ABDOMINAL ORGANS

ORGANS Appendix

SIZE The appendix averages 11 cm in length but can range from 2 to 20 cm. The diameter of the appendix is usually between 7 and 8 mm. About 12 inches (30.5 cm) long and is 6 inches. (15.2

SHAPE Wormshaped

LOCATION Located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, near the right hip bone.,

FUNCTION May harbour and protect bacteria that are beneficial in the function of the human colon; rich in infectionfighting lymphoid cells, suggesting that it might play a role in the immune system It secretes proteindigesting enzymes and strong acids to aid in

Stomach

Saclike shape; Cshaped

Located between the esophagus and the small intestine

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

cm) wide at its widest point. Average length of the small intestine in an adult human male is 22 feet 6 inches (6.9 m), and in the adult female 23 feet 4 inches (7.1 m); approximately 2.5 3 cm in diameter. About 4.9 feet (1.5 m) long, which is about one-fifth of the whole length of the intestinal canal.

food digestion fan shape located in between the pyloric sphincter (that is part of the stomach) and the ileocecal valve (which is part of the large intestine) where the most extensive part of digestion occurs. Most food products are absorbed in the small intestine.

just a long intestine thats its just squashed in your lower body

Liver

Human liver normally weighs 1.44 1.66 kg (3.2 3.7 lb)

Unequal shape; triangle

Large intestine begins where the small intestine ends. It goes all the way, on the right side of the body, until the liver. It then traverses through the abdomen, and goes down to the anus where it ends. Located in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity, resting just below the diaphragm Sits just beneath the liver

Responsible for absorption of water and excretion of solid waste material

Gallbladder

Adult: 8 centimetres (3.1 in) in length and 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in diameter About 7 inches (17.8 cm) long and 1.5 inches. (3.8 cm) wide

Small pearshaped

Detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion Aids mainly in fat digestion and concentrates bile produced by the liver.

Pancreas

Coneshaped spongy organ

Lies in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium areas of the abdome

Secretes digestive enzymes (internal secretions) and hormones (external secretions); produces the body's most important enzymes, The enzymes are designed to digest foods and break down starches

BONES
Bones are calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. There are about 206 bones in your body. Bones contain more calcium than any other organ. A good source of calcium can be found in milk, yogurt, eggs, nuts and whole grains. Bones begin to develop before birth. When the skeleton first forms, it is made of flexible cartilage, but within a few weeks it begins the process of ossification. Ossification is a process where cartilage is replaced by hard deposits of calcium phosphate and stretchy collagen. It takes about 20 years for ossification to be completed. Bones are made of two types of tissue: 1. Spongy inner layer called cancellous bone. Spongy bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone. 2. Hard outer layer called cortical (compact) bone. Bones can be donated and transplanted. Function of bones The major functions of bones are: y provide a strong barrier that protects the inner organs y support your body against the constant pull of gravity y produce blood cells (the marrow inside of bones produce blood cells) y allow you to move TYPES y store important minerals There are five types of bones in the human body: long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid.


Long bones are characterized by a shaft, the diaphysis, that is much longer than it is wide. They are made up mostly of compact bone, with lesser amounts of marrow, located within the medullary cavity, and spongy bone. Most bones of the limbs, including those of the fingers and toes, are long bones. The exceptions are those of the wrist, ankle and kneecap.

Short bones are roughly cube-shaped, and have only a thin layer of compact bone surrounding a spongy interior. The bones of the wrist and ankle are short bones, as are the sesamoid bones.

Flat bones are thin and generally curved, with two parallel layers of compact bones sandwiching a layer of spongy bone. Most of the bones of the skull are flat bones, as is the sternum.

Irregular bones do not fit into the above categories. They consist of thin layers of compact bone surrounding a spongy interior. As implied by the name, their shapes are irregular and complicated. The bones of the spine and hips are irregular bones.

Sesamoid bones are bones embedded in tendons. Since they act to hold the tendon further away from the joint, the angle of the tendon is increased and thus the leverage of the muscle is increased. Examples of sesamoid bones are the patella and the pisiform.