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School: Name: Date: ( )

Class: Subject: Mark: AL Practical Physics

A1 Studying force of friction (TAS)

Procedure 9 Of the wooden block: Mass = kg Area of face 1 = .. cm . cm = cm2 Area of face 2 = .. cm . cm = cm2 Area of face 3 = .. cm . cm = cm2 Effect of normal force on friction 10 Surfaces in contact: wood on wood Area of surface in contact A = .. cm2 Normal force R/N Wooden block only Wooden block with 100 g Wooden block with 200 g Wooden block with 300 g Wooden block with 400-g Wooden block with 500-g 11 Plot the graphs of `Ls against R' and `fk against R' on the same graph paper. Try to fit the Limiting static friction Ls / N trial 1 trial 2 trial 3 mean Kinetic friction fk / N trial 1 trial 2 trial 3

mean

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points by using straight lines passing through the origin. Then calculate the slopes of the straight lines. The former is called the coefficient of static friction s and the latter the coefficient of kinetic friction k.

Discuss the effect of normal force on friction.

Effect of materials on friction 12 Normal force R = N Area of surface in contact A = .. cm2

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Surfaces in contact Wood on wood Wood on glass Wood on plastic

Limiting static friction Ls / N trial 1 trial 2 trial 3 mean From above

trial 1

Kinetic friction fk / N trial 2 trial 3 mean From above

13

Calculate s (= Ls/R) and k (= fk/R) for the three pairs of surfaces: wood on wood, wood on glass, and wood on plastic. Discuss the effect of materials on friction.

Effect of area on friction 14 Surfaces in contact: wood on wood Normal force R = N Area in contact A / cm2 Limiting static friction Ls / N trial 1 trial 2 trial 3 mean From above Kinetic friction fk / N trial 2 trial 3 mean From above

trial 1

A-Level Practical Physics (Third Edition)

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15

Calculate s and k for the three faces of the wooden block. Discuss the effect of surface area on friction.

Discussion 16 What is/are the advantage(s) of pulling the wooden plank, instead of pulling the wooden block with the spring balance, in the measurement of Ls and fk? Discuss the physical meaning of the spring balances reading in each case.

17

In pushing a car (with the engine detached from the wheels), explain briefly why it is more difficult to start the motion, but once the car is moving, it is relatively easier to maintain its motion.

18

In the design of the braking system in bicycles, what parameter(s) should be maximized

A-Level Practical Physics (Third Edition)

Oxford University Press 2005

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to achieve a larger frictional force?

A-Level Practical Physics (Third Edition)

Oxford University Press 2005