International Transactions on Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vol. 1, No.

5, 2011

Square Pin Toothed Microstrip Patch Antenna for C, X and Ku band Applications
1

Keerthi Nutakki, *2B.T.P.Madhav, 3T.V.Ramakrishna, 4G. Manoj Kumar

Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, K L University, AP, India Assosiate Professor, Department of ECE, K L University, AP, India 3 Professor & Research Group Head, Department of ECE, K L University, AP, India 4 M.Tech project Student, Department of ECE, K L University, AP, India Email: madhav.mtech@gmail.com
2 1

Abstract
Microstrip Antennas are became the most fascinating field as per the applications are concerned for the researchers. All the portable communication devices are embedding these antennas due to their numerous advantages. The present work deals with the C, X and Ku band applications oriented microstrip patch antenna with square pin toothed patch. Due to its compactness in size and ease of fabrication with excellent output parameters performance, this design will get good response in the future. In this paper we presented all the antenna parameters with respect to their output results. The performance characteristics of the antenna is analyzed and antenna additional parameters and maximum field data is presented in this current work.

Keywords: Square Pin toothed MSPA, C-band, X-band, Ku-band, Portable communication devices. 1. Introduction:
The increasing use of broadband satellite systems to provide ubiquitous and high-capacity communications-on-themove draws a demand for lightweight, low-profile steerable-beam antennas with a small footprint that can be installed unobtrusively on vehicles and small aircraft [1-4]. Moreover the antenna has to provide a high isolation between transmit and receive bands to allow both functions simultaneously and without interferences [5-6]. Microstrip patch antenna is widely considered to be suitable for many applications, even though it usually has a narrow bandwidth. To meet the above requirements, two individually challenging modifications may have to be combined to design a microstrip antenna with dual-frequency characteristics and wideband operation. Several broad banding techniques for microstrip antennas are widely known, prominent among them are the use of stacked patches or use of parasitic patches [7-8]. The stacked patch antennas have multilayer structure consisting of several parasitic radiating elements placed one above the other and above the driven element. However this approach has the inherent disadvantage of increased overall thickness and issues related to aligning various layers precisely. The second approach uses patch antenna closely surrounded by parasitic patches [9-10]. The structure looks like a coplanar parasitic sub array. This approach, although thin, the antenna occupies considerable lateral area. A square pin toothed patch antenna is designed and simulated at center frequency of 10 GHz. Figure (1) shows the square pin toothed patch antenna for satellite applications.

Figure (1) Square pin toothed patch antenna

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International Transactions on Electrical, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vol. 1, No.5, 2011

2. Results and Analysis:

Ansoft Corporation Name X
0.00 m1 m2 m3 m4 -5.00
7.6131 11.6332 13.9447 14.7487 Y -16.4024 -28.3262 -15.3159 -17.5726

Return Loss

Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
Curve Info dB(St(1,1)) Setup1 : Sw eep1

-10.00

dB(St(1,1))

-15.00
m1

m3 m4

-20.00

-25.00
Name d( m1,m2) -30.00 d( m3,m4) 5.00 Delta(X) 4.0201 0.8040 Delta(Y) -11.9237 -2.2567 Slope(Y) -2.9660 -2.8068 InvSlope(Y) -0.3372 -0.3563

m2

7.50

10.00 Freq [GHz]

12.50

15.00

Figure (2) Return loss Vs Frequency Two measures of stating the impedance matching are commonly used, both of which are based on the reflection coefficient, which is a measure of how much energy is reflected back into the source from the antennas terminals. The first measure shows the reflection coefficient on a logarithmic scale as |S11|. Common definitions require that |S11| be below the -10 dB line to declare an acceptable impedance match. Figure (2) shows the return loss curve for the H-Shaped antenna on RT-Duroid substrate material. Results showing that the antenna is resonating at four frequencies. At 7.6 GHz, 11.6 GHz, 13.94 GHz and 14.74 GHz the return loss values of -16.40dB, -28.32dB, 15.31dB and -17.57dB is getting from the current design.
Ansoft Corporation

