Introduction to PowerGenix NiZn batteries

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Who is PowerGenix?
PowerGenix is an environmentally friendly battery company that has developed and patented a Nickel Zinc (NiZN) battery solution that delivers optimal power for various applications.

Founded in 2000 to develop a safe, high performance, and cost effective alternative to currently available sealed rechargeable batteries such as: Lead Acid, NiCd, NiMH, and Lithium Ion Headquarters in San Diego, CA Manufacturing in China (800K daily battery capacity) Certifications include UL, CE, ISO9001:2000, ISO14001 and RBRC Worldwide employees: 100

Initial focus on military applications, HEV, cordless tools, and AA/AAA consumer batteries
Highly experienced management team 100+ years of combined battery experience

The best consumer rechargeable battery system !

Benefits:

Only true rechargeable alternative for 1.5V single-use batteries due to higher voltage than traditional rechargeable batteries 1.6 volts optimizes power in applications NiZn 1.6 volts delivers superior power output, like lithium primary, rechargeable though !

The highest power density rechargeable system available on the market today. Greenest rechargeable battery system existing. 100% recyclable (contrary to e.g. NiMH and Lithium that hold compounds that cannot be recycled). Contributes to an improved environmental impact. Much better performance in extreme temperatures compared to NiMH. Ideal outdoor power product e.g. for GPS etc. Pays back in only 5 charges* Stays charged longer**

* reference: Duracell Plus at 4,99 ** compared to regular NiMH batteries at room temperature

PowerGenix: Competitive Advantage

PowerGenix NiZn offers a better rechargeable solution than the Energizer disposable lithium product for power hungry electronic devices NiZn 1.6 volts delivers superior power output, like lithium Energizer lithium costs around $10.00 and can only be used once. Save money over time with NiZn and recharge over hundreds times! Energizer lithium, like alkaline, is disposable and will end up in the landfill..not a green solution. PowerGenix NiZn AA batteries are 1.6 volts versus NiMH AA batteries that are 1.2 volts

The higher 1.6 voltage profile of NiZn delivers a shot of power to devices and provides longer usage time resulting into e.g. more pictures with digital cameras, brighter light in flashlights, faster reaction in game controllers, more playtime in music players, longer runtimes in general purpose devices etc. Even though NiMH may be high(er) capacity, because most devices have a 1.0v cut-off, not all the power in the cell is even being utilized 100% of all NiZn constituents are recyclable (vs only 70% of a NiMH cell) Works longer, needs less charges

NiZn is more environmentally friendly than NiMH

Performance: A 100 Year Problem Solved

From Edison 23 Patents Issued and Pending Electrolyte and Electrode Composition To PowerGenix

PowerGenix

Charging Algorithms
Cell Design Manufacturing Technology
PowerGenix has perfected the use of NiZn chemistry in a AA and AAA battery format to deliver a superior power product for use in consumer electronic devices.

Multiple Performance Advantages

vs. Ni-Cd and Ni-MH

Ni-Zn is 25% smaller because of 1.6V (versus 1.2V) Ni-Zn is 30% lighter: Lighter zinc electrode + Less cells

and connectors for pack packaging

Ni-Zn is >20% more powerful: Lower cell and 25% less cells in pack Cost competitive with Ni-Cd, >25% less than Ni-MH Environmentally friendly: No Cd, Pb, As, or Hg
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Multiple Performance Advantages

vs. Lithium-ion
Ni-Zn has 40% more power density (1,700 W/Kg vs. 1,200 W/Kg, continuous) Ni-Zn is cost effective ($0.35-$.40/Wh vs. $.60-70/Wh) Ni-Zn charger is simpler and is 50% less cost of a Li-ion charger

Ni-Zn packs have 18% less energy density than Li-ion at 10 C rate
discharge (45 Wh/Kg vs. 55 Wh/Kg) Ni-Zn requires no power management or protection electronics Li-ion batteries are classified as hazardous material in quantities above 96Wh adding transportation and logistics costs Completely safe: Ni-Zn has an aqueous (vs. organic) electrolyte All battery constituents will not burn

