Lines and Angles II

By Muralle Do you Know? This chapter continues from Form 1, Chapter 9. Will be tested only in Paper 1. Tested 2004 2008 except year 2007. The main concepts in Form 3 are parallel lines, transversals, corresponding angles, alternate angles and interior angles. Properties of angles associated with transversals and parallel lines 1. Transversal a line that intersect two or more parallel lines transversal A

AB is a transversal

B Corresponding angles - If a corresponding angle slid up (or down) at the same side of the transversal, then would find other corresponding angle. P a c e Corresponding angles = search for letter g

a = e c = g
When an F drawn on the diagram, the corresponding angles can be found in the "corners" of the F. The F may be backward and/or upside-down. A a d e h B D g f c b

A a d e h B g f c b

Example 1 In the diagram below find the value of y F x A B E 808 0 o 86 80 D G C Solution

= 86o x + FEB = 180o x + 86o = 180o x = 180o - 86o x = 94o

FEB = FDG (corresponding angle)

2. Alternate angles - Alternate angles are equal

a c d

Alternater angles = search for letter

a = d b = c

Alternate angles can be identified by the shape of the capital letter Z.

a d

b c

Example 2 Find the value of y A J C Solution AEC + 107o = 180o AEC = 180o - 107o AEC = 73o y = AEC (alternate angle) y = 71o 3. Interior angles - The sum of interior angles is 180 O 107o E y H F B G

a b

d c

Sum of interior angles = 180 (letter

Z )

d + c = 180 O

Interior angles can be identified by the shape of capital letter U

a b

d c

Interior angles are supplementary angles

Example 3 Find the value of z z 59o Solution z + 59o = 180o (sum of interior angles) z = 180o - 59o z = 121o Identifying parallel lines - Properties of the angles, produced by two straight lines cut by a transversal, can used to identify whether the lines are parallel or not.

Example 4 1. If AB is a straight line, determine whether line ST is parallel to XY a) S X

102o E

58o F

S b)

X 49o D

141o A T

C Y

Solution a)

SEB + 102o = 180o SEB = 180o - 102o SEB = 58o Given AFY = 58o SEB = AFY (alternate angle)

Therefore, line ST is parallel to XY b) = 180o ADX + 49o ADX = 180o - 49o ADX = 131o

Given ACS = 141o ADX ACS (corresponding angle must be equal) Therefore, line ST is not parallel to XY To master this chapter Do a lot of exercises. Understand the concept of lines, parallel lines and transversal. Test yourself

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1.

In the diagram, AB is a straight line. The value of x is A. 470 B. 940 C. 1330 D. 1370 2.

Find the value of y in diagram above. A. 1900 B. 2200 C. 2300 D. 2500 3.

Based on the diagram above, find the value of y - x? A. 440 B. 680 C. 1120 D. 1800 4.

In the diagram, BEA and GEF are straight lines. The value of y is A. 250 B. 650 C. 700 D. 1200 5.

Answers 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B