Chapter 1: The Foundations of History Why Study History?

Marvin Perry to learn about our past to understand the present to appreciate our heritage in a broad perspective to acquire a background in critical thinking

historic past period where events are recorded through written documents

What are historical Facts? is not the past event, but a symbol, which enables us to recreate the event imaginatively Where are historical fact? is in the mind, in someone elses mind or they are nowhere When are historical facts? if a historical fact is present imaginatively in someones mind, then it is now a part of the present. Important implications of history having an intangible world, recreated imaginatively and present in our minds there is no possibility that historian can present historys entirety any actual event, even the simplest The history of any is never precisely the same thing for two different persons. no one can profit by historical research or not much unless he does some for himself every normal people know some history The most influential history is the history common men carry around in their heads.

The Meaning of History yesterday of mankind record of the past the story of all Filipinos Historical forces 1. Geography the influence of the environment 2. economy the kind of living they had 3. politics how they governed themselves 4. education how science, invention and research played an important part in their lives 5. religion how religion influenced the lives of men 6. humanities how the arts reflected the people who created them 7. wars how men seek peaceful solutions to their conflicts 8. civilization what led to their rise, fall and decline

History defined a scientific discipline which deals with the study of significant events in the past to order to ascertain the truth two types of historical epoch prehistoric past time before man invented writing. rely on physical evidences like skeletal remains, fossils and artifacts to ascertain what really transpired during this period

How is History Made? testimony written account of the event historical propositions - the details, the narrative depicting a blow by blow account of the event historical knowledge the body of historical facts when taken together as one historical truth historical knowledge whose integrity and veracity was not questioned

Sources of Historical data

written sources everything that is written orally transmitted materials unwritten and passed on thru word of mouth artistic production paintings, portrait, vases and the likes electronic data films, docus, radios, tv computer data and others relics and remains fossils, artifacts,bones, vases, potteries, traditions and the likes.

Chapter 2: Land and the People Philippine Geography located in the southeastern portion of Asia an archipelago of 7107 islands and islets total area of almost 300,000 square kms divided into three geographical groups: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao Ten largest islands: Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Negros, Samar, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu and Bohol northernmost point of the country YAmi Isle which is 78 miles from Taiwan southernmost point of the country Saluag Isle 34 miles from east of Borneo the country is divided into 17 regions: Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, CALABARZON (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon), MIMAROPA (Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan), Bicol, Western Visayas, Central Visayas, Eastern Visayas, Western Mindanao, Northern Mindanao, Southern Mindanao, Central Mindanao, Caraga Administrative Region, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao, Cordillera Autonomous Region, and National Capital Region as of 2006 80 provinces latest addition is Saranggani, 117 cities, 17 of which is from Metro Manila

Causative interpretation of History Greek and Romans historical events are determined by fate and destiny The Christian view of history all histories will lead to the universality of a true religion Voltaire does not believe in the existence of a divine creature, history is the result of chance and fortuity Hegel materialist conception of history Darwinian Theory of evolution survival of the fittest; The Marxian Philosophy actions and events in history may be attributed to economic motives rhythm-philosophy history is a series of pulsations, the swing and counterswing of the pendulum.

History and Changes without any changes there would be no history, for something that is inert, dormant, and dead cannot produce history two types of changes: (1) quantitative change can be easily measured or counted ; growth (2) qualitative change refer to the modification of the intrinsic value of a thing ; development Growth and development when combined form progress.

Origin of the Philippines the country was once part of the lost Pacific continent Lemuria or Mu which sank during the pre historic times Land Bridge theory Philippines was connected to mainland Asia but when the ice melted and water risen and submerged the bridge thus Philippines was disconnected from Asia

Dr. Fritjof Voss the country was a result of earthquakes due to the moving of tectonic plates underneath Dr. Bailey Willis Philippines was of volcanic origin stating that it came to existence from a series of volcanic eruptions beneath the ocean

Mountain Ranges the largest mountain ranges are in Luzon Longest continuous mountain range Sierra Madre (east of Luzon) Caraballo mountains in the west Mount Apo highest peak in the Philippines, located in Mindanao, measuring up to 9690 feet.

Central Plains/Tagalog Belt strict code of ethics, intense pride, enjoys finer things in life since they are close to the urban areas. Lyrical, excels in music and have strong home ties Bicolanos- even-tempered, religious and love spicy foods Visayans happy go lucky, spendthrift, adventurous, self reliant and have a passion for music Muslims fiercest lover of freedom, man of honor, bestfriend, worst enemy, proud of their culture and fought courageously

Hospitable, Gentle and Peaceful People we are naturally inclined to be helpful and condescending towards foreigners we as hosts, offer even our own bed to our visitors. Filipinos are very loyal can cope up with hardships thrown his way have close family ties

Rivers and Bodies of Water longest river Cagayan Valley River largest one Mindanao river in Mindanao

Character Traits of Filipinos values customs, usages, traditions, and others, which people regard as necessary and important in their dealings with one another Pakikisama sense of togetherness and comradeship. does not mean doing something crook or dishonest to look good to others Utang na loob or debt of gratitude pay or recognize past favors done hiya or sense of shame

Division of Filipinos based on distinctive characteristics Ilocano thrifty, prudent, takes life seriously, hesitant and timid