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The Bottom Line for Ni-Zn: Power at Low Cost

2600 2400 2200

Power Density (Watts/KG)

NiZn

2000

Li-ion

1800
1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 $0.00 $0.10 $.020 $0.30 $0.40 $0.50 $0.60 $0.70 $0.80 $0.90 $1.00 Lead Acid NiCd

or

NiMH

Lead Acid

$/Watt-Hour

No Safety Issues for Ni-Zn with Maximum Power Delivery in Pack Environment No Pack Management or Safety Electronics Required
Sources: E-One Moli (Li-ion), EnerSys website (VRLA), Sanyo & BYD websites (Ni-CD & Ni-MH), PGX testing (Ni-Zn and A123)

PowerGenix Has A Winning Blend

Cost ($/Wh)

Ni-Zn Li-ion Ni-Cd

Recycling Cost

Energy Den. (Wh/Kg)

Pwr. Den. (W/Kg)

Batteries, Batteries Everywhere

Batteries Not Included

Power Tools

Consumer Products First Viable Replacement for Existing ThrowAway AA and AAAs

Electric Scooters/LEVs

HEVs 30% Smaller and Lighter Battery

30% Smaller and Lighter Pack

20% More Power

40%+ More Range

>10% Power

>15% Lower Cost

The

Advantage

Performance at Various Discharge Rates Production Cells

2
Production Lot: SA19D10-1

0.2C 0.5C 1C 2C
3C

1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6

Cell Voltage (V)

1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 50mA Discharge: at given rate to cut-off voltage 1.1 Temperature: Ambient temperature of 22C 2C
1

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

Discharge Capacity (Ah)

0.2C Cycle Life Production Cells Discharge Capacity

2.0
Production Lot: SA19D10-1

1.8

1.6 1.4

Capacity, Ah

1.2 1.0
70% of Initial Capacity

0.8

0.6

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 75mA 0.4 Rest: 30 minutes Discharge: 0.2C (300mA) to 1.3V Rest: 30 minutes 0.2 Temperature: Ambient temperature of 22C 2C
0.0 0 50 100 150 200 250

Cycle Number

0.5C Cycle Life Production Cells Discharge Capacity

2.0
Production Lot: SA19D10-1

1.8

1.6 1.4

Capacity, Ah

1.2 1.0
70% of Initial Capacity

0.8

0.6

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 75mA 0.4 Rest: 30 minutes Discharge: 0.5C (750mA) to 1.2V Rest: 30 minutes 0.2 Temperature: Ambient temperature of 22C 2C
0.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Cycle Number

1.0C Cycle Life Production Cells Discharge Capacity

2
Production Lot: SA19D10-1

1.8 1.6 1.4

Capacity, Ah

1.2 1
70% of Initial Capacity

0.8
0.6

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 75mA Rest: 30 minutes Discharge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.1V 0.2 Rest: 30 minutes Temperature: Ambient temperature of 22C 2C
0.4
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Cycle Number

Performance at Temperature
2
0C

1.9
-10C

1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

-18C 25C

Voltage (V)

1.5

1.6

Discharge Capacity (Ah)

Charge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.9V, 1.9V to 75mA at ambient temperature of 22C 2C Rest: minimum 16 hours to come to given ambient temperature Discharge: 1.0C (1500mA) to 1.2V at given ambient temperature Rest: minimum 16 hours to come to ambient temperature of 22C 2C

Self-discharge data from external testing

Testing and Data provided by UniRoss.

Nickel-Zinc: A Superior Battery Chemistry

Very Eco Friendly; Meets RoHs : EU

Weight Size Power Run Time Safety Cost Toxicity

Recyclability

Ni-Zn 2nd 1st 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 1st

Ni-Cd 3rd 3rd 2nd 2nd 1st 1st 4th 4th

Ni-MH 3rd 3rd 2nd 2nd 2nd 3rd 2nd 2nd

Li-Ion 1st 1st 4th 1st 4th 4th 2nd 2nd