SPE

SPE 19394 Pattern Recognition Applied to Dynamometer Cards

J.F. Keating, R.E. Mine, and J.W. Jennings, Texas A&M U.
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INTRODUCTION

4.

$e~:a~points

Patroteum engineers have traditionally used downhole dynamornater cards 1 to diagnose the operation of sucker rod pumps. Specific problems have characteristic cards. The compares the anal ysis procedure typical lY

unknown card

with

a library

of known cards. 5.

At leaetonaexparf syetemz succaeefully diagnoeassucker rodpumpproblame. EXPRODueaaa~ pettm~ nithnechameto obtain adlagnoeis. :~~qer ..-*.--. gives a numerical pattern recognition NUPRO that correctly diagnoses 100 .--Ac--- 1 4L-----x 9* l. -.A.
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6. 7.

NUMERICAL PATTERN REC08NITIONSCHEWE The NUPRO procedure 1. uses the following steps

2.

3.

Obtain a library that includes both healthy and problem cards. The library should be as complete as possible. NUPRO can identify any problem in the library. Obtain the unknown card. The unknown card is usually calculated from a surface dynamometer card using a sucker rod simulator. Both force and position must be scaled in ~~~ g~~~e A~~ cads need to be scaled the The following gives excellent same way. results. sprl = (prl - mprl)/(pprl - mprl) + 1.
pprl mprl =peakpolishecf rod load. =atiniewm polished rod load.

8.

9.

in a consistent way from This applies equal 1y to the 1 ibrary o} known cards and to the al 1 unknown cards. Each point consists of two numbers. The result is n polished rod 1oad numbers and n polishad rod position numbers. There are several consistent ways to select the n points from the cards. The n points can be equally or unaqually spaced. Create a 2n dimensional vector for each card. 00 this by arranging the 2n numbers in some sequence. Tha same sequence ll One way must be used for q the cards. is haven position numbers followed by n lternate force numbers. Another way is to q position q force numbers. nd q the card vectors. ll This makes Normalize the magnitude of each vector equal to one. Select one library card vector and dot it with the unknown card vector. One-by-one, each of the library card vectors must be dotted with the unknown card vector. If vectors, then there are there qre 37 library 37 dot products. This is howWPRO finds the library card that is closest to the unknown card. NUPRO diagnoses the unknown card by finding the largast dot product. The largest dot product is the best match. The library of cards should be complete. This is important because an incomplete library will eventually give qn incorrect diagnosis.

RESULTS . WPRO has been tested. Tha WPRO test is a An q dditional program with q 37-card library. one hundred, significantly diffarent problan cards were used to test WPRO. Every one of the problea cards tasted gave the expected solution.

sprp - (prp - mprp)/(pprp - mprp) + 1. pprp.= peak polished rod position. mprp =minimumpo?ished rod position.

NUPRO was tested for precision. Slight changes in the unknown cards produced slight changes in the dot Pbr:es. This shows that NUP~a~ choose identical nearly Pump-off is an example of a case where it i; ccurately choose between nearly important to q Identical cards. NUP!K! hzs the ability to identify cards that we lNWp-Off. a~proaching This capability makes It pokslble td ~void fluid pound.NUPRO is expected, a simple concept. nd short q fast. This program

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

NUPRO can predict the start of pump-off. NUPRO can be part of q pump-off controller voids fluid pound. that q results that are easy to W[?n)gs . q nd NUPRO can be uses on both surface downhale dynamometer cards. NUPRO fits nicely with other pattern match~ngajabs (e.g., well log q p~essiire traiis%ct nd type correlation atching). curve q dynamometer J. G.: cards,

s,

qs

(1) Cards means downhole stated otherwise. ~ (2)

Advisor

unless

CONCLUSIONS
1. 2. NUPRO is an q ccurate and fast way to diagnose sucker rod pump problems. NUPRO can distin uish between nearly identical downho ? e dynamometer cards.

Foley,

U.L.

and Svinos,
for

Program

Rod Pumpfng,

presented conference

at the 1987 q Exhibition, nd

EXPROD: Expert paper SPE 16920 SP~allnual Technical * Sept. 27-30.