disposed to submit unarmed men, children, women and the handicapped. Therefore, the threat of cordon and search operations and moral sanctions must be maintained as credible options to enforce compliance. There are indications that the quality of weapons collected during the process is relatively good, against a background of highly skewed weapons and ammunitions turned in by the factions. However, clear policy decision is required to empower the Military Observers to confiscate all weapons of poor quality and deny those bringing them entry into the programme. The Programme also requires clear policy guidelines and decisions in regard to those excombatants who surrendered to ECOMIL with or without weapons or those claiming to have either discarded their weapons or have had them confiscated by their commanders. It is proposed that these categories of ex-combatants be screened, registered and issued photo I.D. cards; and, allowed to participate in the Reintegration Programme. However, it is not advisable for them to receive the TSA. This is necessary to maintain consistency in the Programme (submission of arms and ammunitions as pre-conditions to access the DDRR benefits and services) and taking into account the financial implications of supporting a rather high number of beneficiaries for the entitlement support.
3.2 Demobilisation
The Demobilisation process is an integral fiveday period6 that ex-combatants participate in after disarming at a Disarmament site. After handing in his or her weapon, each combatant is registered and verified, and provided with a photographed personal identification card. During the registration process, socioeconomic data is collected. Each person is also medically screened and handed a NonFood Item (NFI) kit before being assigned to a dormitory. During his or her stay at the camp, each ex-combatant is fed and counseled. Vulnerable groups such as Children Associated with Fighting Forces (CAFF) and
6
Children stay longer in the ICCs due to the time it takes to trace and unify the children with families.
19
women are selected for tailored programmes in separate areas. These demobilisation activities take place in a cantonment camp setting with a team of service providers contracted by UNDP and financed through the Trust Fund. It is a multi-tasked and multifaceted team effort that requires a high level of coordination and cooperation from various parties including the NGOs, UNMIL, NCDDRR, UNDP, and the other UN Agencies. While implementing partners involved in activities at the cantonment sites are both international and national NGOs, the significant majority of the staff that is employed through the Trust Fund contracted projects are Liberians. 3.2.1 Supervision The supervision of the various activities that take place at each demobilisation site is summarised as follows: Cantonment Management UNMIL/NCDDRR Food Management WFP Pre-Discharge Orientation UNDP Transport - UNDP Medical Screening WHO Reproductive Health and Sexually Based Gender Violence UNFPA Interim Care Centres UNICEF Communication UNDP/FITTEST The Trust Fund is directly financing the supervision costs of the World Food Programme (WFP), the World Health Organisation (WHO), and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The Trust Fund has also funded the establishment of the NCDDRR secretariat at the JIU. The role of the supervising agencies is crucial to the process and ensures management, responsibility and accountability. WFPs role, for example, includes assistance for food procurement, supervision and monitoring food distribution both in the different cantonment sites and the ICCs. WHO has been responsible for the overall monitoring and supervising of the medical screening of the ex-combatants. WHOs contribution to the health care provision at the camps includes setting of the basic guidelines and ensuring that the basic standards for medical screening are provided. The screening has been conducted by national NGOs under WHOs technical supervision. Social workers directly employed and supervised by UNFPA carried out awareness activities related to reproductive health, family planning, and gender issues, including sexual and gender based violence. The main objective was to ensure that all ex-combatants were exposed to issues of safe sexual practices and gender rights. UNDP and UNICEF are directly funding supervision costs for their respective areas of PreDischarge Orientation and Transport, and Interim Care Centres from their own core funds. United Nations Childrens Funds (UNICEF) main area has been related to child protection and ensuring the following at each ICC: provision of nutritious food, clothing, psychosocial services, recreation and sporting activities, information education, pre-vocational counseling, heath services, and family tracing and reunification. 3.2.2 Service Providers The services provided at the sites include: camp management, feeding, pre-discharge orientation, medical screening, reproductive health and sexually based gender violence, interim care centres, and transportation. A description of the activities along with the names of the partners contracted for each area of is provided in the next section. The information is based upon the activity reports submitted by the
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implementing partners participating in the first four camps: namely, Gbarnga, Buchanan, Tubmanburg, and VOA. 3.2.3 Camp Management Contracts for the demobilisation camps were awarded in February and March to the following implementing partners: Table I Cantonment Site Gbarnga Buchanan Tubmanburg VOA Implementing Partner Lutheran World Federation-World Service (LWF-WS) Lutheran World Federation-World Service (LWF-WS) Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR)
Effective camp management has been crucial to the success of the demobilisation process: the provision of effective leadership in an environment that facilitates the demobilisation of former combatants, and to ensure proper coordination of programmes provided by the counterpart agencies and service. LWF-WS was awarded two management contracts for the camp supervision of Gbarnga and Buchanan. The opening of Gbarnga on 15 April marked the recommencement of the DDRR Programme. The D2 site in Gbarnga lies within the boundaries of the abandoned CARI agricultural research station south west of the main city of Gbarnga on the main road connecting Gbarnga to Monrovia. Gbarnga is a stronghold of the LURD faction and as such, has been catering to fighters of this group. The D2 site in Buchanan is north west of the main city. The entire camp occupies the Buchanan Airfield. The camp was intended to receive both MODEL and ex-GOL combatants. The D2 site managed by NRC in Tubmanburg is situated close to the main city and has been mainly receiving LURD fighters. The fourth camp to open during the second phase of the Programme lies within the environs of Monrovia in Careysburg, VOA. It is a demobilisation site for ex-combatants from the GOL group and the Camp Scheiffelin caseload. The camp is supervised by UMCOR.
All the camp management partners at the four sites faced the task of managing the demobilisation site with more ex-combatants than originally planned: this led to a changing operating environment, with more demand on several camp functions, but has also been partly offset by the shorter cantonment period. The changed operating assumptions have forced the partners to reinforce some of the functions with more staff than originally envisaged.
3.2.4 Food Management Food management as provided by the implementing partners in the camps is summarised the table below: Table II
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Cantonment Site Gbarnga Buchanan Tubmanburg VOA
Implementing Partner Premiere Urgence (PU) Premiere Urgence (PU) Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) Premiere Urgence (PU)
Proposals from PU and NRC were selected among others through WFP assessment and approval made by the Project Approval Committee (PAC). The two partners are closely supervised and provided with food commodities by WFP. Ex-combatants receive three cooked meals per day (the average number of excombatants per day is 1,000). The partners are also responsible for the distribution of take-home rations for month to the excombatants and two dependents upon discharge. Constraints experienced both by NRC and PU at the four sites are summarised as follows: Variation on the announced and actual number of intake of ex-combatants Late arrivals Late departures Weak water supply
Such constraints have a direct impact in the preparation of food to be served and distributed to the ex-combatants. Pre-Discharge Orientation Pre-Discharge Orientation is an essential element in the discharge process. The objectives of this orientation are to provide ex-combatants going through the demobilisation process with essential information about: Programme benefits and payment procedures, including safeguarding of the ID card and discharge certificate; Career counselling and other forms of specialised counselling, employment, and other economic reintegration opportunities; The role of the NCDDRR and JIU; Health issues (including services and preventive care, first aid, and basic education on AIDS and on access to resources for counselling and support); Community social networks of support; and, Civic education and rights issues and peace education.
The following partners in the four cantonment sites carried out pre-Discharge Orientation (PDO) activities:
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Table III Cantonment Site Gbarnga Buchanan Tubmanburg VOA Implementing Partner Lutheran World Federation-World Service (LWF-WS) Lutheran World Federation-World Service (LWF-WS) Foundation for International Dignity (FIND) Search for Common Ground/Talking Drums
The orientation of new arrivals was conducted by LWF-WS in conjunction with the Lutheran Church of Liberia (LCL) at the sites in Gbarnga and Buchanan. Three hours of classes on a routine basis were conducted for all ex-combatants; these classes include themes of peace and human rights, trauma counseling, peace building, and civic education. FIND, a national NGO, was engaged in PDO activities at the Tubmanburg cantonment site. FINDs PDO programme consisted of modules in the following areas: Relationship building Personal development and career counseling Trauma healing and reconciliation Conflict resolution and peace building General human rights Civic education Return to civil society - opportunities and challenges
FINDs methodology is based on lectures, group discussions and individual tasks. The main timetable was organised so that the sessions take place with groups from each of the dormitories. Each structure is based on a certain theme and covered by three 45-minute sessions. Talking Drums, another Liberian NGO, implemented PDO activities at VOA. These activities were divided into four 45-minute sessions under the following four activities: Sensitisation of ex-combatants and communities about the DDRR process Preparation of ex-combatants psychologically for return to communities of origin or choice To provide career counseling to disarmed combatants To educate combatants on their civic and human rights, duties and responsibilities Talking Drums mainly employed the method of participatory techniques given the number of persons per session, and the diverse level of comprehension and articulation among the participants. Some of these techniques included group work, brain storming sessions, role-play, testimonies, and visual representation of abstract ideas. Talking Drums also provided recreation and entertainment for the disarmed combatants to support and compliment the PDO
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activities. This included live band and cultural dances. Recommendations and observations made by the partners implementing PDO activities at the sites mainly focus on the reintegration and rehabilitation part of the Programme given the nature and objectives of pre-discharge orientation. As Talking Drums have summarised the impact their activities may have:
On the one hand, the impact of the work can be measured in the direct outputs the positive response in the present disarmament process as well as the level of involvement by the excombatants in the PDO activities. On the other, the duration of the project is so limited to effect substantial attitude and behavioral changes. Behavioral changes will be measured through engagement with ex-combatants when they return to their communities of origin or choice.
As such, the Reintegration segment of the DDRR Programme is crucial to sustaining the process of Disarmament and Demobilisation that the ex-combatants have gone through. 3.2.5 Medical Screening The purpose of medical screening in the DDRR Programme has been to identify serious diseases or impairments, which may affect the ex-combatants future ability for economic and social reintegration. It indicates the specific needs for different types of rehabilitation interventions. Table IV Cantonment Site Gbarnga Buchanan Tubmanburg VOA Implementing Partner Center for the Rehabilitation of the Injured & Disabled (CRID) Medical Emergency & Relief Cooperative International (MERCI) Center for the Rehabilitation of the Injured & Disabled (CRID) Ta Medical Emergency & Relief Cooperative International (MERCI)
The selection and training of these national health NGOs has been closely supervised and monitored by WHO. A training workshop was organised by WHO for the staff of these NGOs prior to the commencement of the Programme in mid April. The medical examination itself since the launch of the Programme has been taking place according to guidelines and standards set by WHO. Medical screening forms, referral forms, daily tally sheets and amputee forms have been used. The drug consumption, following WHO guidelines for treatment of different diseases, was done appropriately. The National Drug Service (NDS), contracted by the Trust Fund, provided the required drugs to MERCI and CRID in accordance with WHO supervision and approval. The provision of drugs was based on treatments provided at each cantonment site. Weekly morbidity reports from all four sites were compared to the total number of drugs used and matched correctly with the prescriptions.
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MERCI carried out medical screening at Buchanan and VOA. Their medical team is comprised of one doctor per camp, physician assistants, nurses, certified midwives, laboratory technicians and support staff. The medical screening included a thorough medical examination of the ex-combatants. Laboratory investigations were carried out on those ex-combatants whose conditions required further investigations. Treatment for some disease conditions was provided. Additionally, immunisation against tetanus was provided for female ex-combatants who were of childbearing age, and immunisation for measles for children up to 15 years of age. Common medical conditions seen at both Buchanan and VOA included skin infections, ARI (acute respiratory infection), STI (sexually transmitted infection), malaria, trauma, and war-related wounds. Ex-combatants demobilised at Buchanan with medical and surgical conditions requiring hospital care were referred to the Oriented Timber Company Hospital or the Liberian Government Hospital in the main city of Buchanan. Those demobilised at VOA requiring referral treatment were sent to the MSF CH Benson Hospital, MSF-F Hospital, the JFK ICRC Surgical Hospital, the Centre-1 Eye Care Centre, and the TB Annex. Ambulances provided by UNDP transferred such patients. CRID provided medical screening for ex-combatants in Gbarnga and Tubmanburg. The implementation strategy was similar to that of MERCI: To register and screen disarmed militiamen To provide routine laboratory investigations To provide care for the treatment of common diseases and disabilities such as amputation, blindness, skin diseases To provide medical screening and care with the strict confidentiality Refer cases to UNMIL Level 2 designated hospitals when required To provide basic health education for the ex-combatants
The CRID team is composed of laboratory staff, clinical staff and community health workers to implement its project on the sites. CRID has cited that a significant number of ex-combatants seeking medical screening and treatment have orthopedic problems. Many are believed to be HIV positive, while others suffering from schistosomiasis. Observations made by CRID reflect the medical needs of the ex-combatants in the process:
It is clear that the medical intervention at the various camps remains a critical component of the overall DDRR process. Many of the ex-combatants have had no medical care for a protracted period. Hence, a number of cases are being discovered, treated, or referred to prepare them for easy integration into civilian life.
Analysis of the Medical Screening Data of Demobilised Ex-combatants
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The World Health Organisation has completed an analysis of the data that has been gathered at the cantonment sites. The period covered by the Analysis is 15 April 15 August. A working figure of 65,000 ex-combatants has been used. Diseases trend among screened ex-combatants The bulk of the consultations carried out in the cantonment sites fall under the category of others. Others stands for unspecific symptoms that are not possible to classify under any of the disease categories i.e. headache, stomachache, joints or backache. Most of these symptoms are not identified at the medical screening that is conducted on the day of registration but one or two days later. According to the medical teams, there are two different explanations: one is the fact that some of the ex-combatants could have been consuming drugs, like cannabis, and after one or two days without it, would experience a smooth abstinence syndrome, including anxiety and body pains. The second possibility is that most of the ex-combatants, already thinking of their discharge, want to accumulate some drugs to carry with them. In support of this theory is the fact that on the discharging day almost all of them go through the clinic with different complaints. The most common diseases diagnosed and treated at the cantonment sites include: Malaria, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), Skin Infections, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and Worms. If we analyse the monthly epidemiological report prepared by WHO for the month of July (last column of the table), including information from 11 counties and 125 health facilities, among 139,067 consultations, we can see that Malaria and ARI are quite more common among the communities (39.43% by 6.99% and 23.87% by 8.51%) while Skin Infections and Worms are more common among the ex-combatants (12.44% by 0.42% and 4.03% by 2.48%). This suggests a lack of hygiene conditions among the ex-combatants (lack of habits, lack of products, or both). Common Diseases Screened XCs Consultations Malaria ARI Skin infections Worms STI Boys 4462 2568 8.37% 13.79% 16.59% 7.24% 2.26% Girls 1294 699 12.16% 19.46% 6.58% 6.29% 7.73% Women 11378 6339 8.05% 6.06% 5.00% 2.73% 8.38% Men 48193 31833 6.55% 8.33% 13.71% 3.98% 4.31% Total 65327 41439 6.99% 8.51% 12.44% 4.03% 4.86% Monthly Report 139067 39.43% 23.87% 0.42% 2.48% 5.84%
For STI, we can see that the frequency is one point below the outside rate (4,86% for 5.84%). When compared to the statistics of the reproductive health agencies managing the STI awareness activities at the cantonment sites, mainly among women, the figure raised up to 70%-80%. This disparity shows that due to lack of knowledge of the symptoms, or lack of confidence with the screeners, a ten-minutes check is not long enough to capture the information on these diseases. It is necessary to take into account the war conditions (abduction, rapes, promiscuity) and assume that the STI figures are similar in men and women. The small number of ex-combatants suffering from Tuberculosis and Schistosomiasis were referred to the National Programmes in their places of origin. Diseases Referred for Hospital Treatment Screened XCs Eyes Hernia Orthopedics Boys 4462 13 9 5 Girls 1294 1 1 0 Women 11378 71 19 23 Men 48193 685 432 307 Total 65327 770 461 335
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The most common reasons for hospital referral include eyes problems. A total of 770 ex-combatants were referred for treatment, 1,18% out of 65,000 screened: men - 685 (1,05%); women - 71 (0,10%); girls - 1 (0,0015%), boys - 13 (0,02%). Approximately 50% of the eyes cases undertook surgery. This is followed by hernia with 461 cases (0,70%) out of 65,000: men - 432 (0,66%), women -19 (0,029%), girls - 1 (0.0015%), boys - 9 (0,013%). The third common reason for hospital referral is orthopedics with a total of 335 cases (0.51%) out of 65,000: men - 307 (0.47%); women - 23 (0,035%); girls - 0; boys - 5 (0.0076%). Most of the cases have been treated appropriately and timely except for the ones that required elective surgery. For instance, some hernias, due to the fact that the ex-combatants were into the cantonment site just four days and, these problems require, most of the time, being included in a waiting list for several weeks. For the orthopedic cases, some of them were treated at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) supported facilities but the lack of specialists for this kind of surgery made the issue more complicated, and there is need to find a solution. Special Programmes Concerning the issue of mental disabilities, no psychotic diseases (i.e. schizophrenia or paranoia) were seen at the cantonment sites. Some minor signs of neurosis (anxiety, aggressiveness) were detected. This could be due to the lack of cannabis (marihuana), but due to the fact of not having an appropriate mental health specialist we cannot make any conclusion. A few cases of epilepsy were identified. The Needs Assessment conducted by the United Nations and the World Bank, supported by the National Transitional Government of Liberia (Liberia), showed that the assistance to the disabled as a cause of war was an essential component of the DDRR process. The initial targeted number of disabled was 4,000, but the document prepared for the donor conference estimates ex-combatants with disability at 1,400. According to the UN DDRR Action Plan in Liberia, the approximate number of disabled ex-combatants is about 1,000 and they were considered a special target group. The graph below illustrates the information gathered on ex-combatants processed that are amputees.
120 Men 100 Women Girls <18 80 Boys<18
60
104
40
68
20 3 2
Shoulder Disarticulation Syme Below Knee Partial Foot Toe
35 11 2
40 27 12 1
Above Elbow
1
Hip Disarticulation
2 1
Above Knee
1
Through Knee
1
Below Elbow
1
Wrist Fingers
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A total of 323 amputees ex-combatants have been screened with a wide range of amputation (see above table). Above knee amputation accounts for 33.4% (108), below knee amputation is 21.6% (70) and third in rank is the below elbow amputation 11.1% (36). Boys less than 18 years account for 0.93% (3) and girls less than 18 years for 0.31% (1). Women account for 1.55% (5) and men 97.21% (314). Comparing the number of amputees by age and sex to the total number of excombatants screened: 0.49% (323) total amputees; boys 0.0044% (3); girls 0.0014% (1); men 0.46% (314); and women 0.0074% (5). We have been contacting the concerned agencies and participating on the design of the rehabilitation programme that will start early September, including feeding and accommodation for the amputees coming from outside Monrovia. Recommendations to improve the Medical Screening at the cantonment sites are outlined below: Improve Hygiene Education programmes among ex-combatants. Reinforce management and awareness programmes of STI for all ex-combatants and host communities to avoid STI and minimise the risk of HIV. Commence the amputees rehabilitation programme, expanding, if possible, to orthopedic surgical interventions. Support the government plans of increasing the number of health facilities in the country from 269 to 355 by the end of 2005, starting by the counties of preference for the excombatants reinstallation. Regarding the issue of serious impairments, we can see that just a 0.49% of the ex-combatants have an amputation (see range table), and among them, 50% can be provided with prosthesis in the next six-month period. Most of the eye impairments (cataracts and foreign bodies) have been already successfully treated, while the hernias are not an emergency and can be treated at due time as elective surgery. For the orthopedics cases, some of them could benefit from the amputees rehabilitation programmes surgery facilities. Concerning the more common diseases treated inside the cantonment sites, we can say that both Skin Infections and STI could be prevented quite easily developing programmes of hygiene and health education among the ex-combatants as well as among the host communities that will receive them. As a final remark, it can be stated that almost 100% of the ex-combatants can be reintegrated into the society without any major health problem. 3.2.6 Reproductive Health and Sexually Based Gender Violence The addressing of Reproductive Health and Sexually Based Gender Violence (SBGV) issues of excombatants at the cantonment sites has been closely monitored and supervised by UNFPA. The implementing partners at the four sites were the following: Table V Cantonment Site Gbarnga Buchanan Tubmanburg VOA Implementing Partner International Rescue Committee (IRC) Pentecostal Mission Unlimited (PMU) International Rescue Committee (IRC) International Rescue Committee (IRC)
The broad objectives of this component are the creation of awareness of family planning and gender-related issues.
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Specific objectives of awareness creation related to reproductive health and family planning as envisaged by UNFPA included: Review of past and present medical history on Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) of target population Screening for STIs (using the most recent syndromic management protocols) Treatment of STIs following screening and chief complaints Reproductive Health Education and proper use of condoms
Those objectives related to the delivery of awareness of Sexually Based Gender Violence included: Screening for rape victims (using confidential interview methodology) Interviewing women and adolescent girls to know their SGBV status Treatment of STIs and other infections in raped victims Providing care for and treatment for SGBV victims SGBV awareness creation, including the implication of rape on sexual health and human rights of women and adolescent girls population
Based on the general objectives outlined by the supervising agency, the implementing partners on ground have provided the services. IRC has mainly focused its programme on the effective demobilisation of women at VOA, Tubmanburg, and Gbarnga. Their aim has been to ensure particular needs of women and as such, has implemented a specific set of activities. These included the gathering of information through interviews. The information gathered by IRC includes basic demographic data, mode of recruitment, experience of violence, county of return, and educational background. IRC cited the following: The vast majority of women registered as excombatants are aged between 19 and 26
years of age. Approximately 70% of the women have children. IRC estimates that about 68% of the women did not voluntarily join the fighting forces. Of the women interviewed, about 73% experienced sexual assault.
IRC provided group education and sensitisation on human rights, types and consequences of violence against women, the importance of seeking help and services available to all women entering the camps. IRC also provided reproductive health services for women including family planning services, antenatal care, pre-natal care, treatment of urinary tract infections, syndromic management of STIs and medical care of survivors of violence. Any non-reproductive health problem was referred to the primary health care provider in the cantonment site. PMU provided similar services at the cantonment site in Buchanan in the field of reproductive health and gender issues. The NGO treated all STI cases and promoted health education and HIV/AIDS awareness to the ex-combatants both men and women. Both IRC and PMU have had a close working relationship during the course of the project. IRC provided 5 days of training to PMU staff in order to transfer the knowledge and skills to conduct counseling and case management for survivors of gender-based violence. Training themes included:
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Defining gender-based violence Types and consequences of gender-based violence IRCs case management model Rape and domestic violence Rape Trauma Basic counseling skills Documentation
3.2.7 Interim Care Centres UNICEF has played a pivotal role in coordinating, supervising, monitoring and in the provision of technical support in the running of the Interim Care Centres (ICCs) in the DDRR Programme. Out of the 34 established ICCs around the country, UNICEF is funding 25 ICCs and 2 Drop-In Centres in the seven cantonment sites (suspended, current, and future sites) while 9 ICCs are being funded through Trust Fund. The following table presents all the NGOs running the ICCs and Drop-In Centres: Table VI Cantonment Site Implementing Partner Christian Children's Fund (CCF) Save the Children - UK (SC-UK) Children Assistance Program (CAP) (UNICEF funds) Don Bosco (UNICEF Funds) Buchanan Samaritans Purse International Relief (UNICEF Funded) Children Assistance Program (CAP) (UNICEF funds) Christian Children's Fund (CCF) (UNICEF funded) World Vision International (WVI) Tubmanburg Don Bosco Homes (UNICEF funds) World Vision International (WVI) (Tiene & Bendeja, Cape Mount) Christian Childrens Fund (CCF) Bopolu Save the Children - UK (SC-UK) (UNICEF Funds) Don Bosco (UNICEF Funds) Samaritans Purse International Relief (UNICEF Funds) Children Assistance Program (CAP) (UINCEF funded) Zwedru Save The Children UK (UNICEF funded) 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 No. of ICCs 2 2 2 3 1 3 2 1 1
Gbarnga
VOA
30
Ganta Voinjama Tappita (drop in centers)
International Rescue Committee (UNICEF funded) International Rescue Committee (UNICEF funded) SEARCH (UNICEF funded)
2 2 2
The broad aim has been to address the protection and critical care needs of the Children Associated with Fighting Forces (CAFFs) and other separated children, and to facilitate their successful rehabilitation and reintegration into families and society. CCF managed 2 ICCs for boys in Gbarnga, Bong County and 2 ICCs for boys in Bopulu, Gbarpolu County as well as two ICCs in Tubmanburg. The NGO was nominated as the lead Child Protection Agency (CPA) in Gbarnga and Tubmanburg. As lead CPA, CCF has the responsibility to provide technical leadership to CPAs that are running the ICCs at the disarmament and demobilisation sites. Consequently, CCF played a major coordinating role for demobilisation of children at the Tubmanburg and Gbarnga cantonment sites. CCF and other child protection agencies provided extra personnel at the pick up points, D1 and D2 sites. SC-UK is managing 2 ICCs in Gbarnga and 2 ICCs in Monrovia. The NGO is the lead CPA in Monrovia. As lead agency, SC UK provides technical leadership and coordinates activities of child protection agencies working in Monrovia. WVI is currently running 3 ICCs funded by the Trust Fund: one in Tubmanburg, and in two in Tiene and Bendajah, Grand Cape Mount County). Apart from the care, protection and other basic services provided by ICCs for children, WVI also provides medical care for demobilised children. Don Bosco Homes is currently running 6 ICCs funded by UNICEF and is the lead Child Protection Agency in Buchanan. Save the Children UK runs 2 ICCs in Zwedru and is the lead agency in Zwedru. IRC runs 2 ICCs in Ganta and 2 in Voinjama and is the lead child protection agency in Nimba and Lofa. SEARCH, a local child protection agency, is running 2 Drop-In Centres in Tappita to cater to the needs of CAFF and separated children. The broad objectives of the ICCs have been: To provide interim temporary care, services, and protection for former child combatants and other separated children. Each ICC also aims to improve the educational, psychosocial and physical well being of the children. To facilitate the reintegration of former child combatants and other separated children into communities by re-unifying the children with their families through family tracing, or provide alternative care in communities surrounding the ICCs. To increase the capacity of communities to create and strengthen community-based mechanisms and improve child protection by forming and supporting Child Welfare Committees in the communities surrounding the ICCs. These Committees aim to ensure a community-based and sustainable social reintegration of demobilised children. Children stay in these ICCs for an average of 3 months; however, in some cases it takes longer than this period to trace families. CCF, for instance, noted in their activity report that as some families will be difficult to trace, such as those in Lofa County where UNMIL has not fully deployed, it is foreseen that the current projects will need to be extended for up to 3 months to meet the needs of the caseload.
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In all the cases, the foreign CAFF have been documented and the NGOs are working closely with International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and UNICEF and other child protection agencies to address the family tracing and reunification issues for these children. According to UNICEF, the total number of CAFF processed at the ICCs to date is 6,403 (5135 boys, 1268 girls). This includes 107 foreign nationals (89 boys and 18 girls). Of the total figure processed, 5,413 children have been successfully traced and reunified with their families, while 4,813 have been reunified. The current caseload of CAFF in the ICCs is 970. The ICRC has documented 73 foreign national CAFFs and out of this number, 30% are in correspondence with their parents. Modalities for the payment of TSA for foreign national CAFF have been worked out and the ICRC, UNICEF and the JIU are to sign a MOU for the disbursement of the TSA. ICRC has received positive feedback from colleagues in Guinea and Sierra Leone concerning the readiness of parents to receive their children. Cross border activities are expected to start in September.7 A separate report providing an overall analysis of issues related to CAFF will be prepared by UNDP in consultation with UNICEF and the concerned implementing partners. 3.2.8 Transport The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) was contracted by UNDP to provide managed transportation services to support the DDRR Programme. This contract was awarded to IOM in May. Prior to this, the UNMIL Chinese contingent was providing this service. Initially, IOM was involved in providing transportation services in the first four camps: Gbarnga, Buchanan, Tubmanburg, and VOA. With the opening of the camps in Zwedru and Ganta, IOM extended their activities to these sites as well. From 1 to 30 June, IOM provided organised transport assistance to 30,450 ex-combatants from designated assembly points to cantonment sites and interim care centres (ICCs) to selected drop-off points. To complete their logistical operation, IOM contract 32 trucks 8 per cantonment site. Furthermore, the Organisation accomplished the following on a regular basis: Elaboration of movement plans and provision of travel documents Preparation of passenger manifests for the transportation of disarmed and demobilised excombatants from assembly points to cantonment sites On the day before the departure, demobilised ex-combatants received pre-embarkation medical assessments to confirm their fitness for travel. Confirmed road transport means and arranged UNMIL military escort requirements Provide a qualified transport officer at each departure point Provide medical escort assistance (including trained nurses); confirmed radio communication coordination among implementing partners to monitor scheduled movements Regular submission of drop-off reports to the Joint Implementation Unit (JIU)
Transportation services continue to be provided by IOM in the existing cantonment sites. 3.2.8 Communication FITTEST, WFP, closely worked with UNDP to implement and supervise the communication requirements of the Programme. Two international FITTEST officers coordinated the installations and technical supervision of the overall communications network for the initial stage of the DDRR Programme. As the Programme
7
UNICEF in their latest CAFF Demobilisation Statistical Report as of 23 August 2004 provided this information.
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commenced, the FITTEST team with the local UNSECOORD technical staff deployed telecommunications assets. The overall project achievements include: 5 cantonment sites were deployed and linked via HF and VHF to local UNMIL military and civilian security staff. Over 50 vehicles were installed and programmed up to MOSS requirements. Extensive telecommunications trainings were carried out. The UN repeater network was extensively developed. An Asset Tracking system was been developed to monitor telecommunications equipment deployed to the cantonment sites. Security Communications Network and Integration with the Military Operation UNMIL-Humanitarian Agency voice links were established between the cantonment sites. The NCDDRR and JIU, situated in Monrovia, were linked to all sites via High Frequency (HF) radio. All individual cantonment sites were linked via HF radio, with 2 separate HF frequencies allocated solely for DDRR operations. All sites had a dedicated VHF repeater and a simplex channel for local operations. In addition, each site had a VHF link to local UNMIL military and civilian security staff. The following camps were provided with the communications network: Gbarnga, Buchanan, Tubmanburg, VOA, and Zwedru. After the suspension of the camps in Buchanan and Gbarnga, the equipment was de-installed. The assets at Buchanan were re-deployed to Zwedru, while the assets in Gbarnga were transferred to Ganta. Training During the period, additional training was conducted for both UN Agencies and NGOs. These sessions were conducted at the JIU. The training included operation of the Codan NGT. Final figures for staff trained throughout the duration of mission are indicated below. Continuation training will now be each Agency's responsibility. Most agencies have sufficient trained trainers available to continue this important function. Below is the number of staff from each of the agencies trained as trainers: Agency UNDP UNICEF UNHCR WHO UNMIL UNSECOORD WFP NGOs Total Radio operators 0 0 8 1 6 6 7 8 36 Trainers 16 0 8 1 6 6 11 0 46 Staff 34 20 0 3 0 1 200 57 315
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4. Rehabilitation and Reintegration

