Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
This sample business plan has been made available to users of Business Plan Pro, business planning software published by Palo Alto Software. Names, locations and numbers may have been changed, and substantial portions of text may have been omitted from the original plan to preserve confidentiality and proprietary information. You are welcome to use this plan as a starting point to create your own, but you do not have permission to reproduce, publish, distribute or even copy this plan as it exists here. Requests for reprints, academic use, and other dissemination of this sample plan should be emailed to the marketing department of Palo Alto Software at marketing@paloalto.com. For product information visit our Website: www.paloalto.com or call: 1-800-229-7526.
Confidentiality Agreement
The undersigned reader acknowledges that the information provided by _________________________ in this business plan is confidential; therefore, reader agrees not to disclose it without the express written permission of _________________________. It is acknowledged by reader that information to be furnished in this business plan is in all respects confidential in nature, other than information which is in the public domain through other means and that any disclosure or use of same by reader, may cause serious harm or damage to _________________________. Upon request, this document is to be immediately returned to _________________________. ___________________ Signature ___________________ Name (typed or printed) ___________________ Date This is a business plan. It does not imply an offering of securities.
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Keys to Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 2 3
2.0
Company Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1 Company Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Company Locations and Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Service Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Competitive Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Fulfillment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Market Analysis Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Market Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.1 Market Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2.2 Market Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Business Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Competition and Buying Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marketing Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Pricing Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Promotion Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Marketing Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Strategic Alliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Competitive Edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 6 7 7 7 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13
3.0
4.0
5.0
Sales Forecast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Personnel Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.1 Management Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Financial Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 Important Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 Projected Profit and Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Projected Cash Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Break-even Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 Projected Balance Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 Business Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 16 16 18 20 21 21
Cellular Providers
1.0 Executive Summary
Introduction Cellular Providers is taking advantage of an opportunity to become a highly distinguished and recognized industry leader in the cellular communications industry. It is the goal of our company to become established as the leading distributor of wireless communications services. In order to achieve this goal, Cellular Providers' critical success factors will be to identify emerging trends and integrate them into Cellular Providers' operations, respond quickly to technology changes/be there early, provide high-quality services, continue to invest time and money in marketing and advertising, continue to expand into specialty markets, and stay ahead of the "technology curve." The Company The company was initially formed as a sole proprietorship by Jason Sanderson in September 1995. Mr. Sanderson capitalized on the growing wireless communications industry to create a niche market for its services and accessories. Through its research and development, Cellular Providers has maintained a technological lead in the marketplace and provided the best quality care for the consumer. Today, revenue sources include a variety of phones, and a full range of accessories and services. Cellular Providers' head office is located at 654 Smith Lane, #87, Pullman, WA 23423. Cellular Providers' leases its 1,000 square feet head office which, has adequate office space to conduct its operations. At some point in the future, management expects to outgrow this office space. Cellular Providers has a world class management team with direct knowledge of the industry, extensive research experience, and unique administrative skills. Its team includes Jason Sanderson, president; Jerry Tillman, vice president; and Joe Dunn. Together, they have a combined total of over 10 years experience in the cellular and retail industries. In the future, Cellular Providers expects to require a highly qualified CFO, HR manager, additional customer service personnel, additional sales reps, and a public relations manager. The Services The company has a developed mix of services targeting both businesses and consumers. At todays breakneck pace of business, companies need more ways than ever to keep in touch, and the easier the better. Cellular Providers' innovative product and service offerings provide the best advantages to customers, including sleek and innovative cellular phone models, text and numeric paging, data capability, no roaming or landline connection charges, and much more. The Market The ten-year outlook in the wireless communications service is excellent. The number of new cellular subscribers in the United States increased dramatically from 1992 to 1998, and 1999 saw continuation of that growth. The number of new subscribers exceeded 10 million, with a record 11.5 million net new subscribers in 1997, for a total of 55.3 million at the end of that year. By the end of 1999 analysts had that figure reaching 80 million. While projections differ, the number of cellular and PCS subscribers in the U.S. is expected to have a compound average growth rate (CAGR) of 12%. With the evolution of new technology, this industry is expected to generate increased revenues. There are a number of trends that are driving this growing industry. The most significant ones are greater marketing and advertising efforts, rapidly expanding networks, and technological advances. New services and applications such as advanced messaging, data and video transmission, location technology, and remote monitoring are in the early stages of what most analysts predict will be a period of explosive growth. Page 1
Cellular Providers
The company plans to focus on three target markets that will provide us with the greatest market penetration. This includes the specialty business users, the general business users, and the personal users. We intend to offer service packages that are priced appropriately for each segment and will offer the services that best suit each segment's needs. Cellular Providers' ongoing marketing strategy involves the company maintaining and expanding a broad base of clients in target territories, establishing alliances with product and services companies so that it can deliver high quality products, and invoking its own organization to bring these together and implement total solutions for customers. The company will move from the traditional product-focused strategy to a total-focus on customer ownership. Financial Considerations It is estimated that Cellular Providers will earn approximately $1.7 million based on $10 million in sales by year 2002. Cellular Providers is currently seeking funding in the amount of $100,000 for the purpose of increasing market share, opening up additional retail locations, hiring additional staff, and effectively advertising and promoting its services.
