2011 VCAA CHEM EXAM 2

By Mao

Solutions to 2011 VCAA Chemistry U4 Exam

By Mao Multiple Choice
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D. I understand there is some controversy to this. So I will go through each option here. (a) If the equilibrium constant is small, only some Fe3+ will be converted. This is not useful for accurately determining Fe3+ , as this depends on how accurately we know the equilibrium constant. A large K (i.e. K > 104 ) will be more useful, as that implies complete conversion. (b) We dont want excess Fe3+ , as that implies some ions wont convert, and thus we wont be able to nd the concentration of Fe3+ . (This technique will be useful for nding unknown [SCN ]) (c) See above. (d) This is the correct option. The low temperature is a bonus (greater yield). The question still remains why do we want more [FeSCN]2+ . For people who have done the experiment, you would know this chemical as a dark, strongly absorbing compound. When the concentration is high enough, the solution appears black (i.e. complete absorption), and we dont want that. To x this, we would simply dilute the initial solution several (hundred) times. It is often that we start with a concentrated solution (0.x M) and dilute it to very low concentration (mM or even M). The aim here is to be as quantitative as possible, thus we need accurate amounts, i.e. complete conversion. 6. C. Horribly worded question. 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. D

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2011 VCAA CHEM EXAM 2

By Mao

Short Answer
1. Lets go with sulfuric acid. (a) i. Causes burns. Irritating to resp. system. Risk of serious damage to eyes. Toxic if swallowed. (Other options possible, I cannot be bothered checking the MSDS right now, so I just listed the obvious ones. Fairly sure sulfuric acid ts every description except Flammable, though it can cause res in other ammable materials.) ii. Wear personal protective equipment. (b) i. Ammonium sulfate. ii. 2N H3(g) + H2 SO4 (aq) (N H4 )2 SO4(aq) (Lab-based. Industrial application has states (g) + (l or aq) (s)) Of course, other chemicals/compounds are also possible. 2. I will provide answers for all reactions. (a) i. Coal (chemical energy) / Octane (chemical energy) / Uranium (nuclear energy) / Biodiesel (chemical energy) [you can substitute name with chemicals] ii. Renewable has a replenishing source which replenishes the supply at a rate greater than demand. (In this sense, biofuels are strictly not renewable, but we have the capacity to expand their generation so its greater than demand.) iii. I assume they mean heat electrical, which is a two part process (heat mechanical electrical), whatever. Electricity is used to power electrical devices, which perform various functions (heating water to the Internet). (b) i. Continuous supply of fuel
2 ii. O2(g) + 4e 2O(g) The state of the oxide ion is given in the next quesiton. How nice of them. Note that (aq) would be wrong.

iii. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2 O(g) 3. (a) E = CF T = 3.363kJ = V Q = Q = 659 C (b) i. Exothermic ii. E = n H = T CF = H = T CF/(6.038/111.1) = 71.7 kJ/mol 4. (a) The reaction stated is a combination of E o = 1.36V and E o = 1.33V . The key here is to realise the oxidation reaction would have the lowest E o , and in this case it is the bromine equation at E o = 1.09V . Thus Br2 (l) will be preferentially produced over HOBr.
+ (b) 2HCl(aq) 2H(aq) + Cl2(g) + 2e

5. (a)

i. Initially the system contains only NO. This means initially there is only back reaction, no foward reaction. As the system equilibrate, the back reaction slows and forward reaction increases, until both rates are equal, at which point equilibrium is reached. During this, the forward reaction cannot overtake the back reaction, as this implies the two rates must have been equal at some stage, and equilibrium has been reached but the reaction kept going, which is absurd. while the system is reaching equilibrium (when starting with only products), the back reaction is always faster than forward. ii. Once equilibrium is established, the rates of both are equal, and thus back reaction is not faster than forward. The nature of equilibria dictates that once equilibrium is reached, neither rates will change unless an external force acts upon it, thus the forward rate will never exceed the backwards rate.

(b)

i. High Temperature, ample oxygen and nitrogen. ii. Your typical exothermic proles (decomposition reaction is the back reaction, i.e. exothermic). Eect of catalyst reduces the activation barrier.

6. (a)

+ i. HCOOH(aq) + H2 Ol HCOO(aq) + H3 O(aq)

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2011 VCAA CHEM EXAM 2

By Mao

ii. Ka = (b)

[H3 O+ ][HCOO ] [HCOOH]

0.05[H + ] 0.25

i. 1.8 104 = ii. 3.05

= [H + ] = 0.0009M = 9.00 104 M

iii. Solution B. Two ways to look at this. A. From a mathematical perspective, you can calculate the pH for both systems. You will nd the prior has pH=2, the latter has pH=3.7 B. From a equilibrium perspective, the second system is the rst system, with additional products. This means the equilibrium will be pushed to the left, less ionization thus higher pH. 7. (a) i. Exothermic. Increased temperature decreases yield. ii. A fast rate of reaction is preferred. iii. Higher pressure pushes the equilibrium to the side with fewer molecules, in this case the product side, thus higher yield. (b) i. Reduces the activation energy, thus increasing the likelihood that a collision is fruitful. 8. (a) Cu+ + e Cu(s) (aq) (b) Since the equilibrium constant is large, this means in excess cyanide ions, almost all copper(I) ions will form tetracyanocuprate(I), thus leaving a very concentration of copper(I) ions in solution. (c) Since hydrogen cyanide is toxic, we need to limit its concentration. Addition of hydroxide pushes this equilibrium to the left, thus limiting the formation of hydrogen cyanide, allowing for safe operation (at low hydrogen cyanide concentrations).
+ (d) 2H(aq) + 2e H2(g)

(e) Mols of copper: n(Cu+ ) =

36.425.2 63.6

= 0.176mol

Amount of electron: n(e) = 0.176mol = 16984C Time: t = 16984/0.9 = 18871 s = 315 min

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