4.1 Introduction - The Basis for the RR Programme
The Consolidated Peace Agreement was signed among the Government of Liberia (GoL), the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), and Liberian political parties in Accra, Ghana on 18 August 2003. The Security Council, in resolution 1509 (19 September 2003), subsequently endorsed this comprehensive Peace agreement and established the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) to support the implementation of this peace agreement. UNMIL now has raised enough number of military personnel, observers, civilian police officers, including formed units for to assist in the maintenance of law and order throughout Liberia, and a substantive support civilian component. A key element of this peace agreement is the establishment of a National Commission for Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration (NCDDRR) policy body to steer the process and implement the programme with the establishment of Joint Implementation Unit (JIU) with four functional units namely, disarmament and demobilisation, information and sensitisation, monitoring and evaluation, rehabilitation and reintegration. The National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) has also established the national coordination secretariat as a national counterpart to other stakeholders involved in the DDRR process. One of the integral components of the programme is the rehabilitation and reintegration of disarmed and demobilised former combatants into the society. According to the DDRRR Programme project document, 38, 000 combatants were estimated as targeted beneficiaries to be disarmed, demobilised, rehabilitated and reintegrated (repatriated for foreign ex-combatants) in Liberia.8 To date, close to 70,000 ex-combatants have been discharged indicating additional financial requirements and efficient and effective delivery mechanism for rehabilitation and reintegration programmes. A strategic and operational framework for rehabilitation and reintegration has been circulated to the donors for approval. That has been the working document for the rehabilitation and reintegration
4.2 Basic Guiding Principles and Fundamental Policy Issues on Rehabilitation and Reintegration
The design and planning of economic reintegration measures is based on the following principles: 4.2.1 Targeted Assistance The reintegration programme focuses on a strategy of assistance to the various ex-combatants. The underlining principle is to provide every eligible ex-combatant immediate package of assistance to support their effective reintegration into their respective communities. The option of extended targeted assistance can be examined along with the time requirement for consolidating national and local security conditions. A two and half year period is envisaged for this purpose after which the last ex-combatants served by the NCDDRR reintegration programme would be treated like any other member of the community. 4.2.2 Transition to Non-targeted Approach From the outset, short-term reintegration assistance to ex-combatants will be designed to make optimal use of the mechanisms established under the community based reintegration framework for long-term and other forms of undifferentiated assistance. The idea is to establish crucial strategy for transition to non- targeted assistance covered under community based recovery programs. The 4Rs model in Liberia is an interagency effort in the implementation of return operation for refugees and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP), followed by joint planning and coordination by
8
These figures are based on rough estimation and have yet to be confirmed by the parties to the Peace Agreement.
34
R Working Group) from the onset of reintegration projects in return areas. Its proposed that information on projects funded under RR program components of the DDRR should be provided to agencies implementing programs under the 4Rs initiative. This link should further develop and enhance information sharing at country/sub/field office level as the country enters the phase of social and economic rehabilitation and reconstruction in line with national recovery plans. 4.2.3 Assistance to Child and Women Ex-combatants, Including the Disabled Reintegration programmes for female and child ex-combatants including the disabled excombatants will be assisted in partnership with other specialised NGOs.9 Relevant sector ministries (responsible government agencies for youth and women), specialised agencies as well as religious organization would be brought in to provide relevant advises with regards to implementation modalities. Programmes for child ex-combatants between the age of 14 and 18 would be similar to the adult programmes but with child friendly curriculum. 4.2.4 Integrated and Comprehensive Sensitisation Programme and Reconciliation Initiatives The thrust is to create and foster crucial enabling environment in support of social reconciliation and reintegration efforts. The Information and Sensitisation Unit (ISU) of the JIU, in collaboration with the public information section of UNMIL will take the lead in disseminating the message of peace and other social reintegration initiatives. As for the economic reintegration component, group psychosocial counseling forms part of the training curricula that would be developed by contracted agencies intending to deliver reintegration assistance for ex-combatants. Since the resources of the project are very minimal to conduct one-to-one clinical type counseling, the best method prescribed would be to integrate civic education into any of the sub-projects to be implemented through the JIU. Other forms of promoting social cohesion is the opportunity created for ex-combatants to be enrolled in programmes along community members. As an illustration ex-combatants to be enrolled in formal education programs would be admitted in mainstream educational institutions along other community members, not only promoting reconciliation, positive interactions and confidence building. Moreover, individual economic reintegration projects would promote a reasonable mix (limited ratio) of community youths and ex-combatants to foster the social reconciliation and harmonisation process. 4.2.5 Equity of Access to Assistance Within the framework of assistance to ex-combatants, the programme would pursue the principle of equity of assistance. This is defined in terms of: Access to a specific package of benefit and the ex-combatants perception of the value and equity of assistance. The benefit of economic reintegration assistances need to have, as much as possible, equal weight to avoid polarisation of preferences to one or two economic reintegration measures ignoring choices that could have been preferred under normal circumstances. Those components that have monetary values may attract more preference than those without liquid cash. Develop an effective mechanism to facilitate access to reintegration assistance as well as monitor the process to reduce incidences of duplication of access to reintegration support.
4.2.6 Eligibility Validation In order to ensure that planned assistance are accessed only by those ex-combatants who met the eligibility criteria as defined in the programme, the JIU would serve as the clearing house of information for guaranteeing the eligibility of ex-combatants who qualify for reintegration assistance.
Handicap international and other agencies
35
Our MIS system maintains adequate database and information with regard to all ex-combatants who met the programme requirements. This information, captured during the disarmament and demobilisation phase, would be made available to all interested partners and agencies for the purpose of planning and implementing specific programs for the ex-combatants. Parallel programme partners will have unlimited access to list of validated ex-combatants expecting to be assisted with NCDDRR reintegration programme. The Management Information System of JIU will also be complemented by the creation of a forum for co-ordination and exchange of information at both the national, regional and district levels comprising major stakeholders UN agencies and programme partners and NGOs.
4.2.7 Multilateral Partnership and Co-ordination Mechanism: Donors have extensively supported the UNDP Trust Fund where the EC is one of the major providers of funding. The financial support has been very extensive not only on the funding of the cantonment services at demobilisation sites but also reintegration projects initiated including programme coordination facilities and technical assistance. The JIU structure is not geared for direct implementation and delivery of reintegration assistance but to provide the framework for programme design, maintenance of technical supervision and co-ordination of the implementation process. For successful programme implementation, the participation of various local NGOs, CBOs, as well as relevant sector ministries and the private sector would be of vital importance to ensure maximum impact since they are well aware of the socio-economic and political landscape of Liberia. It is also envisaged that such coordination forum would facilitate the process of developing effective strategies for transition from targeted to non-targeted measures. Coordination forums such as the Technical Coordination Committee (TCC) and Project Approval Committee (PAC) are important forums for coordination, accountability and transparency.
4.3 The Eligibility Pre-conditions and Key Policy Issues on Reintegration Programme of the DDRR
Must belong to one of the fighting forces: LURD, MODEL, AFL, or GOL militias; Must have gone through the Disarmament and Demobilisation; this also applies to child excombatants; Issued an Identity Card showing valid registration number as a legitimate beneficiary of the programme; Have reveled preferences in any one of the reintegration assistance packages as described in the DDRR framework document through an expectation form filled during the demobilisation process; Not enrolled in or benefited from any other previous reintegration assistance as the benefit for ex-combatants is a one time opportunity exiting into community based reintegration programme; Operated within the background of clear policy on eligibility for refugee combatants or foreign nationals; No retroactive validation allowed to circumvent the practice of harvesting beneficiaries by various implementing partners; Beneficiaries are allowed to change their preferences and locations as long as they are not entered into the M & E system as serviced and their ID cards punched;
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Assistance programmes for vocational training, apprenticeship and public works is for a total of 8 months. Details of assistance package is described in detail in section 4.5; Assistance in formal education will be for a maximum period of 3 years i.e. until the conclusion of the reintegration component of the DDRR programme. The main reason for extended assistance is that the formal education assistance package does not provide immediate employment opportunity to earn livelihood with marketable skills as it is following the full academic calendar of educational institutions. Programmes in agriculture could be either a one-time assistance in terms of provision of needed agricultural inputs or support for the set up of activities related to animal husbandry activities. On-farm demonstration activities through implementing partners in crop production and animal husbandry could be supported; and, Eligibility criteria for micro-finance assistance and the volume of assistance depend on matching funds, demonstrated commitments by the grant recipients and adequate business education training and feasible plan.
4.4 Establishing the Caseload Eligible for Reintegration Assistance