1.1 Objectives
Business Objectives Company growth. Become established as the leading distributor of wireless communications services. Increase number of retail outlets. Financial Objectives Increase revenue Marketing Objectives Increase marketing efforts. Expand market area. Expand marketing reach. Brand recognition. Increase telemarketing efforts.
1.2 Mission
Cellular Providers is committed to continued high levels of customer service and selling cellular and two way radio service through progressive retail locations and outside sales representatives. Cellular Providers is striving to become the nation's leading distributor of cellular service and accessories. Cellular Providers' vision capitalizes on technologically superior products and services and is designed to enhance business and personal communication.
Page 2
Cellular Providers
1.3 Keys to Success
Timing is critical in business. Cellular Providers is taking advantage of an opportunity to become a highly distinguished and recognized industry leader because of certain key advantages: The management team has a unique combination of business knowledge and experience in this market. Cellular Providers has combined its expertise to offer services for every type of customer in this credit-sensitive industry. Cellular Providers has established partnering relationships with leading companies in the industry and customers. Cellular Providers' critical success factors include funding, marketing, quality sales professionals, good management, aggressive branding, increasing reach, affiliating with the right partners, being specific to the needs of businesses and the public, competitive intelligence, appropriate use of technology, and remaining dynamic to keep pace with evolving wireless communications business strategies.
Highlights (Planned)
Sales
$4,000,000 $2,000,000 $0 ($2,000,000) 2000 2001 2002
Page 3
Cellular Providers
2.0 Company Summary
Cellular Providers is one of the state's leaders in the field of wireless communications services. Cellular Providers is a distributor of AT&T and Sprint PCS services. The company was formed for the purpose of selling and distributing wireless communications services. Over the course of its existence, the professionals at Cellular Providers have been involved in selling cellular service and accessories. Cellular Providers carries the latest in wireless technology from two of the major wireless companies in the industry. The companys management philosophy is based on responsibility and mutual respect. Cellular Providers maintains an environment and structure that encourages productivity and respect for customers and fellow employees. Additionally, the environment encourages employees to have fun by allowing creative independence and providing challenges that are realistic and rewarding.
Page 4
Cellular Providers
Table: Past Performance Past Performance Sales Gross Margin Gross Margin % Operating Expenses Collection Period (Days) Inventory Turnover Balance Sheet Short-term Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Other Short-term Assets Total Short-term Assets Long-term Assets Capital Assets Accumulated Depreciation Total Long-term Assets Total Assets Capital and Liabilities Accounts Payable Current Borrowing Other Short-term Liabilities Subtotal Short-term Liabilities Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Earnings Total Capital Total Capital and Liabilities Other Inputs Payment Days Sales on Credit Receivables Turnover 1997 $4,700 $10,000 $0 $14,700 $1,800,000 $1,814,700 $200,000 ($1,780,261) $13,717 ($1,566,544) $248,156 1997 45 $0 0.00 1998 $12,067 $0 $0 $12,067 $1,750,000 $1,762,067 $75,000 ($1,510,682) $33,396 ($1,402,286) $359,781 1998 45 $0 0.00 1999 $18,097 $0 $0 $18,097 $1,650,000 $1,668,097 $0 ($1,413,246) $185,855 ($1,227,391) $440,706 1999 45 $0 0.00 1997 $275,781 $118,586 43.00% $94,869 45 12.00 1997 $150,000 $55,156 $20,000 $3,000 $228,156 $20,000 $0 $20,000 $248,156 1998 $496,406 $238,275 48.00% $154,879 0 12.00 1998 $200,000 $99,281 $24,000 $1,500 $324,781 $35,000 $0 $35,000 $359,781 1999 $893,530 $464,636 52.00% $278,781 0 24.00 1999 $175,000 $178,706 $34,000 $3,000 $390,706 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $440,706
Past Performance
$900,000 $800,000 $700,000 $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $0 1997 1998 1999
Page 5
Cellular Providers
3.0 Services
The company has a developed mix of services targeting both businesses and consumers. At todays breakneck pace of business, companies need more ways than ever to keep in touch, and the easier the better. Cellular Providers' innovative product and service offerings provide the following advantages to customers. A full range of sleek, modern handsets to choose from. Text and numeric paging. Data capability. A full range of features. A national network. No roaming or landline connection charges. One-second rounding after the first minute.
Page 6
Cellular Providers
3.3 Fulfillment
Cellular Providers is required to comply with various rules and regulations among a number of local, state, and federal agencies. Locally, the company is required to maintain its business license and comply with local regulations and city codes. From a State level, the company is required to comply with all State laws concerning employment law, corporate law, and consumer products regulations. From a Federal level, the company is required to comply with additional consumer product laws, taxation, etc. Cellular Providers' accounting policy follows generally accepted accounting principals. Cellular Providers' financials are turned over to the CPA on a quarterly basis. Cellular Providers uses Quick Books for its accounting software; Accounting is system based on the accrual method. The fiscal year is based on year-end. Financial reporting methods include monthly, quarterly, and annual statements. An annual audit is to be performed by the firm's CPA firm in January. Cellular Providers carries insurance for business liability, automobile, and medical coverage. Additional insurance programs such as worker's compensation and key-man coverage will most likely be consummated by the close of the second quarter of 2000. Management has no knowledge of pending lawsuits or threat of legal action directed at either the company or its officers.
