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Technologies for emergency management and civil protection


Paloma Daz
DEI Lab Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010, June 3rd-4th, Bangalore (India)

Who am I?
Bac. and Phd in Computer Science(Polytechnic University of Madrid) Full Prof. at University Carlos III of Madrid Head of the DEI Lab research group 2007-2010: Scientific Manager of the research programme Services for IST (MICINN) ICT advisor for the Civil Protection Department (Spanish Ministry of Interior) Member of the editorial board of International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Track co-chair of ISCRAM 2010-11? and PC member since 2008

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

My group: Lab DEI

Research as a path to innovation: shifting

the standard practices of a community of people so that they are more effective at what they do (Dennis Tsichritzis)

To look for technological solutions that might contribute to change the usual practices of a particular community to do whatever they do in a more effective form

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

What do we do?

Emergency Management Systems

Web Engineering and Web design


eLearning

HCI & Information Access

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

The human side


Full Prof.
Ignacio Aedo Paloma Daz

Associate/Visiting prof.
Alessio Malizia Elisa Giaccardi Susana Monero Stavros Asimakopoulos Nathan Ryan

Assistant prof. (phD)


David Dez Esther Guerra Telmo Zarraonanda Phd. Students Pablo Acua Andrea Belluci Steffen Lohman Francisco Melgar M. Teresa Muoz Teresa Onoratt Mario Rafael Ruiz

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Some projects on EM

National grants
ARCE++ (TSI2004-03394)
Improve the development of information system for emergency situations PI: Ignacio Aedo

UIA4SIGE (TSI2007-60388)
New approaches to improve the usability, interoperability and accessibility of IS for emergency management PI: Ignacio Aedo

URThey (TIN2009-09687)
Use of web 2.0 tools to improve citizens preparation to emergencies PI: Paloma Daz

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Some projects on EM

Industrial projects (Nationally funded)


CENIT INTEGRA
More than 23 companies involved Main partner: AMPER DEI contribution: Advanced interfaces for C&C centers controlling non regulated borders

CENIT ENERGOS
18 companies involved Main partner: INDRA DEI contribution: HCI techniques to improve situational awareness of operators of energy smart grid networks

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Some projects on EM

Contracts with DGPCE


ARCE
Latin american project involving 21 govenmental organisms Improve international coordination

SIGAME
National project involving 17 Autonomous Communities + 2 Autnomous cities Improve national coordination

ESA6-SIU
Stakeholders are all the fire brigades in Spain + local/regional organisms Provide some standardisation to be able to interchange date on operations and generate common statistics

SICLE
Bilateral project between Spain and Portugal Improve international cooperation

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Agenda

Emergency management and ICT Projects on inter-agency cooperation Projects on HCI for emergency management Open Challenges

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

ICT & emergencies

ICT might improve emegency management


Supporting different phases

Supporting different kinds of necessities


Governmental agencies and corps Non governmental organizations Communities (Radio ham networks, volunteers...) Citizens

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

The ICC triad

Information

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Information

During the emergency management you have to deal with lots of data coming from different sources
Damages Socio-economic situation of the area Emergency status Cooperators Affected people Infrastructures Needs

Information deluge

Information dearth

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Information
In the emergency management:
There are different roles/necessities Each piece of information is only pertinet to some roles There are many different sources of information People takes decisions under pressure and stress

You have to validate, organize and distribute information to provide the right information, in the right way and moment to the right person

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Communication

In the communication process you have


Different roles Different information categories Different contexts and operation conditions Different ways to communicate

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Communication

Communication amongst cooperators has to be fluid, reliable and effective

You have to guarantee that each role will be able to contact whoever he needs/has to from everywhere and at any moment

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Coordination

In the emergency management they take part


Several people with different responsibilities Several organizations with a different structure, protocols, needs and expectations

Coordination implies:
Considering each person does different tasks You cant be strict when defining the roles You cant take decisions if you are not trained for You need to know who takes the decisions and the rationale behind them
Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Coordination

You need solutions that:


Support a distributed management but, at the same time, offer centralized information on the emergency management Guarantee each person will be able to perform her tasks Gurantee you will be able to audit the process

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Summary

INFORMATION

Each person should get the information she needs depending on the task shes doing Information has to be reliable, accesible, verifiable and updated

COMMUNICATION

Access from everywhere and every moment Each role can contact the person she needs

COORDINATION

Each role can perform her tasks in a coordinated way The process can be audited

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Agenda

Emergency management and ICT Projects on inter-agency cooperation Projects on HCI for emergency management Open Challenges

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

International cooperation in emergency situations


EU institutions and EU member states have over time increased their reliance on co-operation for the provision of civil protection assistance in order to be as effective as possible on the site of a disaster. There is clear added-value in working together. Such co-operation allows for the pooling of resources, maximising the collective European effort on site.
The Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC). European Union

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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Cooperation in emergency management


Each emergency is managed by a governmental agency that has to coordinate all the other efforts

Inter-agency cooperation Inter-regional cooperation

International cooperation

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

EMIS for cooperation

Most of cooperation issues can be solved using well-designed EM Information Systems


EMIS organize, classify, filter and select information to provide the appropriate view to each user depending on their needs, characteristics and goals EMIS can be accessed using different technological platforms.

