07 Column Bases

1
Column Bases
Lessons Connection Design according to EN 1993-1-8
Prof. Frantiek Wald
List of Lessons at Seminar
1. Introduction
2. Bases of design according to EN 1993-1-8
3. Welded connections
4. Bolted connections
5. Basics of structural joints
6. Design of simple connections
7. Column bases
8. Fire design of connections, EN 1993-1-2
9. Seismic design, EN 1998-1-1
Scope of the Lecture
u Basis of design
u Components
Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
Base plate and concrete in compression
Anchor bolt in shear
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
Background Materials
u ENV 1993-1-1
Annex L (1992)
Annex A2 Design of Joints (1992, 1999)
u COST C1
- Semirigid connections (EU project, finished 1999)
Fixing by Base Plate
Base plate in bending
and anchor bolts in tension
Column web in compression
Anchor bolts in shear
and concrete in compression
Component Method
Major components
Baseplate in bending Column flange and web Baseplate and concrete Anchor bolt
in compression anchor bolts in tension in compression in shear
u Basis of design
u Components
Base plate in bending and concrete in compression
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
Base-plate in bending
and anchor bolts in tension
eff
Column flange
Base plate
F
t
e
m
l
Contact of Edge of T stub
n m
F
Q = 0
b
=
p
n
Q = 0
b
3
eff
s
3
lim . b
L
t L
A m 82 , 8
L
>
<
L
bf
L
d
be
L
b
L
be
8 d
Embedded Anchor Bolt
CEB documents for anchor bolts resistance
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6
Deformation, mm
Force, kN
Experiment W13/98
Experiment W14/97
Prediction
50
10
40
40
315 365
6
5
95 95
P10 - 95 x 95
P6 - 40 x 50
5
24 - 355
10
F
B
Rd.3
t.Rd
B
t.Rd
F
B
Rd.1
B
Q Q
e
n m
Q Q
Bt.Rd B
t.Rd
F
Rd.2
Mode 3 Mode 1 Mode 2 a) b) c)
F
B B
Rd.1*
End plate contact or no contact
Base plate no contact
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 1*
F B / t.Rd
4 eff
M
pl.Rd
/ B
t.Rd l
Resistance
F
B B
Rd.1*
m
M L 2
F
Rd . pl eff
1 . Rd

m = 32
W97-02
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 2 4 6 8
Force, kN
Deformation, mm
Simplified prediction
Complex calculation
m = 67
W97-12
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 2 4 6 8
Force, kN
Deformation, mm
Experiment
Complex calculation
Stiffness
No prying
k
L t
m
p
eff
=
0 425
3
3
,
k
A
L
b
s
b
= 2 0 ,
Prying accured
k
L t
m
p
eff
=
0 85
3
3
,
k
A
L
b
s
b
= 16 ,
Effective length of T stub
e m
Prying occured
, ) e 25 , 1 m 4 m 2
1
+ l
m 2
2
l
, )
2 1 1 , eff
; min L l l
1 2 , eff
L l
No prying
, ) e 25 , 1 m 4 m 2
1
+ l
m 4
2
l
, )
2 1 1 , eff
; min L l l
1 2 , eff
L l
bp
mx
ex
e w e
Prying
l
1
= 4.mx+1,25 ex
l
2
= 2 mx
l
3
= 0,5 bp
l
4
= 0,5 w + 2 m
x
+ 0,625 e
x
l
5 = e + 2 mx + 0,625 ex
l
6
= e 2 m
x
+
, )
6 5 4 3 2 1 1 , eff
; ; ; ; ; min L l l l l l l
, )
5 4 3 1 2 , eff
; ; ; min L l l l l
l
1
= 4.mx+1,25 ex
l
2
= 4 mx
l
3
= 0,5 bp
l
4
= 0,5 w + 2 m
x
+ 0,625 e
x
l
5 = e + 2 mx + 0,625 ex
l
6
= e 4 m 2
x
+
, )
6 5 4 3 2 1 1 , eff
; ; ; ; ; min L l l l l l l
, )
5 4 3 1 2 , eff
; ; ; min L l l l l
No prying
Effective Length for Holl ow Sections
(not in EN 1993-1-8)
m
b
m
b
a
ac
bc
ea e
b
m
m L
. eff

1
2
b
L
2 . eff

, ) , )
2 2
2 2
3
8
c c
b a
b a
. eff
b b a a m
e e
e e
L +
+
, ) , )
2 2
2 2
2
b a
c c
e e
b b a a
m +
+
) L ; L ; L ; L ; L ( min L
5 . eff 4 . eff 3 . eff 2 . eff 1 . eff eff
2
a
L
4 . eff

m L
. eff

5
(a)
u Basis of design
u Components
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
and concrete in compression
u Flexible base plate
u 3D behaviour concrete in crushing
c
f
j
L
Column flange
Base plate
F
t
c
t
w
Sd
F
Rd
Concrete 3D Resistance in Crushing
(the same as EN 1992-1-1)
Joint coefficient
Effective width
Effective width
b a
b a
k
1 1
j
=
'
+
+
=
1
r
1
b 5
h a
a 5
a 2 a
min a
a a
1