3.4 Technology
Cellular Providers' business tools may be considered to be those assets that keep the business running smoothly. These tools include computers, software, business forms, standard agreements, various internal process standards, and other company-specific documentation. Estimated technological changes in this section concern those changes that would most likely affect Cellular Providers' ability to compete. As Cellular Providers' management identifies changing technology, these changes will be studied, analyzed, and evaluated. Of those technological changes that show significant impact on Cellular Providers' future, funds and resources will likely be committed to making adjustments to Cellular Providers' business operations. Actions include expanding sales, customer service, and training in order to meet the demand of the business community.
Cellular Providers
Gross domestic product grew at a 6.9 percent annual rate in the fourth quarter, the Commerce Department said, above the revised 6.5 percent increase expected by economists and well ahead of the 5.8 percent pace originally reported a month ago. It was the biggest gain since the second quarter of 1996, and dwarfed the third-quarter expansion of 5.7 percent. The GDP price deflator, a key inflation gauge, rose at a 2 percent annual rate, the same rate initially recorded a month ago and in-line with economists' forecasts of a 2 percent gain. The price deflator rang in at 1.1 percent in the third quarter. For the entire year, the U.S. economy grew at a 4.1 percent pace, while the GDP price deflator advanced 1.6 percent. Higher productivity has allowed businesses to produce more without increasing expenses, keeping the cost of the final product low. The U.S. economy's rate of expansion during the past three years has been faster than what Fed officials have said can be sustained without a renewed inflation threat. Fed officials have stated at different intervals that a "comfortable" rate of growth is typically around 3 percent. Small businesses are taking advantage of the opportunities the Internet affords. International Data Corporation (IDC) estimates that the number of small businesses engaged in e-commerce will increase 47.1% annually, from 400,000 at the end of 1998 to almost 2.8 million at the end of the year 2003, signaling the broad adoption of the Internet by these small enterprises. The widespread adoption of the Internet as a purchasing vehicle has created a wealth of opportunities for businesses that offer products and services to small businesses and consumers. Simultaneously, it has given both small businesses and consumers a wider variety of products from which to choose at competitive prices.
Page 8
Cellular Providers
4.1 Market Segmentation
According to the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association, industry investment grew to $46 billion in 1997, up over 41% from 1996. Dataquest estimates that the average annual revenue per subscriber for PCS was $576 in 1997, with total revenue for 1997 at $1.03 billion, over 3% of the combined total for cellular and PCS. By 2001 there are expected to be about 40 million U.S. PCS subscribers, and total revenue for the year of $15.9 billion, according to Dataquest. Other predictions vary: Decision Resources forecasts that PCS will account for only 21.8% (19.5 million) of U.S. mobile voice subscribers, while cellular will account for the remaining 78.2% (70 million) by the end of 2001, but estimates total revenues will reach $31.4 billion. On average, however, it is projected that PCS subscribers will account for 40-45% of subscribers and about half of total service revenues by 2002.
Table: Market Analysis Market Analysis Potential Customers Specialty Business Users General Business Users Personnel Users- Washington State Total Growth 0% 0% 0% 0.00% 2000 226,000 650,000 5,987,000 6,863,000 2001 226,000 650,000 5,987,000 6,863,000 2002 226,000 650,000 5,987,000 6,863,000 2003 226,000 650,000 5,987,000 6,863,000 2004 226,000 650,000 5,987,000 6,863,000 CAGR 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Specialty Business Users General Business Users Personnel Users- Washington State
Page 9
Cellular Providers
4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy
Cellular Providers sources of revenue are derived from the sale of wireless communications services to businesses and consumers, the sale of accessories, and co-brands (revenue sharing). In comparison to other start-up companies of recent years, Cellular Providers has done very well.
Page 10
Cellular Providers
4.3 Business Participants
Within the U.S., there are numerous companies that provide one or more types of communications services. According to U.S. Trade and Outlook 99, there were more than 1,500 cellular systems operating in 750 U.S. markets. Far fewer provide the depth, breadth, and level of expertise as that of Cellular Providers. Globally, as in the U.S, there are companies that offer wireless communications services. Few carry the range of services as that of Cellular Providers.
Cellular Providers
Our year 2000 marketing goals include the following: Capture 5% market share of businesses in the Idaho and Washington market areas. Capture 1% market share of consumers in the Idaho and Washington market areas. Develop market share for satellite dishes and equipment. Educate businesses and consumers about services provided. Substantially increase sales over 1999 levels. Position the company as the number one provider of solutions to wireless communications. Make a major branding effort emphasizing Cellular Providers' name and array of services. Initiate new marketing program with a budget of $240,000. Create new collateral marketing materials (brochures, radio ads, video). Media placements including magazine, TV, radio, Internet, print, and banner advertising. Expand product and service offerings. Provide sales reps with free demo systems.
