EEE 464: Wireless Communications Fall-2011.

BET 7- B/C

Lets know each other!

My Introduction
Email: Atif_Shakeel@comsats.edu.pk Phone: 8318471 ext 120 Office: Room 101, Academic block I Office hours: Tuesday: 1000-1130 Thursday: 1130-1300 Or by appointment (taken either by email or at the end of every lecture)

Course Introduction, Objectives and My wishes Introduce your self Suggestions / Questions are always welcome and some times would be required.

Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to: Understand electromagnetic wave propagation. Understand the concepts and principles explicitly involved in wireless communications. Understand digital modulation techniques. Characterize the wireless channel. Understand wireless channel impairments and techniques to minimize them. Understand and analyze the modern communication concepts such as MIMO, OFDM etc. Learn and comprehend modern wireless technologies such as: Wireless LAN, Wi-Fi, WIMAX, LTE etc.

Recommended Background
In the design of this course, it is assumed that the participants have general (but not advanced) background knowledge in the courses listed below. Due to time constraints, I would not be able to teach the topics related to these areas during this course. Please do not expect from me to teach the below mentioned courses. Data Communication and Computer networks. (EEE 314) Digital Communication Systems (EEE 463) Probability theory and random variables (MTH 263) Note: If you think you are weak in these courses, I would recommend you to either revise these courses in the starting weeks, or to drop the course.

Recommended Books
In this course, we would not have a specific text book. Information about a lot of topics can be found in the following text books.

Wireless Communications, Andrea Goldsmith, Cambridge University Press, 2005

Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Theodore S. Rappaport, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 2002

Grading Policy
Sessional I Sessional II Quizzes Assignments Project/Seminar Class Participation Terminal Exam Total
Note: No late submission Allowed
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10 Marks 15 Marks 10 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 50 Marks 100 Marks

Cheating & Plagiarism

My apologies if you are one of the vast majority of students who dont resort to academic dishonesty. What is cheating & plagiarism?
Acting dishonestly, practicing fraud Stealing or using (without my permission) other peoples writings or ideas E.g. from other students, other sources such as web sites, solutions from previous offerings of this course etc. Note that it doesnt have to be literal copying stealing ideas but presenting in a different style is still cheating and plagiarism.

You are also guilty if you aid in cheating & plagiarism My policy: zero tolerance
HWs, paper presentation: zero score + one level reduction in course grade Exam, project: F grade for the course + report to Dean More than 1 incident: : F grade for the course + report to Dean

Moreover, please remember that you may have to face me in other exams (e.g. prelims, qualifiers) and professionally!
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Lecture Breakdown
Topics Covered
Week 1 Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems, Review of Signals and Systems, Analog and Digital Communication ,Data Communications and Networks. Basics of Radio System and receiver design. Propagation fundamentals, Propagation Mechanism, Propagation modeling, Small scale fading and multipath effects, large scale fading Cellular Concepts, frequency re-use, cell shape, Interference problems in Cellular Systems, interference management schemes, Sectoring, Cell-splitting, Coverage area, Outage Probability, Trunking Theory, Blocked Systems, Queuing Systems, Handoff fundamentals. Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 13-16 Week 16 Fundamentals of Modulations and their performance analysis in Wireless Systems Equalization techniques for mitigating wireless channel effects, tree diagram, zero forcing Basics of Diversity, Types of diversity and their implementations in Wireless Systems, Combining Techniques analysis based on outage probability Multipath Access Methods in Wireless communication, types of Multiple Access methods Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) Fundamentals Multicarrier modulation and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Seminars on Mobile Systems and Standards, Introduction to GSM, HSPA, UMTS, WLAN, WIMAX, LTE etc. Conclusion of Course

Week 2 - 4 Week 5 - 7

Course Material Access

All the lecture slides and helping material, and course information would be available in the following yahoo group. Wireless-Comms-Fall2011 On-line material lecture viewgraphs in PDF & PPT check before class, and print them copies of handouts, home works, exams etc. important announcements

Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems.

Few terms you should have already know from the previously studied communication courses. Communication? Wireless Communications? Difference between Data and Wireless Communciations? Components of Wireless Communications?

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Wireless communications is, by any measure, the fastest growing segment of the communications industry Cellular systems have experienced exponential growth over the last decade and currently around two billion users worldwide. wireless local area networks Early radio systems transmitted analog signals. Today most radio systems transmit digital signals composed of binary bits, where the bits are obtained directly from a data signal or by digitizing an analog signal.

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Evolultion of Mobile Radio Communications

Figure 1.1 The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20 th century.

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Examples of Wireless Communication Systems

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Cellular System

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Generations of Cellular/Wireless Networks

1st Generation
1971 Proposal for AMPS by AT&T. AMPS (1982), Replaced with DAMPS (1990) FDMA with 30 KHz FM modulated voice channels. Bandwidth increased from 40 to 50 MHz. BW divided into two 25 MHz channels Circuit Switched. Voice Only.
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2nd Generation. 1990s GSM. Digital transmission, Out of band Signalling. SMS was introduced firstly on GSM. Introduction of accessing media contents on mobile phones. First full internet service was introduced by NTT DoCoMo in Japan ,1999.