Input Impedance
110 120 130 140 150 160 0.20 170 0.20 -0.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 2.00 5.00 0.50 100 90 1.00
Curve Info bandw idth(1, 0) 7.0172 St(1,1)) 70 Setup1 : Sw eep1

Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
gainmargin(1, 0) 15.9818 phasemargin(1, 0) 257.4959

80

60 2.00 50 40 30 5.00 20 10

180

-170 -160 -0.20 -150 -140 -130 -0.50 -120 -110 -100 -1.00 -90 -80 -70 -2.00 -60 -50 -40

-10 -5.00 -20 -30

Figure (3) Input Impedance smith chart The bandwidth of an antenna refers to the range of frequencies within which the performance of the antenna, with respect to some characteristic, conforms to a specified standard. The most common usage of bandwidth is in the sense of impedance bandwidth, which refers to those frequencies over which an antenna may operate. Figure (3) shows the input impedance smith chart and from which bandwidth of 0.91% is attained.
Ansoft Corporation Name X
10.00 m1
-40.0000 Y 7.5993 m1

ff_2D_GainTotal

Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive dB(GainTotal)_1 Setup1 : LastAdaptive

5.00

-0.00

-5.00

-10.00

Y1
-15.00 -20.00 -25.00 -30.00 -35.00 -200.00

-150.00

-100.00

-50.00

0.00 Theta [deg]

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

Figure (4) 2D-Gain

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Antenna gain is often related to the gain of an isotropic radiator, resulting in units dBi. Antenna gain may be viewed with the aid of a radiation pattern. The gain of the proposed antenna obtained is 7.5dBi. The gain can be further increased by using array of Square pin patches linearly on the substrate material.
Ansoft Corporation

Radiation Pattern 1
0 -30 -14.00 30

Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
Curve Info dB(rEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(rEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='5deg' dB(rEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='10deg' dB(rEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='15deg'

-28.00 -60 -42.00 60

-56.00

-90

90

dB(rEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='20deg' dB(rEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='25deg'

-120

120

dB(rEPhi) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='30deg'

-150 -180

150

Figure (5) Radiation Pattern in Phi direction

Ansoft Corporation

Radiation Pattern 2
0 -30 -12.00 30

Patch_Antenna_ADKv1
Curve Info dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='5deg' dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='10deg' dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='15deg'

-24.00 -60 -36.00 60

-48.00

-90

90

dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='20deg' dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='25deg'

-120

120

dB(rETheta) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='30deg'

-150 -180

150

Figure (6) Radiation Pattern in theta direction

Figure (7) Axial ratio The radiation pattern of the antenna can be defined as the spatial distribution of a quantity that characterizes the electromagnetic field generated by an antenna. Figure (5) and (6) shows the radiation pattern of the antenna in phi and theta directions. The polar plots represent the radiation pattern in elevation and azimuthal angles. The radiation pattern represents the energy radiated from the antenna in each direction, often pictorially.

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Figure (8) and (9) shows the E-Field and H-Field Distribution plots. Mesh generation is the practice of generating a polygonal or polyhedral mesh that approximates a geometric domain to the highest possible degree of accuracy. The term "grid generation" is often used interchangeably. Typical uses are for rendering to a computer screen or for physical simulation such as finite element analysis or computational fluid dynamics. The triangulated zones in the mesh shown in figure (10) indicate the points in the grid where the current distributed is concentrated. The current distribution along the substrate and the patch is given in the figure (10). The triangular zones at patch are having higher concentration over the zones on the substrate, which indicates the amount of current distribution and concentration on the surface of the antenna.

Figure (8) E-Field Distribution

Figure (9) H-Field Distribution

Figure (10) Current Distribution The axial ratio of an elliptically polarized wave is defined as axial ratio=B/A. Pure circular polarization occurs if the axial ratio is equal to unity. The axial ratio is therefore a parameter which measures the purity of the circularly polarized wave. Perfect circular polarization may be produced by an antenna only at a particular frequency f o. The

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axial ratio will be larger than unity when the frequency deviates from fo. Figure (7) shows the axial ratio of the proposed antenna. Table (1) shows the antenna parameters and maximum field data. The radiation efficiency of 0.98 is obtained from the current design.