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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EMIS for cooperation

Latinamerican project involving 21 different organizations RBAC access and information flow policy Multipurpose Distributed management
Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

EMIS for cooperation

INTERNET

WEB SERVICE

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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EMIS for cooperation

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Agenda

Emergency management and ICT Projects on inter-agency cooperation Projects on HCI for emergency management Open Challenges

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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The role of IT
ICT can be used to improve emergency management The main challenges are: To deploy useful technologies that respect people and environments To tear down some sociological, political, organizational and personal barriers againts the use of IT

People Agencies Environment (economic, geographical, social, culturual)

ICT

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

HCI in emergencies

Usability
Each user can use the system to fulfil her goals efficiently The system is easy to learn and to remember

Accessibility
Each user can access the information she needs in the way she needs it

Information and activity awareness


Users receive the information required to understand the situation and how it is evolving
Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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ARCE++ (2004-2007)
Supporting multiple devices

INMARSAT, IRIDIUM,... INTERNET

Wi-Fi

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

UIA4SIGE (2007-2010)
Sema4a: Alerts for all

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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IUA4SIGE (2007-2010)

Emergency patterns: sharing knowledge on design

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

URThey (2010-2013)

eStorys: Supporting citizens visual narratives

Creating stories from social networks resources

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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INTEGRA:

New interaction devices for C&C

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Agenda

Emergency management and ICT Projects on inter-agency cooperation Projects on HCI for emergency management Open Challenges

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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Open challenges

Tecnology Acceptance models and strategies Tecnologies for citizens Rich interaction mechanisms supporting preparation & planning activities

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Tecnology Acceptance models and strategies


A well-designed EMIS cannot be accepted/used
The Good (End-user, emergency management workers of operation centers): lack of confidence in the system utility (sense of losing time), lack of interlocutor awareness, increasing workload The Bad (Politicians ): central government interference, lost of power, distrust,

The Ugly (Organization): complex/unfamiliar protocols, lost of efficiency and control

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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Strategies to improve acceptance


Emergency management capacity is built from the ground up (Waugh and Streib, 2006)

Provoke a push-up acceptation process


Pragmatically: Change the attitude towards the system More idealistically: change a bureaucratic workflow that slows down the reaction
Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Strategies to improve acceptance


Some strategies
Adopting a real participatory design process
Users (the good, the ugly and the bad) are co-designers and sshare responsibility) Application of meta-design techniques

Supporting community building mechanisms within the IS


Taking part in the CoP might be a powerful reason to use the system

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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Technologies for citizens

Techologies to improve preparation to emergencies and risks


URThey:
Social interactive game for children Tools to transfer knowledge from CoPs to CoIs

Social tecnologies to enhance communication and awareness during emergencies


Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Interaction in all emergency phases


Advanced interaction for the collaboration among different actors in the planning process Improvement of situational and activity awarenees of emergency participants Integration of planning and training/preparation to improve the response in emergency situations
Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

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Papers

P. Diaz, P.Acua, I. Aedo, and A. Malizia. A Design Patterns Catalog for Web-Based Emergency Management Systems. In Management of the Interconnected World, A. DAtri et al. (eds.). Springer-Verlag, 2010. A.Malizia, T. Onorati, P. Diaz, I. Aedo, F. Astorga-Paliza: SEMA4A: An ontology for emergency notification systems accessibility. Expert Syst. Appl. 37(4): 3380-3391 (2010). A. Malizia, P. Acua, T. Onorati, P. Diaz and I. Aedo. CAP-ONES: an emergency notification system for all. Int. J. Emergency Management, Vol. 6, Nos. 3/4,302-316, (2009). A. Bellucci, A. Malizia, P. Daz, I. Aedo: Human-Display Interaction Technology: Emerging Remote Interfaces for Pervasive Display Environments. IEEE Pervasive Computing 9(2): 72-76 (2010) I. Aedo, P. Daz, J. M. Carroll, G. Convertino, M.B. Rosson: End-user oriented strategies to facilitate multi-organizational adoption of emergency management information systems. Inf. Process. Manage. 46(1): 11-21 (2010) T. Zarraonandia, M.R. Ruiz Vargas, P. Daz, I. Aedo: A Virtual Environment for Learning Aiport Emergency Management Protocols. HCI (3) 2009: 228-235. I. Aedo, P. Daz and D. Sanz. An RBAC Model-Based Approach to Specify the Access Policies of Web-Based Emergency Information Systems. International Journal of Intelligent Control and Systems, Special Issue on "Emergency Management Systems, 11(4), 272-283, 2006.

Paloma Daz. ICT for emergency management

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010

Thanks for your attention


dei.inf.uc3m.es dei@uc3m.es

Paloma Daz
DEI Lab Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

MICINN-DST Joint Workshop 2010, June 3rd-4th, Bangalore (India)

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