The initial estimate of the number of eligible ex-combatants for reintegration was estimated at 38,000 as stated on the DDRR Programme project document. However, this estimate has also changed to 53,000 after other consultation and assessments initiated by UNMIL. This estimate was also refuted by the fact that there are 67, 000 ex-combatants disarmed to-date without including disarmament and demobilisation activities in Ganta and future plans for Harper, Voinjama and Nimba. Hence, it would be ideal to make a higher estimate to raise adequate financial resource for reintegration activities.
Total: Parallel Partners 23,000 According to UNICEF, child ex-combatant are estimated at 20,000 and 35%of themare going to CEIP 7,000 program managed by UNICEF; 65%will be serviced by the DDRR and USAID/EU parallel programs; UASID to take 10,000 children on top of the initial 10,000 adults
Total Maximum Total Universe Total Nos. Discharged (all phases includes
child.)
DfID
USAID *) 20,000
EU 3,000
GTZ
Others
UNDP TF
80,000
Less Child ex-combatants (35% of 20,000) Spontaneous Reintegration (2% of the caseload Current Maximum Balance Eligible for Asst.
1,600 71,400 0 20,000 3,000 0 0 23,000 48,400
It is assumed that a total of 80,000 ex-combatants would go through the disarmament and the demobilisation process and be eligible for reintegration assistance. The total number of child excombatants is estimated at 20,00010. Even though this figure looks exaggerated, UNICEF assumes that there could be some child ex-combatants who may not possess ID cards but still form part of the Children Associated with the fighting forces (CAFF) and deserve reintegration assistance. It is estimated that 7,000 child ex-combatants would be going through the CEIP Community Education Investment Programme to be financed by UNICEF. This component of the child reintegration programme focuses on placement of child ex-combatants into standard elementary education and provision of material support to elementary schools. It is assumed that 2% of the overall caseload or 1,600 may spontaneously reintegrate without seeking any reintegration assistance. This group could encompass those ex-combatants who either due to the stigma of being
10
There were initial projections where UNICEF mentioned that there are 20,000 CAFF. After the D1 and D2 process started, UNICEF stated that there are many CAFF who cannot be enrolled into the process but are regarded as CAFF. Moreover, the UN visiting mission in early 2004 indicated that the CAFF caseload could reach as high as 20,000.
37
identified as ex-combatants or preferring to do something different than what is offered by the DDRR Programme, may not come forward to access for reintegration assistance. The number of ex-combatants to be assisted by parallel programs of the USID/DAI and the EC targets a total of 23,000 ex-combatants. The two projects of the EC (LOIC and CESD) target an approximate total of 3,000 ex-combatants while the USAID has planned to implement a programme for 20,000 ex-combatants. Such commitments of the UASID were based on earlier discussions and pledges and still have to be verified. However, the USAID has earmarked financial resources to two agencies (Save The Children UK and World Vision).
4.5 Statistical Information on Geographical Spread of XCs in Terms of Preferred Areas of Settlement and Preferences for Reintegration Support
4.5.1 Preferred Counties of Settlements County Name Bomi Bong Gparbolu Grand Bassa Grand Cape mount Grand Gedeh Grand Kru Lofa Margibi Maryland Montserrado Nimba River Cess River Gee Sinoe Grand Total % 7% 14% 3% 5% 2% 4% 0% 6% 6% 0% 48% 3% 1% 0% 1% 100% No of XCs 3941 8082 1522 2928 1390 2459 29 3345 3438 230 28022 1651 406 58 544 58,045
During the elaboration of the strategic and operational framework for reintegration in early April 2004, some specific examples of typical settlement patterns of Sierra Leone were used to anticipate the Liberian context. Two major factors were indicated namely: The preference of ex-combatants to settle in urban location The preference of ex-combatants to stay around the cantonment sites where they were discharged.
Referring to the table above, the actual data obtained from the M & E Unit consolidates the initially anticipated settlement pattern. 48% of the ex-combatants prefer to settle around Monrovia. Bong county has the second highest closely followed by Bomi accounting for 14% and 7% of the total number. The district based breakdown of the statistics shows that most of the ex-combatants settle around the town where the cantonment sites were built until the perception of their personal security is enhanced and social and economic activities improve in other locations. Even though the creation of reintegration opportunities in rural areas is one ideal factor to reduce the urban drift, the setup of referral and counseling centres is also one major factor to ensure that disarmed ex-combatants do not crowd urban centres.
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Such concentration of discharged ex-combatants around urban locations necessitated the immediate start of selected number of projects in Monrovia area to circumvent possible security lapse and law and order crisis an idle group may cause. 4.5.2 Transitional Safety Net Allowances The TSA, USD $ 300 is paid in two trenches between 3 months gap. Such payment has two important functions: Reduce the reliance of the ex-combatants on their respective commanders for livelihood once demobilised and discharged Give adequate time for programme development to pre-position reintegration assistance
The first tranche of USD $ 150 is paid upon discharge along a one-month food ration provided by WFP. The second tranche of USD $ 150 would be paid at preferred areas of settlement. The TSA allowance of USD $ 300 is covered from the assessed budget of the Mission. 4.5.3 Information and Sensitisation Initiative on Reintegration The Information and Sensitisation Unit of the JIU has conducted extensive public awareness campaigns on the rehabilitation and reintegration process. The main objective of such information dissemination campaigns is meant to educate the public on the processes involved in programme development, the current status of operational projects, the reintegration benefit packages and other relevant information. The chronology of key information and sensitization events organised until mid June 2004 are described on the following table; Date
05/18/2004
Program
Round table one-day workshop with the various representatives of the press
Objective
The overall RR concept was discussed including the project selection process. A slide version of the RR framework was distributed to all. The oneday workshop was interactive where lots of questions were asked and clarifications were given. The workshop was arranged with the support of the public Information Section of UNMIL. RR concepts were discussed extensively. A slide version of the framework was distributed to all. The workshop was arranged with the support of the public Information Section of UNMIL Issues discussed were the overall all RR concepts and expected outputs to be achieved. The role apprenticeship outlets (master trades men) play in the reintegration process. JIU RR staff gave a briefing on the status of the RR process and challenges and expectations of the community of return Inform and sensitise community leadership to receive XCs. Session was followed by question and answer. Inform, sensitise and prepare community to receive XCs. Inform, prepare community leadership to receive XCs Sensitise community through dance, drama, comedy and song about the challenges and opportunities for accepting XCs
05/21/2004 - Morning
Round table one-day workshop was held with the commanders A day workshop with small apprenticeship (business outlets) owners. Radio interview on UNMIL radios Coffee Break Meeting, 4R community leaders, Gardnersville Key Speaker, Dr. Moses Jarbo, Executive Director, NCDDRR. Meeting BWI, Kakata community leaders. Key speaker, Alfred Forster, JIU Town meetings: Cheesemanburg community leaders. Key Speaker, Charles Achado, Program and Policy Adviser, JIU/NCDDRR Community outreach program, Kakata participants/entertainers: REDEEMED Group, Flomo
05/21/2004 - Afternoon
05/27/04 5/28/04
05/29/04 06/02/04
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Date
06/04/04
Program
Theater, Boutini comedian. Short addresses by UNMIL, NCDDRR and JIU/UNDP representatives and community leaders Bannersville Junction Greater Monrovia. Short addresses by UNMIL, NCDDRR and JIU/UNDP reps on the ground. Performance: REDEEMED, Flomo Theater & Boutini Comedian Commencement of radio announcements and newspaper publications Community outreach, sensitization program. Logan Town Participants: REDEEMED Gospel Group, Small Town Artists Group. Short address delivered by community leaders and reps from JIU UNMIL radio, Coffee Break program
Objective
06/07/04
Sensitise community about the challenges and opportunities for peace through RR and their acceptance of XCs
06/07/04
06/09/04
Registration of XCs in approved projects: BWI, 4R and UN-HABITAT. XCs to collect and deposit admission letter from schools at NCDDRR Ninth street office. Sensitise the community about the challenges and opportunities of RR and their acceptance of XCs as New Citizens and Come Back Kids
06/10/04
To explain status, progress of projects, education and apprenticeship schemes etc.
06/11/04
06/17/04
Community Outreach Program, Stephen Tolbert Estate. Participants: REDEEMED Group, Small Town Artists, Boutini Comedian. Short Addresses by community leaders and reps of JIU present. Discussion on the Reintegration and Rehabilitation Processes with the NCDDRR staff at 9th Street Office
Sensitise and inform community about the challenges and advantages of accepting XCs through reconciliation.
06/18/04
Workshop with the principals of formal educational institutions at City Hall
A presentation was made on Components of RR assistance for excombatants Processes and activities involved in the placement of ex-combatants into programmes Slide-printouts and written guidelines (extracted from the RR plan of 14-06-2004) were distributed to the NCDDRR staff A total of 130 school principals were gathered and discussions were held on the reintegration process and particularly on the formal education components and the modalities of accepting excombatants into formal schools
4.5.4 Preferred Reintegration Options The strategic and operational framework for reintegration offers menu of options for ex-combatants to prefer and be enrolled. The support measures are two folds namely, social and economic reintegration. Social reintegration support covered measure for the restoration of social capital, individual social adaptation measures, psychosocial counseling, traditional reconciliation measures as well as programs for ex-child combatants, other war-affected groups and the handicapped population. Mode of delivery is through the factoring or blending of social reintegration components into the economic
40
reintegration projects. Other possible option being explored is to initiate stand-alone projects that deliver door-to-door psychosocial support to each economic reintegration project. It is evident that majority of the ex-combatants do not have marketable skills, which provides them the basis for self-reliance as well as productive enterprise. Measures of economic reintegration are designed to provide the ex-combatants with options for gaining access to skills acquisition and employment. The menu of economic reintegration assistance recommended is as follows: Vocational Skills Training Small Enterprise Development Apprenticeship and Job placement Agriculture and Community based Initiatives Public Works program Job Placement and Job Creation Formal Education Reintegration of Child Ex-combatants
Figure II Data Analysed for 58, 225 who filled the RR form: Refer data of August 8th 2004 Sector of Assistance Number of People % distribution
Agriculture Formal Education Vocational Trainig and Apprenticeship Small Enterprise development Grand Total
1,747 22,126 33,188 1,165 58,225
3% 38% 57% 2% 100.00%
From the analysis done by the M & E Unit of the JIU on the 58,225 reintegration forms, 57% of the total prefer to do skills training in various areas while closely followed by 38% of those who prefer to go into formal education. Under the generic skills training nomenclature, 26% of the 57% opting for skills training prefer to do auto-mechanic while 23% of them were not specific on their choices and wanted to any skills training program. 14% of the 57% wanted to do driving. The UNDP has engaged an adequate number of enumerators at the cantonment sites to assist the ex-combatants fill their reintegration forms. These ex-combatants are provided a summary describing the menu of the assistance packages for reintegration as described in the strategic and operational framework for reintegration. There are interactions where the ex-combatants ask questions and the enumerators explain and vise versa. However, the enumerators (1) are not qualified enough to counsel the ex-combatants on career preference, (2) the time frame is very short to take a detailed analysis of the past experience and encounters of the ex-combatant i.e. an encampment period of reduced to 3-4 days from suggested 15 to 21 days; (3) the establishment of referral and counseling points, staffed with the required expertise, should have been established at the earliest stage of the Programme. If an ex-combatant wants to make a change of preference, once discharged, he or she has no other options for consultation or having his new preferences reregistered; (4), it could have been possible to sub-contract NGOs capable of providing counseling services to XC at cantonment sites; (5) various radio talks shows and discussions sessions are held which ex-combatants have access to through the radio. However, it is after they left the cantonment sites.
41
Referral and Counseling Points
Effective counseling could avert preferences for skills that dont have market in the rural areas. The referral and counseling offices envisaged to be setup in six counties would be the focal points for career counseling and referral support. The objectives of setting referral offices are to Create adequate reintegration opportunities for ex-combatants through well conducted referral and counseling activities Facilitate the smooth reintegration of excombatants into the various communities through collaboration with local stake holding institutions, effective delivery mechanism and creation of viable projects
Referral centers have four major important functions Provide career counseling to ex-combatants into available reintegration options
Identify potential implementing partners in the area Facilitate the placement of ex-combatants into projects approved by the project approval committee Monitor the quality of implementation of service delivery agencies In collaboration with implementing partners and sector ministry representatives, provide post- DDRR referral support for sustainability and self sufficiency of ex-combatants
A proposal has been finalised for the set-up of six referral and counseling offices nation wide namely; Greater Monrovia Montserrado, Voinjama Lofa County, Gbarnga Bong County, Zwedru Grand Gedeh County, Buchanan - Grand Bass County, Harper Mary Land County.
4.6 Implementation Partnership: Parallel Programme Partners

