MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Dr. Sunil Jha

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Fluid Power
Technology that deals with Generation of Power using Control Pressurized fluids Transmission Muscle that moves industry Used to Push, Pull, Regulate, or Drive all machines of modern industry Fluid Liquid (Hydraulics) Gas (Pneumatics)
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Advantages of Fluid Power

Ease and Accuracy of Control
Control using simple levers & buttons

Multiplication of Force
Multiply forces without gears, pulleys, levers

Constant Force or Torque

Only fluid power can provide this irrespective of speed changes

Simplicity, Safety, Economy

Fewer moving parts, compact, reliable
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Components of a Fluid Power System

A Tank (reservoir) to hold fluid A Pump to force liquid through system Electric Motor to drive pump Valves to control liquid direction, pressure and flow rate Actuator to convert fluid energy to mechanical force or torque Piping to carry fluid
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Pascals Law
Principle of how fluid transmit power
Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions

Force Multiplication
10 N
1 sq. cm

100 N
10 sq. cm

Pressure of 10N/sq cm

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Fluid Power Actuators

Linear Hydraulic Actuators (Hydraulic Cylinders) Limited Rotation Hydraulic Actuator Rotary Actuator

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Hydraulic cylinders

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Cylinder Mountings

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Mechanical Linkages

MEL334: Low Cost Automation

Control Components
Three basic types of control devices:
Direction Control Valves (control fluid path)
Check Valves Shuttle Valves 2-Way, 3-Way, 4-Way DCV

Pressure Control Valves (protect system) Flow Control Valves (speed control)

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Direction Control Valves

Control direction of flow in hydraulic circuit CHECK VALVE

Symbol

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Direction Control Valves

CHECK VALVE
Pilot operated check valve

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Direction Control Valves

Two-Way, Four-Way
Used to direct inlet flow to either of two outlet ports DCVs use sliding spool 2 or 3 position

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Direction Control Valves

Two-Way Valves
Used to direct pump flow to either of two paths of circuit

Four-Way Valves
Used to control double acting hydraulic cylinders

Spool of a DCV can be positioned by

Manually Mechanically Using pilot pressure Using Electrical Solenoid

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Direction Control Valves

Two-way Valve Four-way Valve

Spool Positions
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Direction Control Valves

Manually actuated, spring centered, 3-position, 4-way valve

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Direction Control Valves

Two-position, spring-offset, four-way valve

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Direction Control Valves

Mechanically actuated 4-way valve

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Direction Control Valves

Air pilot-actuated four-way valve

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Direction Control Valves

Operation of Solenoid to shift Spool

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Direction Control Valves

Solenoid actuated Direction Control Valve

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