Medical Biophysics- Dr Bajgar Skin Impedance Measurement (Group 7)

Name: Muhammad Akmal Bin Mt Kamil Mohd Izzat Bin Mohd Rodzi Nur Azira Binti Mustapa Date : 18 October 2010 Temperature in Laboratory: 25oC Pressure in Laboratory: Atmospheric pressure Humidity in Laboratory: Normal Task : 1. Measure the skin resistance R at three different spots on the palm of the forearm using the DC current and following certain conditions: a) Electrode of 3mm in diameter b) Applying constant pressure of the measuring electrode c) Current density I= 0.2 Amm-2 d) Measuring time of 5 seconds 2. Measure the skin impedance Z, at the same spots with AC current and frequency of 300Hz 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 but this time use ECG gel. 4. Calculate the results and compare them with and without gel.

Method of Experiment
1. Connect the DC source by pressing white button on the switchbox. Adjust the amperemeter to 200A and voltmeter 20V. Hold the indifferent electrode in the hand while the other electrode perpendicular to the surface of the skin.Touch the chosen site and press the electrode against the skin. 2. The head of the electrode must be turned to the highest mark to gain applied pressure of 62kPa on the skin. 3. Set the current to 2.8A to gain the current density of 0.2 Amm-2 multiplied by the touched area of the electrode. ( 14mm2) 4. Record the reading after 5 seconds and turn the voltage again to zero. 5. Repeat step 1 but this time use AC current by pressing the red button and tuen the meters to AC range. 6. Repeat steps 1 to 3 but this time apply ECG gel on the contact surface. 7. Repeat steps 1 to 6 in 3 different places. 8. Ohms Law a) Resistance R in DC or conductivity G R=U/I=1/G b) Impedance Z in AC or admittance Y Z=U/I=1/Y c) Capacity, C= ((Y2-G2)/ 2)

Results
Eg 1: Calculation of R (k ) Direct voltage, spot electrode, I( A) = 2.8 R =U/I R = 1.84/2.8 A = 1118k Eg 2 : Calculation of G (S) Direct voltage, spot electrode, I( A) = 2.8 G=1/R G=1/657=1.52mS Eg 3 : Calculation of Y(S) Alternating voltage, spot electrode, I( A) = 2.8 Y=I/U Y= 2.8/0.36=7.78 S Eg 4 : Calculation of C (F) Alternating voltage, spot electrode, I( A) = 2.8 Capacity, C= ((Y2-G2)/ 2) C= ((7.78 2-0.894 2)/ 18852) = 4.10 x 10-9 F spot electrode I ( A) U (V) Avera ge R (k ) G (S) I ( A) 2.8 2.90 3.36 3.12 3.13 1118 0.894 2.8 0.31 0.37 0.41 surface electrode 98 10.8 11.8 11.7 11.4 116 8.62 98 0.91 1.22 1.13 1.09 89.9 4.74 x 10-8 surface electrode with ECG gel 98 10.5 11.7 10.1 10.8 110 9.09 98 0.92 0.81 0.84 0.86 0.114m 6.03 x 10-8

Direct voltage

Alternating U (V) voltage 300 Hz Aver 0.36 = 2 f = age -1 1885 s Y (S) 7.78 C (F) 4.10 x 10-9 Table 1: Results of experiments

Conclusions:
Referring to the table of results, it is shown that the value for R of DC decreases as the I increases by changing from spot electrode to surface electrode and R also decreases as the ECG are added to the surface electrode.The values for G,Y and as well as C also increases

when ECG gel was applied to the surface electrode and when change from spot to surface electrode.