European Commission: apart from its meaningful contribution to the UNDP Trust Fund, the EC is one the prominent parallel program partner in the reintegration process. The EC has concluded contract with two local implementing partners (LOIC and CESD) targeting a total of 2,940 excombatants. The registration of ex-combatants into these programmes is ongoing and both projects would successfully launched in September 2004. The support, which the Joint Implementation Unit and the UNDP provide to these projects, is: Validation of the registered ex-combatants as legitimate beneficiaries of the program and not benefiting in other reintegration projects Regular performance monitoring of the projects to the EU and provision of the appropriate technical reports to advise on the release of additional disbursement Regular interaction with the beneficiaries to gauge their satisfaction and ensure the quality of training Post project implementation evaluation
42
A memorandum of understanding would be signed between the EC and UNDP to carry out the individual tasks described above. USAID / DAI: A memorandum of understanding was signed between the USAID / Dai and the UNMIL in the middle of May 2004 to provide reintegration assistance for a total of 20,000 excombatants where 10,000 of them are expected to be child ex-combatants. The MOU was based on the standard reintegration assistance packages stipulated in the strategic and operational framework for reintegration. The scope of cooperation focuses on validation of eligible beneficiaries and sharing referral and counseling capacities once field offices are established. Based upon the MOU, the DAI has been engaged in extensive labor based activities in certain counties and have achieved the output described in the table below;
Total Beneficiaries in Ongoing Program
174 19 346 25 30 On-going 950 56 1,600 Approved and modalities are been worked out with the JIU N/A to establish initial case load of target group for year one
Partner
Location/County
Activities
Road (44 km) Bridges Road (11 km) School Cantonment Sites Construction(3) Road (120 km) Culverts (20) School(1) Schools(3)
Target Beneficiaries
Status
Gbarpolu-Bopolu Grand Gedeh - Zwedru Tocestos River DAI/LCIP Nimba-Tappita Bong-Gbarnga Bomi-Tubmanburg
USAID Program
Vision International
N/A
Rehabilitation of Liberia Food Production Capacity
2,000
Save The Children
Gbarpolu, Bomi, Bong
Support to the social and economic reintegration of demobilized children associating with fighting forces(Ex-CAAF) and other children affected by conflict
5,000
Approved and modalities are been worked out with the JIU N/A to establish initial case load of target group for year one
43
4.7 Brief Synopsis of Ongoing Reintegration Projects