Table (1) Antenna parameters and Maximum field data

3. Conclusion:
Square pin patch microstrip patch antenna for C, X and Ku-band applications is designed and analyzed the results. This antenna is giving gain of 7.5 dB and bandwidth enhancement of 0.91%. The current antenna is resonating at four frequencies which fall under three bands of microwave communication. All the antenna parameters are showing good agreement with the expected results and giving confidence that this antenna can be used for the desired operation. The peak realized gain of 5.78 dB and radiated power of 0.00084 w is attaining from the current design.

4. Acknowledgments:
The authors like to express their thanks to the department of ECE and EEE of K L University for their support and encouragement during this work. Further Madhav like to express his gratitude towards Head of the ECE department and research director Prof. VGKM Pisipati.

5. References:
[1] Stefano Vaccaro, Ferdinando Tiezzi, Daniel Llorens, Manuel Fajardo, Cesar Dominguez, Ku-Band low profile antennas for mobile satcom, Proceedings of Advanced Satellite Mobile System Conference ASMS 2008, Bologna , 26-28 August 2008. [2] K. L. Wong, Design of Nonplanar Microstrip Antennas and Transmission Lines, Wiley, New York, 1999. [3] R. Waterhouse, Small microstrip patch antenna, Electron. Lett. 31, 604605, April 13, 1995.

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[4] S. Dey and R. Mittra, Compact microstrip patch antenna, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett.13, 1214, Sept. 1996. [5] G. S. Row, S. H. Yeh, and K. L. Wong, Compact dual-polarized microstrip antennas, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 27, 284287, Nov. 20, 2000. [6] J. S. Kuo and K. L. Wong, Dual-frequency operation of a planar inverted L antenna with tapered patch width, Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 28, 126127, Jan. 20, 2001. [7] C. Y. Huang, J. Y. Wu, C. F. Yang, and K. L. Wong, Gain-enhanced compact broadband microstrip antenna, Electron. Lett. 34, 138139, Jan. 22, 1998. [8] Abbaspour,M. and H. R. Hassani, Wideband star-sharped microstrip patch antenna,"Progress In Electromagnetic Research Letters, Vol. 1, 61{68, 2008. [9] A.Shackelford, K. F. Lee, D. Chatterjee, Y. X. Guo, K. M. Luk, and R. Chair,Small size wide bandwidth microstrip patch antennas, in IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, vol. 1, (Boston, Massachusetts), pp. 8689,IEEE, July 2001. [10] S. C. Gao, L. W. Li, M. S. Leong, and T. S. Yeo, Design and analysis of a novel wideband microstrip antenna, in IEEE Antennas and Propagation International Symposium,vol. 1, (Boston, Massachusetts), pp. 9093, IEEE, July 2001.

Authors Profile

B.T.P.Madhav was born in India, A.P, in 1981. He received the B.Sc, M.Sc, MBA, M.Tech degrees from Nagarjuna University, A.P, India in 2001, 2003, 2007, and 2009 respectively. From 2003-2007 he worked as lecturer and from 2007 to till date he is working as Assistant Professor in Electronics Engineering. He has published more than 70 papers in International and National journals. His research interests include antennas, liquid crystals applications and wireless communications.

Keerthi Nutakki completed her UG in RVR&JC COLLEGE OF ENGG,PG at JNTU ANANTAPUR in (Digital Electronics &Communication Systems). Presently she is working as assistant professor in the department of Electrical engineering at KLUNIVERSITY. Her topics of interest in research area include Electromagnetic field theory, antennas and communication systems.

Dr .T.V Rama Krishna was born in India, A.P, in 1972. He received the Ph.D degree from JNTU, Kakinada in 2011.He has published more than 6 papers in International journals. His research interests include antennas.

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