Environmental Engineering: It is a multidisciplinary science in which we deal with the ecosystem or our living environment or basically pollutants.

Environmental pollution is the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected Any use of natural resources at a rate higher than nature's capacity to restore itself can result in pollution of air, water, and land.

Types of Environmental Pollution There are three major types of environmental pollution: Air pollution Water pollution Soil/land pollution (contamination) Air Pollution:

Primary air pollutants - Materials that when released pose health risks in their unmodified forms or those emitted directly from identifiable sources. Secondary air pollutants - Primary pollutants goes up in the atmosphere interact with one another, sunlight, or natural gases to produce new, harmful compounds

Effect of Primary air pollutant on Human Health: CO: Toxic because binds to hemoglobin, reduces oxygen in blood NOx: Reduce Lungs function and growth SOx: Toxic because binds to hemoglobin, reduces oxygen in blood,irritant to eyes TSS: Can accumulate in lungs and interfere with the ability of lungs to exchange gases, Some Particulates are known carcinogens.Particulate less than 10m in size are very harmful Air Pollution Sources:

Natural Sources Volcano, forest fire, dust storms, oceans, plants and trees Anthropogenic Sources - created by human beings -Stationary sources
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Point sources (Industrial processing, power plants, fuels combustion etc.) Area sources (Residential heating coal gas oil, on site incineration, open burning etc.)

- Mobile sources
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Line sources (Highway vehicles, railroad locomotives, channel vessels etc

NEQS(National Environmental Quality Standards) Primary Air Pollutants PARAMETERS SOURCE OF EMISSION a)Oil fired b)Coal fired c)Cement Kilns d)Others a)Sulphuric Acid/Sulphuric Acid plant b) Other a)Nitric acid plant b)Coal fired c)Gas fired d)Oil fired any STANDARD(mg/Nm3) Emission Furnace 300 500 300 500 5000 1700 3000 600 400 1200 800 STANDARD(g/m3) Ambient (annual basis)

TSS

SOx

50 to100

NOx

100

CO Noise

vehicles new 4.5% used 6% 85 db (A)

DISPERSION OF POLLUTANT: Dispersion is the process of spreading out pollution emission over a large area and thus reducing their concentration. Wind speed and environmental lapse rates directly influence the dispersion pattern.

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L Stack is kept high so that pollutants can be diluted in the upper atmosphere. The shape of stack is called plume. EFFECT OF POLLUTANTS ON HEALTH DEPENDS UPON: EXPOSURE: Time which one remains in contact with the pollutant LEVEL: Concentration of the pollutant

SECONDARY POLLUTANT: OZONE: Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms.Ozone at ground level is harmful.Ozone is a gas that's found in both the Earth's upper and lower atmospheres. The protective ozone in the upper atmosphere is very different from the harmful ozone in the lower atmosphere. Ozone that exists naturally 10 to 30 miles (16 to 48 kilometers) above the Earth protects us all from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays.But ground-level ozone is different. It's found

close to Earth's surface and is a serious pollutant. It's produced when sunlight combines and reacts with chemicals produced by cars, power plants, and factories. In 70s policies were sign to protect ozone.CFC refrigerant were banned because CFC went in Upper atmosphere and react with Ozone causing hole in the ozone layer. More soluble in water than oxygen.TVL is 0.1 ppm in air.EPA standard is 0.12 ppm in air. Ozone is also called as ozonosphere. Biodegradable: Any thing which destroy due to chemical reaction,enzyme activity or biochemical reaction.

Source Control Technology

Air quality management sets the tools to control air pollutant emissions. Control measurements describes the equipment, processes or actions used to reduce air pollution. The extent of pollution reduction varies among technologies and measures. The selection of control technologies depends on environmental, engineering, economic factors and pollutant type.

CLEAN TECHNOLOGY: A company is considered to be part of the clean technology (commonly referred to as cleantech) industry if it produces any knowledge-based product or service that improves operation, performance, productivity or efficiency, while reducing costs, inputs, energy consumption, waste or pollution. In other words, clean technology aims to optimize the use of natural resources typically energy and economic value, and in doing so, reduce ecological impact. 3R concept: Reduce:Reducing the amount of waste you produce is the best way to help the environment. Reuse:Instead of throwing things away, try to find ways to use them again Recycle:Many of the things we use every day, like paper bags, soda cans, and milk cartons, are made out of materials that can be recycled

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