As of August 2004, the Project Approval Committee (PAC), comprising of all the donors contributing to the Trust Fund, as well as representatives of UNMIL and NTGL, has approved ten reintegration projects, targeting 8,006 beneficiaries. Five projects targeting a total of 2,940 ex-combatants have started implementation while three of them were formally launched between mid June and early August 2004.
Trainees of the Booker Washington Institute
These are projects being implemented by: Booker Washington Institute UN Habitat Revitalisation, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Recovery 4R Program Monrovia Vocational Training Centre Grace Outreach Vocational Training Centre
Two projects have finalised the registration and orientation process and are ready to be launched as early as beginning of September 2004. These are projects to be implemented by UMCOR and Sustainable Development Promoters targeting a total of 2,113 ex-combatants. The latter caters for 771 child ex-combatants in Gbarnga in its first Trainees of the 4Rs Program phase. The registration process is ongoing for the project to be implemented by Foundation for African Development targeting a total of 1,000 excombatants. The PAC convened on Friday, 27 August has approved two new projects by Young Men Christian Association (YMCA) and Community Empowerment Program (CEP). Both vocational skills training projects are based in Montserrado and target a total of 1,200 ex-combatants. Registration for Formal Education has commenced in the Montserrado area for a total of 2,800 ex-combatants to be enrolled in various public and private educational institutions. In addition, consultations have been held with the Ministry of Education and the principals and heads of institutions (colleges/universities) to work out the modalities for the placement of an estimated 7,500 ex-combatants in the academic calendar starting from September 2004. Similar registration exercise is planned for Buchanan, Gbarnga and Tubmanburg. However, the major limitation and challenge is in the rehabilitation of school facilities, provision of learning materials, books and payment of teachers salaries.
44
A Swamp being developed by the BWI Trainees
A limited number of ex-combatants (about 3%) expressed interest in Agriculture knowing the fact that significant number of the excombatants is from an agrarian background. This could be as a result of a general aversion for agriculture or an indication of low perception of personal security in the various communities, which are yet to be accessible and safe to host ex-combatants. Intensive sensitisation of the target population is also required so that agricultural projects are perceived as sustainable means of earning livelihood unlike the traditional skills training activities.
The Programme is working closely with the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) to launch the said information and sensitisation campaign as well as offer a significantly attractive package for the agriculture sector. The plan is to have an estimated number of 7,500 to 9,000 ex-combatants placed into various programmes every six months. This projection is based upon the available capacity in the country to deliver reintegration services on an expanded scale, as well as availability of finance in the Trust Fund. The JIU is exploring opportunities for extensive collaborations with bilateral and multi-lateral programmes financed by the EC and USAID.
4.8 Project Pipeline

To cater for the reintegration needs of an estimated 80,000 prospective demobilised ex-combatants, partnership with agencies experienced with reintegration programmes and adequate service delivery capacity are required. For that, the UNDP published an RFP (Request for Proposal) based upon which all proposals for the funded projects were acquired and developed. Various agencies have responded to the RFP and the proposal selection process has been ongoing since beginning of May 2004. Various numbers of proposals were received from many of local NGOs and few international NGOs. The reintegration programme team of the JIU has been selecting sound proposals that are eligible for review and onward presentation to the PAC. As many as 25 proposals have been returned to agencies due to quality of presentation and lack of service delivery capacity. 4.8.1 The Proposal Pipeline for Review There are a total of 46 raw proposals on the pipeline that would be reviewed in the coming days by the reintegration team of the JIU and the DEX Unit of the UNDP. The following table shows the proposal database by geographical location. Out of a total of 46 proposals, 13 of them are for Montserrado area closely followed by Bong. Most of the agencies prefer to work in the Montserrado County due to perceived fear of security collapse and delayed or non-deployment of local and traditional organs of administration. A total of 40,000 ex-combatants are targeted by the 46 raw proposals. County
15 Counties Bomi Bomi & Grand Bassa Bomi, Cape Mount, Gbarpolu Bomi, Lofa, Gbarpolu, Bong Bong Bong, Nimba, Grand Gedeh Grand Bassa Grand Bassa, Bong and Montserrado
Total
1 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 2
45
Grand Bassa/Margibi Grand Gedeh Grand Gedeh/River Gee, Nimba, Maryland, Mont, Lofa Grand Kru Lofa Margibi Montserrado N/A Nationwide Nimba County River Gee County Salala/Margibi Sinoe County Sinoe County/Grand Kru/Grand Gedeh
1 1 1 1 3 1 13 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
Grand Total 4.8.2 Resource Mobilisation
46
As indicated in the section that establishes the eligible caseload, financial resources to be obtained from the Trust fund would target a total of 48,400 ex-combatants. This figure is tentative since the beneficiary intake from other parallel program may vary under renewed commitments or if there is an increase in the universal caseload estimated at 80,000. The total financial requirement to service 48,400 ex-combatants is estimated to be 44,093,368. Break down of the per-capita costs are attached in annex.
Sectors of Support Formal Education Vocational Skills Training and Apprenticeship Agriculture and Community based initiatives Small Enterprise Development % Dist No. of Xcs
38% 57% 3% 2% 18,392 27,588 1,452 968
Per Capita Cost