Page 12
Cellular Providers
5.3 Marketing Programs
Advertising programs include direct response advertising, public relations program, comarketing promotion, relationship building, direct sales efforts, telemarketing, trade shows, ads in print media and radio and television. Cellular Providers' marketing propositions are designed to appeal to various target audiences, regardless of their level of sophistication. Cellular Providers will continually inform businesses and consumers through press releases and media placements about the service benefits as well as endorsements from other customers. These two factors naturally create a curiosity from those not previously exposed to Cellular Providers services, as well as the public sector seeking improved methods in cellular service deals. Overall, this is intended to encourage further investigation by businesses and consumers and is precisely the result Cellular Providers seeks. It is believed that this strategy will draw an abundance of curiosity from which a substantial market can be developed. As an extra incentive for customers and potential customers to remember Cellular Providers' name, the company plans to distribute advertising specialties with the company logo. This will be an ongoing program for the company, when appropriate and where it is identified as beneficial. The objective of incentives is to portray Cellular Providers goals and products as an attractive functionality. It is also to show customers how to use the latest in technology as it relates to wireless communications services.
Cellular Providers
the technology curve. In general our strengths include business management, accounting and finance, knowledge of the wireless communications services industry, and experience in running successful businesses in the past. Cellular Providers prides itself on its high-quality customer service. Although excellent customer service is expected, not all provide this. Cellular Providers is available at all times for customer orders and inquiries.
$200,000
$150,000
$50,000
$0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Page 14
Cellular Providers
7.0 Personnel Plan
Future staffing needs require monthly evaluation. Factors determining future staffing include growth, demand on existing resources, future capabilities needed, and budgeting. In the future, Cellular Providers will require a highly qualified CFO, HR manager, additional customer service personnel, additional sales reps, and a public relations manager.
Page 15
Cellular Providers
8.0 Financial Plan
The following sections outline the financial plan for Cellular Providers.
Use and distribution of proceeds: Integrate new services, develop website, and expand into other markets. Produce media relations package(s); further build the brand name through marketing, advertising, and promotion; and acquire additional products. Funding proceeds will also be used to increase Cellular Providers' capabilities, enhance brand name, and extend Cellular Providers' market area. Funds will also be directed into business relations, television advertising, press releases, print advertising, Internet advertising, and website development and maintenance. The initial investment will be used as a kick off marketing budget. It is expected that from this point on the company will self finance its expansion and marketing programs.
Cellular Providers
Cost of Goods: Cellular Providers expects that its products will bear a reasonably high markup, which translates to a relatively low cost of goods. Our cost of goods includes consideration cost of products, shipping charges (which may be passed along to the consumer), and sales commissions. Sales and Marketing Expenses: We group advertising, promotions, and retail outlets under this category. Advertising and Promotions: We are allocating 10% of sales for marketing expenses in our projections. Retail Outlets: We estimate that each retail location will cost $30,000 to setup and we anticipate opening up 10 new stores. Other: We estimate that we may need additional funds for other promotions and this is set aside in a special fund. Rent: It is assumed that rent will be an average $1,500 per month per store. Repairs and Maintenance: This is an estimated figure which is expected to grow with the setup of service centers. Salary: Figures are estimated based on the national average for similar positions. They assume however, the hiring of a store manager, a regional manager, a CFO, an HR manager, and acquiring the services of a marketing company. Legal and Professional Expense: Figures are estimated. Utilities: Figures are estimated. Management estimates that utilities will be at $800 per month per store. Bank Charges: Figures are estimated. Telephone Expense: Figures are estimated. Management estimates that this expense will run at less than 1% of sales (0.50%). Miscellaneous/other Expenses: Figures are estimated. Management foresees that these expenses outside of the common budgeted items will run at a flat rate per year. Corporate Tax: Figure is estimated at 7.5% of sales. Interest: Figure is estimated at 10% annually on the initial requirement of $2,000,000.