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Various upgrades path for 2G Technologoeis

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 3rd Generation.
GPRS (2.5 G) EDGE W-CDMA / UMTS

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Spectrum Allocations for Existing Systems

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What is Wireless and Mobile Communication?

Wireless Communication
Transmitting voice and data using electromagnetic waves in open space Electromagnetic waves Travel at speed of light (c = 3x108 m/s) Has a frequency (f) and wavelength (l) c=fxl Higher frequency means higher energy photons The higher the energy photon the more penetrating is the radiation

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Simplex/Duplex Communication
Normally, on a channel, a station can transmit only in one way. This is called simplex transmision To enable two-way communication (called full-duplex communication) We can use Frequency Division Multiplexing We can use Time Division Multiplexing

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Wireless System Definitions

Mobile Station A station in the cellular radio service intended for use while in motion at unspecified locations. They can be either hand-held personal units (portables) or installed on vehicles (mobiles) Base station A fixed station in a mobile radio system used for radio communication with the mobile stations. Base stations are located at the center or edge of a coverage region. They consists of radio channels and transmitter and receiver antennas mounted on top of a tower.

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Wireless System Definitions

Mobile Switching Center Switching center which coordinates the routing of calls in a large service area. In a cellular radio system, the MSC connections the cellular base stations and the mobiles to the PSTN (telephone network). It is also called Mobile Telephone Switching Office (MTSO) Subscriber A user who pays subscription charges for using a mobile communication system Transceiver A device capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving radio signals

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Wireless System Definitions

Control Channel Radio channel used for transmission of call setup, call request, call initiation and other beacon and control purposes. Forward Channel Radio channel used for transmission of information from the base station to the mobile Reverse Channel Radio channel used for transmission of information from mobile to base station

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Wireless System Definitions

Simplex Systems Communication systems which provide only one-way communication Half Duplex Systems Communication Systems which allow two-way communication by using the same radio channel for both transmission and reception. At any given time, the user can either transmit or receive information. Full Duplex Systems Communication systems which allow simultaneous two-way communication. Transmission and reception is typically on two different channels (FDD).

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Wireless System Definitions

Handoff The process of transferring a mobile station from one channel or base station to an other. Roamer A mobile station which operates in a service area (market) other than that from which service has been subscribed. Page A brief message which is broadcast over the entire service area, usually in simulcast fashion by many base stations at the same time.

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Telecom and Data Networking

Telecom Interest

Data Networking Interest

- Voice Transmission - Frequency Reuse - Handoff Management -Location Tracking -Roaming -QoS -GSM, CDMA, Cordless Phones, -GPRS, EDGE

-Radio Propagation -Link Characteristics -Error Models -Wireless Medium Access (MAC) - Error Control

-Data Transmission -Mobile IP (integrating mobile hosts to internet) -Ad-hoc Networks -TCP over Wireless -Service Discovery

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Very Basic Cellular/PCS Architecture

Public Switched Telephone Network
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

Mobility Database
Base Station Controller

Radio Network

Base Station (BS)

Mobile Station
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Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)

01011011
0101 1011 Internet Access Point

WLANs connect local computers (100m range)

Breaks data into packets Channel access is shared (random access) Backbone Internet provides best-effort service

Poor performance in some apps (e.g. video)

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Wireless LAN Standards

802.11b (Current Generation) Standard for 2.4GHz ISM band (80 MHz) Frequency hopped spread spectrum 1.6-10 Mbps, 500 ft range 802.11a (Emerging Generation) Standard for 5GHz NII band (300 MHz) OFDM with time division 20-70 Mbps, variable range Similar to HiperLAN in Europe 802.11g (New Standard) Standard in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands OFDM Speeds up to 54 Mbps 802.11n(New Standard) Standard for 2.4GHz and 2.5 GHz bands DSSSCCK(Direct sequence spread spectrum complement key coding) or OFDM Speed up to 600Mbps MIMO

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Satellite Systems

Cover very large areas Different orbit heights GEOs (39000 Km) versus LEOs (2000 Km) Optimized for one-way transmission Radio (XM, DAB) and movie (SatTV) broadcasting

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Bluetooth
Cable replacement RF technology (low cost) Short range (10m, extendable to 100m)

2.4 GHz band (crowded)

1 Data (700 Kbps) and 3 voice channels Widely supported by telecommunications, PC, and consumer electronics companies

Few applications beyond cable replacement

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8C32810.61-Cimini-7/98

Overview of Signals and Systems

Signals and Systems is an introduction to analog and digital signal processing.
Continous and discrete time signals. Time and Frequency domains. Fourier Transform.

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 Data Communications and Networks.

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 Analog and Digital Communications.

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Homework 1
Read and digest the following papers! Fumiyuki Adachi, Wireless Past and future Evolving Mobile Communication Systems, IEIEC Trans, Fundamental, 2001 D. Cox, Wireless Personal Communications: What is It?, IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, (April 1995), pp. 20-35. These papers are on the course group

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End

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