845 982 606 600
Financial Requirement
15,541,240 27,091,416 879,912 580,800
Grand Total
100.0%
48,400
44,093,368
A total of USD 5,356,669 is the budget of all approved projects and a small proportion is available to finance activities of these projects. The attached financial analysis will clarify the net amount currently available.
4.9 Major Challenges in the Reintegration Process and Lessons Learned

4.9.1 Missing Link Between Reintegration and Disarmament and Demobilisation Under ideal conditions, stopgap projects serve as critical links between demobilisation and reintegration activities. The nature of such projects have limited time frame, scope and serve as bridging measures and auxiliary initiatives towards the normal reintegration process of the DDRR programme. In this regard the Quick Impact Projects (QIP), which are budgeted for under the assessed contributions of UNMIL, should have been designed in a manner to provide the first level foundation for Reintegration. One of the major salient features of a successful reintegration programme is the reduced time gap between discharge from the cantonment sites and reintegration opportunity the ex-combatants get at preferred areas of settlement. There hasnt been much activity related the rehabilitation and reintegration process soon after finalisation of the DDRR programme document late in 2003. Significant focus was accorded to jump-start the disarmament and demobilisation in December 2004 at Camp Scheiffelin that any critical link between Demobilisation and Reintegration was not given
46
due consideration. However, no significant focus or planning was awarded for the Reintegration process at the same time. Even though the Joint Operations Plan stipulated for stopgap programmes to minimise the time frame between discharge and reintegration, not a single stopgap project was implemented. The reduced encampment period from two to three weeks was reduced to a maximum of four to five days producing mass discharge without adequate pre-discharge orientation and effective counseling on reintegration preferences which are the fundamentals of proper profiling and informed choices. Under such practice, it is evident that the rate of opportunity generation wouldnt match that of demobilization and discharge, subsequently leading to a high number of unemployed excombatants. Projects financed by the USAID and implemented by the DAI started around the end of May 2004 while 3 projects targeting a total 1,940 ex-combatants financed by the UNDP Trust Fund started around and end of mid June 2004. 4.9.2 Lack of Strong Eligibility Criteria The eligibility criteria of the ex-combatants have not been stringent enough to prevent noncombatants from entering into the DDRR program. The significant deviation from initial planning figures of 38,000 to the actual number of more than 65,000 disarmed alleged ex-combatants are a strong indication that there must be a strong policy revision and execution in this regard. Such loose acceptance criteria leads to the waste of very limited financial resources and exerts undue pressure on in-country service delivery capacity for reintegration activities and giving the impression to external partners that agencies entrusted with such responsibility are not expedient enough in responding to reintegration needs of the ex-combatants. 4.9.3 Limited Amount of Financial Resources The current level of available financial resources to implement rehabilitation and reintegration programmes sponsored by the Trust fund is virtually non-existent. Much of the available financial resources at the disposal of the UNDP-trust fund have been consumed by services to ex-combatant at the various cantonment sites. The strong resource priority and coordination emphasis given to the disarmament and demobilisation process, in most cases, deprives the reintegration process the importance it deserves in the peace process. Taking away the guns will not always ensure stability as the ex-combatants are forced to gain their livelihood in meaningful ways instead of rent seeking activities by the barrel of the gun. The strategic implementation of QIPs at an early stage would minimise the impact of limited resources, by allowing for more time for resource mobilisation. 4.9.4 Propensity for Differentiated Assistance Packages Between Agencies Funded by Different Donors Some organisations want to undertake rehabilitation and reintegration activities through bilateral initiatives where such protracted initiatives of different players doing the same similar programs could lead to discrepancy of quality of service and polarization of ex-combatants. More emphasis should be placed on effective coordination and boosting of technical capacity of agencies tasked with overall responsibility of the RR programme. 4.9.5 Limited Capacity of Service Delivery Agencies and Local Structures Most of the local organisations have lost their service delivery capacity during a conflict sustained for 14 years. Even though the proprietors of the agencies have got the experience, the respective agencies they represent fail to qualify assessment criteria put in place by funding agencies awarding rehabilitation and reintegration contracts. Moreover, financial proposals submitted by these agencies contain budget line items that require infrastructural rehabilitation needs. Proposals submitted by international agencies may also be regarded as expensive where the cost per ex-combatant stated on their financial proposals is beyond the threshold recommended by the DDRR Strategic Framework. These international agencies that acquire funding from donors sub-contract local agencies rejected by funding agencies.
47
4.9.6 Delayed Set-up Referral and Counseling Structures The referral and counseling offices are focal points for any rehabilitation and reintegration activities. Their major tasks are providing information and career counseling services to the ex-combatants on the DDRR program issues, identifying implementing partners and facilitating DDRR sponsored projects for ex-combatants in different communities nation wide. They also coordinate rehabilitation and reintegration programmes with community based recovery activities with various implementing agencies operating in the area. These regional referral points are not yet fully equipped and established and the biggest lack of referral support in the counties where ex-combatants have settled. Since referral support is absent in the counties ex-combatants migrate to urban areas trying to acquire their reintegration benefits and also become potential security threats. 4.9.7 High Concentration of Ex-combatants in Urban Locations Of the total number of 58,000 ex-combatants discharged, 28,000 have preferred to settle in greater Monrovia and the surrounding suburbs. This could be attributed to the availability of other opportunities and current concentration of rehabilitation and reintegration projects around Monrovia. Moreover the lack referral centers in the counties is a contributing factor to the urban migration. Another important factor contributing to the urban drift is the concentration of NGOs and service delivery agencies around Monrovia due to the delayed restoration of traditional and civil organs of administration and capacity for law enforcement in the rural settings. Moreover intermittent security incidents have been the deterrent factors to the considerable deployment of NGOs from fully operating in the rural areas. 4.9.8 Narrow Market Base Conducive for Sustainable Exit Strategy In principle, a national recovery programme should either go parallel or supercede the rehabilitation and reintegration program of the DDRR to enhance the absorptive capacity of a regenerating community. The pace of community recovery programs and the outputs of the other clusters of Result Focused Transitional Framework are not progressing as anticipated. Even though the quality of training is fundamental into market entry, concessionary job identification and placement support can best be achieved in an organic and regenerating rural economy, which is a function of the overall recovery programme. Such pre-conditions may not exist once the reintegration assistance for the first batches of ex-combatants are entering the market. Hence overall recovery is fundamental for successful post DDRR assistance sustainability.
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5. Annexes
(1) Trust Fund Financial Update (2) JIU Fortnightly Statistical Report Annex I Annex II
(3) Reintegration Overall Financial Requirements to service estimated eligible caseload for reintegration Per capita costs analysis by sectors
49
CONSOLIDATED PROGRAMME BUDGET DDRR LIBERIA

Revision B / August 2004 Description (Category) M/M Total Budget 2004 - 2006 in US$ Expenditures to date in US$ Balance in US$
I. Personnel National and International staff and consultants Activity Total II. Demobilization Camp Management Transport to communties of return Medical screening Pre-discharge counselling Food and water Others Activity Total III. Reintegration - Training and employment For 48,400 ex-combatants Activity Total IV. Child ex-combatants Informal education Training and employment Activity Total V. Disabled ex-combatants Disabled ex-combatants Activity Total VI. Social reintegration Community sensitisation Information and civic Educ Radio broadcasting Community activities Activity Total VII. Equipments Activity Total VIII. Miscellaneous Training, rent reporting, JIU and field offices running costs, sundries, insurances Activity Total
4,754,000 4,754,000
1,268,000 1,268,000
1,033,000 1,033,000
3,864,865 2,500,000 3,466,508 595,871 2,900,000 854,095 14,181,339
2,271,058 1,384,862 2,002,100 1,330,000 1,835,459
1,593,807 1,115,138 1,464,408 (734,129) 1,064,541
8,823,479
5,357,860
43,560,000 43,560,000
3,785,764 3,785,764
39,774,236 39,774,236
800,000 800,000 1,600,000 0 1,600,000
270,000 270,000 0 270,000
120,000 200,000 25,000 250,000 595,000
50,000 80,000 10,000 125,000 265,000
70,000 120,000 15,000 125,000 330,000
483,500
448,000
35,500
3,097,753 3,097,753
449,899 449,899
2,647,854 2,647,854
Programm Support Cost
3,427,080
842,603
2,675,073
AMOUNTS PLEDGED S/N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 DONOR DESCRIPTION UNDP TRAC 1 Contribution for PA of DDRR UNDP TRAC 3 Contribution for PA of DDRR UNDP ln the form of loan to DDRR Sub Total 1 UNDP SADU Contribution for DDRR Swedish Contribution to the DDRR TF E Community Contribution to the DDRR TF US Government Contribution to the DDRR TF United Kingdom Contribution to the DDRR TF Norway Contribution to the DDRR TF Switzerland Contribution to the DDRR TF Ireland Contribution to the DDRR TF Swedish (estimateContribution to the DDRR TF Danish (estimated Contribution to the DDRR TF(2005) E Community (est Contribution to the DDRR TF DFID Contribution to the DDRR TF Sub total 2 Grand Total ACTUAL AMOUNTS RECEIVED S/N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 DONOR UNDP TRAC 1 UNDP TRAC 3 UNDP Sub Total 1 UNDP UNDP Swedish E Community US Government United Kingdom Norway Switzerland Sub total 2 DESCRIPTION Contribution for PA of DDRR Contribution for PA of DDRR ln the form of loan to DDRR SADU Contribution for DDRR SADU Contribution for DDRR Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Contribution to the DDRR TF Grand Total CURRECY US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ SEK EURO US$ GBP USD CHF RECEIVED VALUE 500,000.00 500,000.00 1,500,000.00 262,500.00 350,000.00 4,000,000.00 3,320,000.00 2,900,000.00 1,000,000.00 185,476.03 1,000,000.00 EQUEV. US$ 500,000.00 500,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 262,500.00 350,000.00 527,009.42 4,129,353.23 2,900,000.00 1,865,671.64 185,476.03 797,063.49 11,017,073.81 13,517,073.81 CURRECY US$ US$ US$ US$ SEK EURO US$ GBP USD CHF USD SEK DKK EURO GBP VALUE 500,000.00 500,000.00 1,500,000.00 262,500.00 4,000,000.00 4,150,000.00 2,900,000.00 1,000,000.00 185,476.03 1,000,000.00 500,000.00 10,000,000 15,000,000 5,000,000.00 1,967,500.00 EQUEV. US$ 500,000.00 500,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,500,000.00 262,500.00 527,009.42 5,161,691.54 2,900,000.00 1,865,671.64 185,476.03 797,063.49 500,000.00 1,333,333.00 2,500,000.00 6,090,133.98 3,570,780.40 26,316,982.26 28,816,982.26
National Commision on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration (NCDDRR) JOINT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT
DDRR Consolidated Report Phase 1,2 and 3

(Based on forms received from UNMIL and processed by JIU as at 8/22/2004)
Number of Disarmed Ex-Combatants by Faction Fighting Force Phase 1 AFL 4163 LURD 48 MODEL 10 GOL/Militia(Inc.paramilitary) 6 Other 8882 Total 13109
Phase 2 6811 18132 2849 5018 16237 49047
Phase 3 84 7 5315 487 13 5906
Total 11058 18187 8174 5511 25132 68062
Total Disarmed Children and Adults Phase 1 Adult Children M F M F 11288 419 1251 151 Phase 2 34198 10179 3598 1072 Phase 3 4369 1134 331 72 Total Total 49855 11732 5180 1295 68062
Total Demobilised Children and Adults Phase 1 Adult Children M F M F Total 9649 341 1003 110 11103 Phase 2 33336 9844 3321 989 47490 Phase 3 3945 968 278 67 5258 Total 46930 11153 4602 1166 63851
Consolidated Summary of Weapons Collection Weapons Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Grand Total 8,679 9,352 2,196 20,227 SAA 2,717,668 2,196,709 249,950 5,164,327 Other Ammo 2,650 17,145 1,430 21,225
* Based on information provided bu UNMIL as at 21 August 2004
Forthnightly DDRR Monitoring Report