Page 17
Cellular Providers
Table: Profit and Loss (Planned) Pro Forma Profit and Loss Sales Direct Cost of Sales Other Total Cost of Sales Gross Margin Gross Margin % Operating Expenses: Advertising/Promotion Other Promotional Costs Travel Miscellaneous Payroll Expense Payroll Burden Depreciation Store Set Up Costs Utilities Insurance Rent Telephone Servicing Costs Contract/Consultants Total Operating Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes Interest Expense Short-term Interest Expense Long-term Taxes Incurred Extraordinary Items Net Profit Net Profit/Sales 2000 $2,154,083 $917,309 $0 -----------$917,309 $1,236,774 57.42% 2001 $5,760,000 $2,436,480 $0 -----------$2,436,480 $3,323,520 57.70% 2002 $9,920,000 $4,212,160 $0 -----------$4,212,160 $5,707,840 57.54%
$215,408 $576,000 $992,000 $72,000 $90,000 $200,000 $9,600 $20,000 $20,000 $9,000 $11,000 $13,000 $391,658 $951,500 $1,310,500 $58,749 $142,725 $196,575 $0 $0 $0 $90,000 $60,000 $90,000 $22,400 $57,600 $76,800 $21,600 $50,000 $66,000 $42,000 $78,000 $134,000 $107,704 $115,200 $99,200 $24,000 $40,000 $67,000 $36,000 $65,000 $85,000 ---------------------------------$1,100,119 $2,257,025 $3,350,075 $136,655 $1,066,495 $2,357,765 $0 $0 $0 $158,000 $137,500 $97,500 $0 $232,249 $565,066 $0 $0 $0 ($21,345) $696,746 $1,695,199 -0.99% 12.10% 17.09%
Page 18
Cellular Providers
Table: Cash Flow (Planned) Pro Forma Cash Flow Cash Received Cash from Operations: Cash Sales From Receivables Subtotal Cash from Operations Additional Cash Received Extraordinary Items Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received New Current Borrowing New Other Liabilities (interest-free) New Long-term Liabilities Sales of other Short-term Assets Sales of Long-term Assets New Investment Received Subtotal Cash Received Expenditures Expenditures from Operations: Cash Spent on Costs and Expenses Wages, Salaries, Payroll Taxes, etc. Payment of Accounts Payable Subtotal Spent on Operations Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing Other Liabilities Principal Repayment Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment Purchase Other Short-term Assets Purchase Long-term Assets Dividends Adjustment for Assets Purchased on Credit Subtotal Cash Spent Net Cash Flow Cash Balance 2000 2001 2002
$1,550,940 $4,147,200 $7,142,400 $687,359 $1,454,624 $2,595,119 $2,238,299 $5,601,824 $9,737,519 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,238,299 $5,601,824 $9,737,519 2000 2001 2002
$193,026 $458,835 $736,563 $450,407 $1,094,225 $1,507,075 $1,566,813 $3,059,112 $4,793,145 $2,210,245 $4,612,172 $7,036,783 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $125,000 $300,000 $500,000 $37,000 $50,000 $100,000 $100,000 $400,000 $350,000 $0 $400,000 $1,200,000 ($137,000) ($450,000) ($450,000) $2,335,245 $5,312,172 $8,736,783 ($96,946) $78,054 $289,652 $1,000,736 $367,706 $1,368,442
Cash (Planned)
$350,000 $300,000 $250,000 $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 ($50,000) ($100,000) ($150,000) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Page 19
Cellular Providers
8.4 Break-even Analysis
The break-even analysis shows that monthly sales revenues will need to be $130,000 to break even.
Table: Break-even Analysis Break-even Analysis: Monthly Units Break-even Monthly Sales Break-even Assumptions: Average Per-Unit Revenue Average Per-Unit Variable Cost Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost 2,000 $130,000 $65.00 $25.00 $80,000
Break-even Analysis
$60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0 ($20,000) ($40,000) ($60,000) ($80,000) $0 $39,000 $78,000 $117,000 $156,000 $195,000
Page 20
Cellular Providers
8.5 Projected Balance Sheet
The following table is the projected balance sheet.
Table: Balance Sheet (Planned) Pro Forma Balance Sheet Assets Short-term Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Other Short-term Assets Total Short-term Assets Long-term Assets Long-term Assets Accumulated Depreciation Total Long-term Assets Total Assets Liabilities and Capital Accounts Payable Current Borrowing Other Short-term Liabilities Subtotal Short-term Liabilities Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Earnings Total Capital Total Liabilities and Capital Net Worth 2000 $188,518 $0 $0 $188,518 $1,525,000 $1,713,518 $0 ($1,227,391) ($21,345) ($1,248,736) $464,782 ($1,248,736) 2001 $1,258,918 $0 $0 $1,258,918 $1,225,000 $2,483,918 $0 ($1,648,736) $696,746 ($951,990) $1,531,928 ($951,990) 2002 $3,094,843 $0 $0 $3,094,843 $725,000 $3,819,843 $0 ($2,151,990) $1,695,199 ($456,791) $3,363,052 ($456,791) 2000 $78,054 $94,490 $102,238 $40,000 $314,782 $150,000 $0 $150,000 $464,782 2001 $367,706 $252,666 $271,556 $90,000 $981,928 $550,000 $0 $550,000 $1,531,928 2002 $1,368,442 $435,147 $469,463 $190,000 $2,463,052 $900,000 $0 $900,000 $3,363,052