'
+
+
=
1
r
1
a 5
h b
b 5
b 2 b
min b b b
1

a
h
a a
b
b
b
1
r
1
r
t
j M
y
f
f
t c
0
3
yd
f t M
2
6
1

2
2
1
c f M
j

y j
f t c f
2 2
6
1
2
1
j M
y
f
f
t c
0
3
yd
f t M
2
6
1

2
2
1
c f M
j

y j
f t c f
2 2
6
1
2
1
c c c
c
c
M
t
c c
Effective width
Elastic resistance ensuring small deformations, to unit length
Bending moment to unit length
Equivalent length of cantilever c
Effective width
Contact Area
A eq
A p
A
c c
c
c
c
c
Comparison to FE simulation
0,1
Vertical deformation along the block height
foot of the concrete block
top of the concrete block
Vertical deformation at the surface, mm
elastic deformation of the whole block
predicted value
0,1 0
deformation at the axis
elastic deformation
deformation at the edge
Vertical deformation, mm
0,0
edge axis
}
local deformation under plate
F
glob
edge
axis
Sti ffness
E Ip
x
c
fl

r
r
c r
F a
E A
deformation of elastic hemisphere
r
c r
F
E L a
0 85 ,
E 275 , 1
L a E
E 85 , 0 * 5 , 1
L a E
E
F
k
el . eq c el . eq c
c

a
eq.el
= t
w
+ 2,5 t
0 M j
y
w w eq.str
f 3
f
t 2 + t = c 2 + t = a
Comparison to Experiments
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9
Deformation, mm
Force, kN
Concrete and grout
Concrete
Experiment
Prediction based on local and global deformation,
Prediction based on local deformation only
Calculated strength
L
F
t
t
w
Grout
lower nut
packings
j
= 2 / 3
f
c.g
0 , 2 f
c
t
g
0 , 2 m i n ( a ; b )
t
g
0 , 2 m i n ( a ; b )
h
t
tg
g t
45
o
tg
g
45
o tt
u Basis of design
u Components
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
Components in Shear Anchor Bolt in Shear
Format as bolts in shear
F
h
h
0
F
h
h
Resistance in bending and shear
Reduce resistance in tension
Resistance in tension
4.6
Mb
s ub
Rd . v
A f 375 , 0
F
=
5.6
Mb
s ub
Rd . v
A f 250 , 0
F
=
u Basis of design
u Components
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
Resistance
Plastic design force equilibrium
Complex shape of contact area

Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
.
M N
Rd
r
b
F
f
j
r c
Rd
t.Rd
Aeff
active part
- =
Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
Interaction diagram

Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
.
M
N
N 0 F
t.Rd
compression
M
M , N
2 2
M , N
1 1
tension
M=0
N=0
u Basis of design
u Components
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
History of Loading
Moment
Rotation
M
R d
Sd
S j .i n i
Plastification of one component
Anchor bolts in tension and one flange in compression
Nonlinear part of the curve
Non-proportional loading
Proportional loading
0 Normal force
Moment
Non-proportional
Proportional
resistance
e N
0
0
Column base
loading
loading
Simplified contact area

Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
.
T
M
N
Sd
Sd
z z
c
z
F
F t
c
c
c
c
c c c
k
k
k
p
k
b
c
t
kc k c
c
c
'
,
_
Sd Sd
t
Rd . c
Sd Sd
c
Rd . T
Rd
N / M
z
1
z F
;
N / M
z
1
z F
min M
Stiffness
Simpl ified contact area

Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
.
c
c
c
c c c
k
k
k
p
k
b
c
t
kc kc
c
c
'
M
Sd
/ N
Sd
= konst. x
c
<N
Sd
/ M
Sd
<
i
2
Sd Sd
Sd Sd
j
k
1
z E
N / M
N / M
S
t c
t t c c
k k
k z k z
+

, ) 1 5
2 7
,
,

+
+
1
2
2
r
M N
M N
r
M N
Sd Sd
Rd Sd
Sd Sd
/
/
/
/
/

Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
.
Sensitivity study, base plate thickness
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
Moment, kNm
Rotation, mrad
t =
0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
1 0 0
1 2 0
0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0
t
HE 1 6 0 B
M
Rd
M 2 0 - 1 0 . 9
4 0 0 k N

Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
.
Sensitivity study, base plate thickness, resistance
0
2 000
1 000
3 000
100 Moment, kNm
Normal force, kN
Base plate thickness, mm
30
40
25
15
20
H E 200 B
M
N
Sd
Sd
30
h = 1 000
M 24
1 600
420 590
590
420
1 600
pl.Rd
pl.Rd
N
M
t,
Column resistance
Lever arm is changing by the activation of one bolt row
Lever arm is changing by the activation of both bolt rows
t
Comparison to experiment

Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
.
Force, kN
Anchor bolt
E k
b
Base plate
Deformation, , mm
Concrete
E k c
E k p
200
100
0
0,5
200
100
0
0,5
200
100
0
0,5
W7-4.20-prop
Experiment
Prediction
Moment, kNm
0
20
40
60
80
0 10
t = 20
HE 160 B
h = 500
N
M
Rotation, mrad
Force, kN
Force, kN
Components Assembly
Pre-design, stiffness
Lever arm

Rd . t j eff Rd
F f A N
c j eff b Rd . t Rd
r f A r F M +
.
M
Sd
z
M
Sd
z
20
t z E
S
2
app . i ni . j
=
u Basis of design
u Components
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
Classification
u According to stiffness
u Accuracy
5% in resistance and 10% in serviceability
u Simillar to beam-to-column joints
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
0,0001 0,01 1,00 100,0 S
_
S
j,ini,pin
S
j,ini,stif
=
F
Fcr,res
cr.pin
t = 12 mm
a1 = b1 = 280 mm
a = b = 500 mm
h = 1000 mm
M 24 -420
S = 7 100 kNm / rad
t = 40 mm
a1 = b1 = 420 mm
a = b = 500 mm
h = 1000 mm
M 24 -420
S = 74 800 kNm / rad
log
j,ini,stif
j,ini,pin
Non-Sway by Resistance
Asked stiffness for relative slenderness
o 2
pro o 0,5 S
j,ini
0
pro0,5 < o < 3,93 S
j,ini
7 (2 o - 1) E I
c
/ L
c
pro o 3,93 S
j,ini
48 E I
c
/ L
c
36 , 1 o
12 E I
c
/ L
c
. S
j,ini
Sway Frames for Serviceability

115 kN
5 m
4 m
115 kN
HE 200 B
HE 200 B
5 kN
y / y
P
y
S
1,0
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
0,0001 0,01 1 100
log S
j,ini,pin
S
Sj,ini,stif
In relative values
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
0 0,1 0,2 0,3
1,0
S j.ini.c.s
S j.ini.c.n = 30 E I / L c c
Hinge
Semi-rigid connection
Rigid
connection
c c = 12 E I / L
Relative moment
Relative rotation,
36 , 1 o =
u Basis of design
u Components
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
Worked Exampl e Base pl ate
r = 160
a = 1600
a = 420 a = 590
b = 590
t = 30
HE 200 B
1
r
r
b = 420 b = 1600
1
M
F
Sd
Sd
b
30
h = 1000
M 24
e = 50
e = 90
p = 240
b
a
e = 60 c
Contact area
h =200
c
c
c
c
c
c
t =9
w
t =15
f
b =200
c
r
b
r
c
c
b
eff
c
c
t =15
f
Worked diagram
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
0 0,1 0,2 0,3
1,0
S j.ini.c.s
S j.ini.c.n = 30 E I / L c c
c c = 12 E I / L
36 , 1 o < (for )
Mj.Rd / MNy.pl.Rd
c c
L / I E
Worked Exampl e Frame (sway)
F
Sd
F
Sd
F
Sd
F
Sd
F
Sd F
Sd
F
Sd
F
Sd
2
F
Sd
2
24 m
9 m
1,2 m
HE 340 B
IPE 550
HE 340 B
Load combination
w =2,64 kN/m
1
w =1,65 kN/m
2
w
1
w
2
F F
F
F
2
F
F F
F F
2
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y y
F =23,00 kN
y
F =0,38 kN
x
F F
F
2
F
F F
F F
2
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
F F
F
F
2
F
F F
F F
2
y
y
y
y
y
y
y
y y
F =26,79 kN
y
First load combination Second load combination
N
N
N
N
H

H

u Frame imperfections by equivalent forces
u Element imperfections by stability check
u Elastic design connection stiffness, pre-design
z
z
z
rad / kNm 100 242
5 , 8
20 * 700 * 000 210
k
t z E
S
2
f
2
c b . ini . j

rad / kNm 000 343

6
20 * 700 * 000 210
k
t z E
S
2
f
2
b b . ini . j

rad / kNm 400 50

20
30 * 400 * 000 210
k
t z E
S
2
f
2
cb . ini . j

Comparison
Maximal
moment
in base plate
kN m
moment
in corner
kN m
moment
in rafter
kN m
Vertical
deformation
of rafter
m m
Horizontal
sway
m m
0 337, 85 318, 10 113, 68 73, 70
108,20 290,13 307,62 109,80 27,43
214, 09 305, 90 274, 73 95, 54 19, 42
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
Maximal
Maximal
of corner
u Basis of design
u Components
u Assembly
Resistance
Stiffness
Pre-design
u Classification
u Worked examples
u Summary
Summary
u Component method
Good accuracy
u Worked examples
Savings by taking into account of
stiffness (for serviceability only)
Hand calculation unusual

07 Column Bases

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07 Column Bases

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Sway Frames for Serviceability

rad / kNm 000 343

rad / kNm 400 50

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