(Consolidated report as of 8/22/2004)
Disarmament Activities 1. Number of disarmed XC by sex and age group Males Females Total Number % Number % Number % 49855 73 11732 17 61587 90 Adults 5180 8 1295 2 6475 10 Children Total 55035 81 13027 19 68062 100
* Results are based on JIU disarmament figures of phase 2. The data from Schefflin caseload is presently being processed.
2. Percentage of disarmed XC by sex Fighting Force Male 84 AFL 72 GOL 78 LURD 78 MODEL 84 Other Consolidated Total 81
Female 16 28 22 22 16 19
* "Other" refers to individuals not giving their faction of allegiance.
3. Number of disarmed XC per site,faction and sex Cantonment Site AFL GOL Buchanan Ganta Gbarnga Kakata Schefflin Barracks Tappita Tubmanburg Zwedru Total per faction
LURD
MODEL
Other
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 444 204 1532 708 5 0 2080 705 309 133 64 7 362 124 0 1 1 0 12 1 3334 1061 1882 672 2794 522 10 3 2053 496 1461 248 160 64 9 5 5 4 10262 2980 3899 265 6 0 47 1 10 1 8580 303 2 1 1 0 1 0 980 306 0 0 49 9 0 0 11367 3430 36 5 1 1 6 4 0 0 5 0 3266 762 0 0 1799 3943 5511 1568 14228 18187 3959 6388 8174 1786 21217 25132 3915 11058
Total 6120 572 12827 15199 13112 1291 14898 4043 68062
Total per sex 9259
4. Number of weapons per cantonment site Cantonment Site Total Weapons Total Ammunitions Schefflin Barracks 8679 2650 Buchanan 1412 1762 Gbarnga 2507 5194 Kakata 2063 2292 Tubmanburg 2950 5783 Zwedru 1359 999 Tappita 524 238 Ganta 213 193 Total 19707 19111
* Results based on UNMIL UNOBS figures.The total ammunitions is exclusive of SAA
5. Medical Screening Information Number of XC screened Number of Medical treatments done at cantonment sites Number of XC referred to hospitals Number of amputees screened
* Medical Screening information up to 14 August 2004
Total % 63491 100 40412 63.64 2420 3.81 344 0.54
Forthnightly DDRR Monitoring Report

(Consolidated report as of 8/22/2004) 6. FOREIGN EX-COMBATANTS REGISTERED IN THE LIBERIAN DDRR PROGRAMME AS OF 8/23/2004 Country Male Female Total Adult Child Adult Child Burkinfaso Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Sierra Leone Total Weapons Analysis 7. Weapons Analysis For Phase 1, 2 & 3 Weapon Name Serviceable Unserviceable 120 mm Mortar 69 2 AK - 47 Assault 18075 383 Rifle Anti - Aircraft Gun 64 1 G3 Rifle 212 42 Machine Gun 544 30 7.62mm Pistol (any caliber) 447 66 RPG Launcher 812 26 Shotgun 275 498 Grand Total 20498 1048 Demobilisation and Discharge 9. Number of XC Demobilised Cantonment Site Buchanan Ganta Gbarnga Kakata Schefflin Barracks Tubmanburg VOA Zwedru Total 11620 154 12543 304 167 14303 19675 5108 63874 10. Payments of discharges XC Cantonment Site Buchanan Ganta Gbarnga Tubmanburg VOA Zwedru Total 11577 522 12802 14806 20852 5356 65915 8. Ammunitions Analysis For Phase 1, 2 & 3 Ammunition Name Unexploded N/A Total 120 mm Mortar 15 275 290 Bombs 60 mm Mortar Bomb 2455 4448 6903 60 mm Mortar Tube 84 154 238 81 mm Mortar Bomb 1131 1759 2890 81 mm Mortar Tube 688 538 1226 Hand Grenade 2781 2158 4939 Pistol Rounds 40216 7640 47856 RPG Rocket 2075 3555 5630 Rounds of 1337681 1363576 2701257 Ammunition Grand Total 1387126 1384103 2771229 4 9 211 95 128 447 1 0 23 6 8 38 0 0 20 7 7 34 0 1 2 2 0 5 5 10 256 110 143 524
N/A Total 30 101 1362 7 15 147 34 98 96 1789 19820 72 269 721 547 936 869 23335
* The total differs from the disarmament figure(which are only based on phase 2) because it includes part of the Schefflin caseload now being discharged.
* These figures are based on entries made as of 10 June 2004. The JIU is currently bringing data up to date.
Reintegration Activities 11. Preferred Counties of Resettlement County Name Bomi Bong Gparbolu Grand Bassa Grand Cape mount Grand Gedeh Grand Kru Lofa Margibi Maryland Montserrado Nimba River Cess River Gee Sinoe Total % 6.62 13.28 2.51 4.79 2.29 4.83 0.05 5.56 5.84 0.41 48.1 3.39 0.66 0.12 1.13 4099 8224 1554 2970 1418 2989 32 3442 3620 253 29799 2102 407 73 701 61683 12. Preferred Skills % Agriculture 3.34 Employment 0.8 Formal Education 38.52 Vocational Training Airconditioning 0.01 Arts & Craft 0.09 Auto Mechanics 14.74 Bakery 0.09 Blacksmithing 0 Building Construction 0.43 Building Trades 0.14 Business 1.84 Business Education 0.02 Carpentry 2.13 Computer Studies 1.53 Cosmetology 0.07 Draughtsmanship 0.09 Driving 8.01 Electrical Installation 0.04 Electricity 1.06 Electronics 0.23 General Mechanics 1.4 Graphic Arts 0.02 Hairdressing 0.1 Home Arts 0.14 Masonry 3.39 Metal Work 0.06 Other Skills 12.94 Painting & Decoration 0.01 Plumbing 0.34 R/A 0.01 Refrigeration 0 Shoe Making 0.02 Soap Production 0.1 Tailoring 6.92 Tie & Dye 0.66 Welding 0.02 Vocational Training Total Total Grand Total Male Female 1700 379 457 44 19738 4259 6 0 31 27 9022 160 5 53 1 0 262 5 60 28 516 632 7 4 1312 15 891 60 3 38 54 3 4889 103 22 0 654 7 142 2 853 21 9 2 4 61 6 84 2079 34 40 0 6132 1927 1 3 209 4 0 5 1 2 11 1 16 46 945 3367 17 397 11 0 28211 7091 50106 11773 61879
* These figures are based on entries made as of 10 June 2004. The JIU is currently entering the remaining data.
* These figures are based on entries made as of 28 June 2004. The JIU is currently entering the remaining data.
13. Reintegration projects Targeted number of XC in project proposals in pipeline Targeted number of XC in approved projects Number of XC registered in approved projects Number of XC involved in approved project Number of XC in completed projects Number of XC in Registered for Formal Education 14. Caseload Analysis for Reintegration
40,000 6,806 5,035 1,000 0 2,800
Parallel Programs Total Maximum Total Universe For Reintegration Less Child ex-combatants (35% of 20,000) 80,000 DFID USAID 20,000 EU 3,000 GTZ Others Total:Parallel UNDP Partners TF 23,000
7,000
According to UNICEF , child ex-combatant are estimated at 20,000 and 35% of them are going to CEIP program managed by UNICEF; 65% will be serviced by the DDRR;USAID parallel program to absorb additional 10,000 children on top of the initial 10,000 adults
Spontaneous Reintegration (2% 1,600 of the caseload) Current Maximum Balance 71,400 Eligible for Asst. % 89% Financing Source For Reintegration 15. UNDP Trust Fund Reintegration Projects Partner Location/County
0 0%
20,000 28%
3,000 4%
0 0%
0 0%
23,000 48,400 68%
Activities
Total Target Beneficiaries Beneficiaries in Ongoing Program
Status
Skills training and reintegration of 640 Ex-combatants into local community. Cheesemanburg,Montserrado UN-Habitat Phase 1 of "Establishment of County County Resource Centres & Employment Creation Program" Human resource Development Capacity Building for Productive and MVTC - 4 Rs Paynesville - Monrovia Sustainable Livelihood of Exprogram Combatants and Other War-affected Persons Booker Reintegration of Ex-combatants into Washington Kakata - Margibi the civil society Institute Sustainable Vocational Skills Training and Gbarnga,Gbalatuah,Zowienta, Development Apprenticeship/job Placement of exBong County Promoters combatants Apprenticeship Skills Training and Accelerated Learning and Small UMCOR Monrovia-Montserrado Enterprise Development for Excombatants Grace Outreach Paynesville Redlight, Accelerated Vocational Skills Training Vocational Montserrado Program Training Center Foundation Agriculture Skills Training for exfor African Montserrado combatants Development AID Monrovia Vocational Employable & Self Employment Montserrado County Training Vocational Skill Training Program Center Total
640
640
Project Ongoing
500
500
Project Ongoing
800
800
Project Ongoing Ready For Launching
1,542
771
1,324
Orientation Completed. 1,324 Ready for Launching. Project Ongoing
500
500
1,000
Just Approved
500 6,806
500 5,035
Project Ongoing
16. Parallel Programs Partner Location/County Activities Road (44 km) Bridges Road (11 km) School Cantonment Sites Construction(3) Road (120 km) Culverts (20) School(1) Schools(3) Total Target Beneficiaries Beneficiaries in Ongoing Program 174 19 346 25 Status
Gbarpolu-Bopolu Grand Gedeh - Zwedru Tocestos River DAI/LCIP Nimba-Tappita Bong-Gbarnga Bomi-Tubmanburg USAID Program World Vision International N/A
30 On-going 950 56 1,600 Approved and modalities are been worked out with the JIU to N/A establish initial case load of target group for year one Approved and modalities are been worked out with the JIU to N/A establish initial case load of target group for year one N/A Registration is ongoing: UNDP PAC endorsement required
Rehabilitation of Liberia Food Production Capacity
2,000
Save The Children
Gbarpolu, Bomi, Bong
EU Program
Community Bong,Nimba,Cape empowerment, Mount,Montserrado and Skills Grand Bassa development
Support to the social and economic reintegration of demobilized children associating with fighting forces(Ex-CAAF) and other children affected by conflict Vocational and agriculture detransmatization counseling
5,000
1440
LOIC
Vocational and Bong,Grand agriculture deBassa,Montserrado,Nimba transmatization and Cape Mount counseling
1500
Forthnightly DDRR Monitoring Report - Part 2

(Consolidated report as of 8/22/2004)
Restricted
17. Number of XC demobilized per faction and per rank Military Rank Lt. Gen./Gen. Maj. General Brig. General Colonel Lt. Colonel Major Captain 1st/2nd Lt. Sub Total WO Master Sergeant 1st Sergent Staff Sergeant Sergeant Corporal Lance Corporal Private 1st Class Private None Sub Total Grand Total AFL 19 33 98 506 334 714 1167 526 3397 32 170 53 81 201 204 34 42 3694 2287 6798 10195 LURD 11 15 48 273 192 551 1244 578 2912 26 151 59 38 310 188 31 21 10506 3617 14947 17859 MODEL 4 6 8 62 47 150 248 151 676 7 45 45 25 49 13 6 13 3344 3927 7474 8150 GOL/Militia (Inc.paramilitary) 2 7 26 204 112 278 406 175 1210 15 65 16 10 69 89 4 13 2384 1594 4259 5469 Other 21 53 114 825 477 1039 1910 924 5363 92 248 100 109 460 1437 115 179 7958 4287 14985 20348
18. Number of weapons surrendered by different fighting forces AFL Weapons Ammunitions Average number of weapon per XC Percentage of XC accessing the programme surrendering weapon Percentage of XC accessing the programme surrendering Ammunitions Percentage of XC accessing the programme without surrendering weapons or ammunitions 4318 403241 0.39 39% LURD 3827 1027766 0.21 21% MODEL 2843 292584 0.35 35% GOL/Militia (Inc.paramilitary) 1201 175332 0.22 22% Other 11465 926408 0.46 46% Total 23654 2825331
49%
73%
46%
55%
40%
16%
5%
16%
19%
21%
*These figures are based on JIU processing of disarmament forms.
Establishing the Eligible Caseload