Page 21
Cellular Providers
Table: Ratios (Planned) Ratio Analysis Sales Growth Percent of Total Assets Accounts Receivable Inventory Other Short-term Assets Total Short-term Assets Long-term Assets Total Assets Short-term Liabilities Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Net Worth Percent of Sales Sales Gross Margin Selling, General & Administrative Expenses Advertising Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes Main Ratios Current Quick Total Debt to Total Assets Pre-tax Return on Assets Pre-tax Return on Net Worth Business Vitality Profile Sales per Employee Survival Rate Additional Ratios Net Profit Margin Return on Equity Activity Ratios Accounts Receivable Turnover Collection Days Inventory Turnover Accounts Payable Turnover Total Asset Turnover Debt Ratios Debt to Net Worth Short-term Liab. to Liab. Liquidity Ratios Net Working Capital Interest Coverage Additional Ratios Assets to Sales Current Debt/Total Assets Acid Test Sales/Net Worth Dividend Payout 2000 141.08% 20.33% 22.00% 8.61% 67.73% 32.27% 100.00% 40.56% 328.11% 368.67% -268.67% 100.00% 57.42% 58.41% 10.00% 6.34% 1.67 1.13 368.67% 63.40% -23.60% 2000 $215,408 2000 -0.99% 0.00% 6.38 83 13.47 9.22 4.63 0.00 0.11 $126,264 0.86 0.22 41% 0.63 0.00 $0 2001 167.40% 16.49% 17.73% 5.87% 64.10% 35.90% 100.00% 82.18% 79.96% 162.14% -62.14% 100.00% 57.70% 45.60% 10.00% 18.52% 0.78 0.56 162.14% 78.59% -126.47% 2001 $360,000 2001 12.10% 0.00% 6.38 39 13.04 3.28 3.76 0.00 0.51 ($276,990) 7.76 0.27 82% 0.36 0.00 0.57 2002 72.22% 12.94% 13.96% 5.65% 73.24% 26.76% 100.00% 92.02% 21.56% 113.58% -13.58% 100.00% 57.54% 40.45% 10.00% 23.77% 0.80 0.64 113.58% 73.01% -537.50% 2002 $450,909 2002 17.09% 0.00% 6.38 45 11.37 2.14 2.95 0.00 0.81 ($631,791) 24.18 0.34 92% 0.50 0.00 0.71 Industry Profile 4.80% 14.30% 2.50% 46.50% 63.30% 36.70% 100.00% 43.60% 26.30% 69.90% 30.10% 100.00% 57.80% 35.50% 1.00% 1.90% 1.17 0.95 69.90% 4.20% 14.00% Industry $0 0.00% n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a
Page 22
Appendix
Appendix Table: Sales Forecast (Planned) Sales Forecast Sales Personal User Sales Business User Sales Total Sales Direct Cost of Sales Personal User Sales Business User Sales Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales Jan $109,615 $35,650 $145,265 Jan $46,038 $16,043 $62,081 Feb $123,643 $35,650 $159,293 Feb $51,930 $16,043 $67,973 Mar $139,600 $35,650 $175,250 Mar $58,632 $16,043 $74,675 Apr $139,600 $35,650 $175,250 Apr $58,632 $16,043 $74,675 May $139,600 $35,650 $175,250 May $58,632 $16,043 $74,675 Jun $139,600 $35,650 $175,250 Jun $58,632 $16,043 $74,675 Jul $139,600 $35,650 $175,250 Jul $58,632 $16,043 $74,675 Aug $139,600 $35,650 $175,250 Aug $58,632 $16,043 $74,675 Sep $139,600 $35,650 $175,250 Sep $58,632 $16,043 $74,675 Oct $139,600 $35,650 $175,250 Oct $58,632 $16,043 $74,675 Nov $174,712 $31,650 $206,362 Nov $73,379 $14,243 $87,622 Dec $209,513 $31,650 $241,163 Dec $87,995 $14,243 $102,238
Page 1
Appendix
Appendix Table: Personnel (Planned) Personnel Plan CEO CFO HR Manager Regional Manager Office Manager Marketing Staff Retail Staff #1 Retail Staff #2 Retail Staff #3 Retail Staff #4 Retail Staff #5 Retail Staff #6 Retail Staff #7 Retail Staff #8 Other Personnel Total Payroll Total People Payroll Burden Total Payroll Expenditures Jan $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $4,000 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,167 $25,083 6 $3,762 $28,845 Feb $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $4,000 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,167 $25,083 6 $3,762 $28,845 Mar $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $4,000 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,167 $25,083 6 $3,762 $28,845 Apr $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $4,000 $4,500 $2,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,333 $28,749 8 $4,312 $33,061 May $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $4,000 $4,500 $2,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,333 $28,749 8 $4,312 $33,061 Jun $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $7,000 $4,500 $2,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,333 $31,749 8 $4,762 $36,511 Jul $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $7,000 $4,500 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,333 $33,749 8 $5,062 $38,811 Aug $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $7,000 $4,500 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,333 $33,749 8 $5,062 $38,811 Sep $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $7,000 $4,500 $4,500 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $4,000 $39,916 10 $5,987 $45,903 Oct $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $7,000 $4,500 $4,500 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $4,000 $39,916 10 $5,987 $45,903 Nov $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $7,000 $4,500 $4,500 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $4,000 $39,916 10 $5,987 $45,903 Dec $0 $5,000 $4,166 $3,750 $2,500 $7,000 $4,500 $4,500 $4,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $4,000 $39,916 10 $5,987 $45,903
Page 2
Appendix
Appendix Table: Profit and Loss (Planned) Pro Forma Profit and Loss Sales Direct Cost of Sales Other Total Cost of Sales Gross Margin Gross Margin % Operating Expenses: Advertising/Promotion Other Promotional Costs Travel Miscellaneous Payroll Expense Payroll Burden Depreciation Store Set Up Costs Utilities Insurance Rent Telephone Servicing Costs Contract/Consultants Total Operating Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes Interest Expense Short-term Interest Expense Long-term Taxes Incurred Extraordinary Items Net Profit Net Profit/Sales Jan $145,265 $62,081 $0 -----------$62,081 $83,184 57.26% $14,527 $6,000 $800 $750 $25,083 $3,762 $0 $0 $800 $800 $1,500 $7,263 $4,000 $0 -----------$65,285 $17,899 $0 $13,625 $0 $0 $4,274 2.94% Feb $159,293 $67,973 $0 -----------$67,973 $91,320 57.33% $15,929 $6,000 $800 $750 $25,083 $3,762 $0 $0 $800 $800 $1,500 $7,965 $0 $0 -----------$63,389 $27,931 $0 $13,542 $0 $0 $14,389 9.03% Mar $175,250 $74,675 $0 -----------$74,675 $100,576 57.39% $17,525 $6,000 $800 $750 $25,083 $3,762 $0 $15,000 $1,600 $800 $3,000 $8,763 $0 $0 -----------$83,083 $17,493 $0 $13,458 $0 $0 $4,034 2.30% Apr $175,250 $74,675 $0 -----------$74,675 $100,576 57.39% $17,525 $6,000 $800 $750 $28,749 $4,312 $0 $15,000 $1,600 $1,600 $3,000 $8,763 $0 $4,000 -----------$92,099 $8,477 $0 $13,375 $0 $0 ($4,898) -2.80% May $175,250 $74,675 $0 -----------$74,675 $100,576 57.39% $17,525 $6,000 $800 $750 $28,749 $4,312 $0 $0 $1,600 $1,600 $3,000 $8,763 $8,000 $4,000 -----------$85,099 $15,477 $0 $13,292 $0 $0 $2,185 1.25% Jun $175,250 $74,675 $0 -----------$74,675 $100,576 57.39% $17,525 $6,000 $800 $750 $31,749 $4,762 $0 $0 $1,600 $1,600 $3,000 $8,763 $0 $4,000 -----------$80,549 $20,027 $0 $13,208 $0 $0 $6,818 3.89% Jul $175,250 $74,675 $0 -----------$74,675 $100,576 57.39% $17,525 $6,000 $800 $750 $33,749 $5,062 $0 $0 $1,600 $1,600 $3,000 $8,763 $0 $4,000 -----------$82,849 $17,727 $0 $13,125 $0 $0 $4,602 2.63% Aug $175,250 $74,675 $0 -----------$74,675 $100,576 57.39% $17,525 $6,000 $800 $750 $33,749 $5,062 $0 $15,000 $2,400 $2,400 $4,500 $8,763 $0 $4,000 -----------$100,949 ($373) $0 $13,042 $0 $0 ($13,415) -7.65% Sep $175,250 $74,675 $0 -----------$74,675 $100,576 57.39% $17,525 $6,000 $800 $750 $39,916 $5,987 $0 $15,000 $2,400 $2,400 $4,500 $8,763 $0 $4,000 -----------$108,041 ($7,465) $0 $12,958 $0 $0 ($20,424) -11.65% Oct $175,250 $74,675 $0 -----------$74,675 $100,576 57.39% $17,525 $6,000 $800 $750 $39,916 $5,987 $0 $0 $2,400 $2,400 $4,500 $8,763 $0 $4,000 -----------$93,041 $7,535 $0 $12,875 $0 $0 ($5,340) -3.05% Nov $206,362 $87,622 $0 -----------$87,622 $118,740 57.54% $20,636 $6,000 $800 $750 $39,916 $5,987 $0 $15,000 $2,400 $2,400 $4,500 $10,318 $0 $4,000 -----------$112,708 $6,033 $0 $12,792 $0 $0 ($6,759) -3.28% Dec $241,163 $102,238 $0 -----------$102,238 $138,925 57.61% $24,116 $6,000 $800 $750 $39,916 $5,987 $0 $15,000 $3,200 $3,200 $6,000 $12,058 $12,000 $4,000 -----------$133,028 $5,897 $0 $12,708 $0 $0 ($6,811) -2.82%
Page 3
Appendix
Appendix Table: Cash Flow (Planned) Pro Forma Cash Flow Cash Received Cash from Operations: Cash Sales From Receivables Subtotal Cash from Operations Additional Cash Received Extraordinary Items Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received New Current Borrowing New Other Liabilities (interest-free) New Long-term Liabilities Sales of other Short-term Assets Sales of Long-term Assets New Investment Received Subtotal Cash Received Expenditures Expenditures from Operations: Cash Spent on Costs and Expenses Wages, Salaries, Payroll Taxes, etc. Payment of Accounts Payable Subtotal Spent on Operations Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing Other Liabilities Principal Repayment Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment Purchase Other Short-term Assets Purchase Long-term Assets Dividends Adjustment for Assets Purchased on Credit Subtotal Cash Spent Net Cash Flow Cash Balance Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
$104,591 $119,137 $223,728 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $223,728 Jan $14,523 $28,845 $22,454 $65,822 $0 $0 $0 $15,000 $5,000 $0 $0 ($5,000) $80,822 $142,906 $317,906
$114,691 $61,405 $176,096 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $176,096 Feb $12,195 $28,845 $130,005 $171,046 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $181,046 ($4,950) $312,957
$126,180 $62,625 $188,805 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $188,805 Mar $16,107 $28,845 $110,929 $155,881 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $12,000 $0 $0 ($12,000) $165,881 $22,924 $335,881
$126,180 $46,985 $173,165 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $173,165 Apr $14,709 $33,061 $144,545 $192,316 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $202,316 ($29,151) $306,730