Scenario I - Figure I
Total Maximum Total Universe Total Nos. Discharged (all phases includes
child.)
Parallel Programs
DfID USAID *) 20,000 EU 3,000 GTZ Others Total: Parallel Partners 23,000 According to UNICEF, child ex-combatant are estimated at 20,000 and 35% of them are going to 7,000 CEIP program managed by UNICEF; 65% will be serviced by the DDRR and USAID/EU parallel programs; UASID to take 10,000 children on top of the initial 10,000 adults
UNDP TF
80,000
Less Child ex-combatants (35% of 20,000) Spontaneous Reintegration (2% of the caseload Current Maximum Balance Eligible for Asst.
1,600 71,400 0 20,000 3,000 0 0 23,000 48,400
89%
0%
28%
4%
0%
68%
Figure II Data Analysed for 58, 225 who filled the RR form: Refer data of August 8th 2004 Sector of Assistance Number of People % distribution
Agriculture Formal Education Vocational Trainig and Apprenticeship Small Enterprise development Grand Total
1,747 22,126 33,188 1,165 58,225
3% 38% 57% 2% 100.00%
Figure III The Program Budget using % from the the preference distribution table - Low Cost Per Capita
Total Eligible Caseload

Scenario 1
Eligible Caseload Formal Education Vocational Skills Training & Apprenticeship Agriculture and Community based initiatives Small Enterprise Development
48,400
Caseload Distribution By sector in %

38% 57% 3% 2%
Number of recipients by Sectors of assistance By Scenario 1 By Scenario 2

18,392 27,588 1,452 968 -
Indicative Per CapitaCost

473 715 377 400
indicative Program Cost Scenario

8,699,416 19,725,420 547,404 387,200 -
Grand Total
100.0%
48,400
29,359,440
Figure IV The Program Budget using % from the the preference distribution table - High Cost per capita
Total Eligible Caseload

Scenario 1
Eligible Caseload Formal Education Vocational Skills Training and Aprrenticeship Agriculture and Community based initiatives Small Enterprise Development
48,400
Caseload Distribution By sector in %

38% 57% 3% 2%
Number of recipients by Sectors of assistance By Scenario 1

18,392 27,588 1,452 968 -
Indicative Per CapitaCost

845 982 606 600
indicative indicative Program Program Cost Cost Scenario 2 Scenario 1

15,541,240 27,091,416 879,912 580,800 -
Grand Total
100.0%
48,400
44,093,368
Indicative per-Capita Cost - Animal Husbandry

Piggery Sows (female pigs) Boar (male pig) Housing Feeding Total Project Cost Extension Assistance Delivery Cost 10% of project cost Grand Total: Piggery Poultry Poultry Centre: 1 centre Total Project Cost Extension Assistance Delivery Cost 10% of project cost Grand Total: Poultry Fishery Draw net and accessories: 1item for 2 ex-combatants 1 Canoe (Boat) Ghana type Boat Total Project Cost Extension Assistance Delivery Cost 10% of project cost Grand Total: Fisheries 5 groups, 2 in each 1 1 420 530 5 5 Quantity of Unit cost Inputs 1 Centre for 10 people Lumpsum Combatants Quantity of Combatant Inputs Groups I piggery for 10 people 15 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Unit cost 150 200 1000 3000 8 months Budget 2,250 400 1,000 3,000 6,650 333 665 7,648 6 months Budget 5,000 5,000 250 750 6,000 2,100 2,650 4,750 238 713 5,700 570 600 765
Total: Animal Husbandry

1 Pigery for a group of 10 1 Poultry Centre for 10 people 1 Fishing Boat with Nets and Accessories for 2 people
Simple Average
645
Indicative per Capita Cost Breakdown - Crop Production

Upland Farming Tree Crops USD.
Total Price Quantity Total 0.010 3 2.5 24 1.2 0.5 25 2 5 50 13 0.2 3 500 1,000 3 5 120 60 5 3 100 10 9 2.5 24 2 9 16 2 8 5 192 10 2 1.2 2 5 50 Price 1,000 3 2.5 24 1.2 3 19.2 55 1.2 2.5 2 80 5 96 5 5 1 2 5 10 100 2 2 1.2 5 2.5 30 0.5 20 49 16 10 20 30 2 1 40 30 60 20 55 18 1 76 25 0.5 1 10 10 68 23 120 10 5 1.2 100 1 120 30 5 10 2 10 2.5 6 80 1.2 5 60 6
Inland valley Swamp USD.

Quantity 0.01 3 5 120 60 2.0 Total 10 9 20 Price
Mangarove USD.
Quantity Total 5 100 100 200 55
Deepwater Grassland USD.

Price 2 Quantity 2.0 Total 4
Agricultural Tools
Price
USD.
Quantity -
Brushing Knives Bags of fat Cassava / 1000 cuttings Cutlasses Deep flooded seed rice Felling Axes Fertilizer bags Groundnuts per kg Jute bags Head Pans Large Hoes Machets Maize per kg Polyethylene Bags Ploughing Fees Prunning Sows Seed Rice per kg Shallow flooded rice Shovels Small Hoes Sweet potato vines Training for Operators Tree Seeds per kg Vegetable seeds Watermelon seeds Water Cans Wheel Barrows Delivery Cost Extension Services
5,000
0.01 -
50
80
1.2 -
96
24
120 -
2 3 6
96
Grand Total
393
481
437
606
542
Simple Average
510
Indicative per Capita Cost Breakdown - In-Centre Vocational Skills Training - One time support
1 Kind of Trade Area 2 Training materials: per training Pd. (USD) Masonry Carpentry Auto Mechanic Auto Electricity Soap making Gara Tie & Dye Tailoring Hair Dressing Metal Works Bakery and Catering 173 138 207 158 173 173 173 173 158 103 3 Toolkits supplies 4 Subsistence support per month (USD) 150 150 250 250 150 150 250 250 250 150 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 5 Duration of Training 6 Total Indicative Direct Cost 7 Staffing and Logistical Support - 20% of 6 (USD) 113 106 139 130 113 113 133 133 130 99 8 Total Indicative Project Cost 9 10 Management Fee GRAND TOTAL 10% of Total Per capita Indicative Project cost (USD) 676 634 836 778 676 676 796 796 778 592 68 63 84 78 68 68 80 80 78 59
(USD)
(Months) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
(USD) 563 528 697 648 563 563 663 663 648 493
(USD)
743 697 920 855 743 743 875 875 855 651
Simple Average
796
Indicative per Capita Cost Breakdown - Apprenticeship Skills Training in Informal Outlets - One time Suport
1 Kind of Trade Area 2 Training materials: per training Pd. (USD) Masonry Carpentry Auto Mechanic Auto Electricity Soap Making Gara Tie and Dye Tailoring Hair Dressing Metal Works Radio Repair Bicycle Repair Motor Cycle repair Bakery and Catering Shoe making 173 138 207 158 173 173 173 173 158 104 69 104 103 103 3 Placement Fees i.e. payment to the outlet - per person per month (USD) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 250 250 250 250 150 150 250 250 250 150 150 250 150 150 4 Toolkits supplies per peron (USD) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 5 Subsistence support per month (USD) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 Duration of Training 7 Total Indicative Direct cost per person (USD) 783 748 817 768 683 683 783 783 768 614 579 714 613 613 157 150 163 154 137 137 157 157 154 123 116 143 123 123 8 Staffing and Logistics Costs (20% of 7) (USD) 940 898 980 922 820 820 940 940 922 736 695 856 736 736 9 Total Indicative Project Cost 10 Management Fee 10% of Total Indicative Project cost (USD) 61 57 64 59 50 50 61 61 59 42 39 53 42 42 11 Grand total Per capita
(USD)
(USD)
1,000 954 1,045 981 869 869 1,000 1,000 981 778 733 909 778 778
Simple Average
905
Formal Education - Support for Year, extendable depending on program policy

1 Areas in Formal Education 2 Tution fees and other charges (USD) Junior Secondary Education Senior Secondary Education Tertiay Education Computer Education 23 69 308 425 3 Uniform Books 4 Footware 5 6 Subsistence Allowance (USD) 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 7 Duration of Training (USD) 9 9 9 9 8 Toolkits Grand total Per capita (USD) 9
(USD) 40 40 40 -
(USD) 30 30 30 -
(USD)
(USD) 150
383 429 668 845
Simple Average is used becuase data is not available to make a weighted average
Business Management and Other Career Oriented Training
236
40
30
20
30
596
Simple Average
584
Indicative per Capita Cost Breakdown - Trade Test - One time Support
1
Item Auto electircian Auto mechanics Balck Smith Carpentry Electrical Installation Masonry Metal Works Painting and Decoration Panel Beating & Spraying Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Refrigeration and Air conditioning Welding
2
Testing fee per trade area per ex-combatant
3
Toolkits Supplies
4
Duration in weeks 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 2 2
5
Subsistence Support - Total Testing period 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
6
Grand Total Per Capita 268 268 295 268 322 268 295 268 268 322 360 295
291
Small works contract group for 15 people - estimate of annual budget
28 200 28 200 55 200 28 200 82 200 28 200 55 200 28 200 28 200 82 200 120 200 55 200
Registration Office Space Utilities Basic Staff Stationaries Total Estimated Cost per
40 480 60 75 300 955 63.67
Simple Average
Indicative per Capita Cost Breakdown - Public Works - One time Support
1
Kind of Trade Area Duration of Training (Months) Training and Job Placement Job Creation 2 0
3
Duration of WorkPlacement (Months) 6 8 Training materials / Prsn. / Pd. (USD)
5
Start-up Toolkits per peron (USD) 250 250 Subsistence Support (USD)
10
11
Grand total Per capita (USD.)
Small Works Staffing, Loistics Wage support Total Indicative Direct Contract Groupand Supervision per month cost per person Cost (15% of 9) Formation (USD) (USD) 50 50 75 865 75 905 (USD) 130 136 (USD)
180 180
30 -
995 1,041
Simple Average
1,018
Simple Average is used becuase data is not available to make a weighted average

DDRR Trust Fund Report

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DDRR Trust Fund Report

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United Nations Development Programme Liberia

Liberia Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration Programme (DDRR) Activity Report

United Nations Development Programme Administered Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

QIP: Quick Impact Project

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

1. Introduction and Background

1.2 Major Actors and Donors

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

1 UNDP 2 Swedish 3 EC 4 US Govt. 5 DFID 6 Norway 7 Switzerland 8 Denmark

12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 U N D P G ov t. D FI D C w ay is h nd E ed la D en m ar k

1.3 December 2003 August 2004: An Overview

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Cantonment Site Gbarnga * Buchanan *4 Tubmanburg VOA Zwedru Ganta

County Bong Grand Bassa Bomi Montserrado Grand Gedeh Nimba

Opening Date 15 April 20 April 25 April 30 April 7 July 17 August

2. Implementation Framework and Processes

2.2 Organisation and Coordination

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

2.3 National Commission on Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation, and Reintegration

2.4 Joint Implementation Unit (JIU)

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

JOINT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT

Disarmament and Demobilisation (UNMIL)

Information and Sensitization (OCHA)

Monitoring and Evaluation (UNDP)

Rehabilitation and Reintegration (UNDP)

2.5 Monitoring and Evaluation Unit

2.6 PAC Process

2.7 Technical Coordination Committee

2.8 Programme Execution and Funding

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

3. Programme Components of Disarmament and Demobilisation

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Cantonment Site Gbarnga Buchanan Tubmanburg VOA

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Ganta Voinjama Tappita (drop in centers)

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

4. Rehabilitation and Reintegration

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Handicap international and other agencies

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

4.4 Establishing the Caseload Eligible for Reintegration Assistance

1,600 71,400 0 20,000 3,000 0 0 23,000 48,400

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

Activity Report - DDRR Trust Fund

To explain status, progress of projects, education and apprenticeship schemes etc.

Workshop with the principals of formal educational institutions at City Hall

1,747 22,126 33,188 1,165 58,225