$126,180 $49,070 $175,250 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $175,250 May $14,000 $33,061 $132,166 $179,228 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $189,228 ($13,978) $292,753
$126,180 $49,070 $175,250 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $175,250 Jun $13,192 $36,511 $125,761 $175,464 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $185,464 ($10,214) $282,538
$126,180 $49,070 $175,250 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $175,250 Jul $13,184 $38,811 $118,726 $170,721 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $180,721 ($5,471) $277,068
$126,180 $49,070 $175,250 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $175,250 Aug $14,985 $38,811 $119,194 $172,991 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $182,991 ($7,741) $269,327
$126,180 $49,070 $175,250 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $175,250 Sep $14,977 $45,903 $134,866 $195,746 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $205,746 ($30,496) $238,831
$126,180 $49,070 $175,250 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $175,250 Oct $13,469 $45,903 $134,341 $193,713 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $203,713 ($28,463) $210,368
$148,581 $49,070 $197,651 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $197,651 Nov $30,016 $45,903 $126,183 $202,102 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $20,000 $100,000 $0 ($120,000) $212,102 ($14,452) $195,916
$173,637 $53,716 $227,353 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $227,353 Dec $21,669 $45,903 $267,644 $335,216 $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $345,216 ($117,862) $78,054
0.00%
Page 4
Appendix
Appendix Table: Balance Sheet (Planned) Pro Forma Balance Sheet Assets Short-term Assets Cash Accounts Receivable Inventory Other Short-term Assets Total Short-term Assets Long-term Assets Long-term Assets Accumulated Depreciation Total Long-term Assets Total Assets Liabilities and Capital Accounts Payable Current Borrowing Other Short-term Liabilities Subtotal Short-term Liabilities Long-term Liabilities Total Liabilities Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Earnings Total Capital Total Liabilities and Capital Net Worth $18,097 $0 $0 $18,097 $1,650,000 $1,668,097 $0 ($1,413,246) $185,855 ($1,227,391) $440,706 ($1,227,391) Jan $126,347 $0 $0 $126,347 $1,635,000 $1,761,347 $0 ($1,227,391) $4,274 ($1,223,117) $538,230 ($1,223,117) Feb $106,096 $0 $0 $106,096 $1,625,000 $1,731,096 $0 ($1,227,391) $18,663 ($1,208,728) $522,369 ($1,208,728) Mar $140,133 $0 $0 $140,133 $1,615,000 $1,755,133 $0 ($1,227,391) $22,698 ($1,204,693) $550,440 ($1,204,693) Apr $127,966 $0 $0 $127,966 $1,605,000 $1,732,966 $0 ($1,227,391) $17,799 ($1,209,592) $523,374 ($1,209,592) May $121,803 $0 $0 $121,803 $1,595,000 $1,716,803 $0 ($1,227,391) $19,984 ($1,207,407) $509,397 ($1,207,407) Jun $114,771 $0 $0 $114,771 $1,585,000 $1,699,771 $0 ($1,227,391) $26,803 ($1,200,588) $499,182 ($1,200,588) Jul $114,698 $0 $0 $114,698 $1,575,000 $1,689,698 $0 ($1,227,391) $31,404 ($1,195,987) $493,711 ($1,195,987) Aug $130,373 $0 $0 $130,373 $1,565,000 $1,695,373 $0 ($1,227,391) $17,989 ($1,209,402) $485,971 ($1,209,402) Sep $130,300 $0 $0 $130,300 $1,555,000 $1,685,300 $0 ($1,227,391) ($2,435) ($1,229,825) $455,475 ($1,229,825) Oct $117,178 $0 $0 $117,178 $1,545,000 $1,662,178 $0 ($1,227,391) ($7,775) ($1,235,166) $427,012 ($1,235,166) Nov $261,143 $0 $0 $261,143 $1,535,000 $1,796,143 $0 ($1,227,391) ($14,534) ($1,241,925) $554,218 ($1,241,925) Dec $188,518 $0 $0 $188,518 $1,525,000 $1,713,518 $0 ($1,227,391) ($21,345) ($1,248,736) $464,782 ($1,248,736) Starting Balances $175,000 $178,706 $34,000 $3,000 $390,706 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $440,706 Jan $317,906 $100,243 $62,081 $8,000 $488,230 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $538,230 Feb $312,957 $83,440 $67,973 $8,000 $472,369 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $522,369 Mar $335,881 $69,884 $74,675 $20,000 $500,440 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $550,440 Apr $306,730 $71,969 $74,675 $20,000 $473,374 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $523,374 May $292,753 $71,969 $74,675 $20,000 $459,397 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $509,397 Jun $282,538 $71,969 $74,675 $20,000 $449,182 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $499,182 Jul $277,068 $71,969 $74,675 $20,000 $443,711 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $493,711 Aug $269,327 $71,969 $74,675 $20,000 $435,971 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $485,971 Sep $238,831 $71,969 $74,675 $20,000 $405,475 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $455,475 Oct $210,368 $71,969 $74,675 $20,000 $377,012 $50,000 $0 $50,000 $427,012 Nov $195,916 $80,681 $87,622 $40,000 $404,218 $150,000 $0 $150,000 $554,218 Dec $78,054 $94,490 $102,238 $40,000 $314,782 $150,000 $0 $150,000 $464,782
Page 5