Light Reflection and Refraction M.C.

Q Questions: 1) To form a real image,the mirror required is:

a) convex

b) concave c) both convex and concave d) cannot say 2) To obtain magnified,inverted image in a concave mirror,object should be held: a) at pole b) at focus c) beyond 2f d) between f and 2f 3) Which mirror cannot form a magnified image? a) convex b) concave c) both convex and concave d) cannot say 4) Linear magnification of a convex mirror is always: a) equal to 1 b) less than 1 c) more than 1 d) infinity 5) The mirror used by dental surgeon is: a) plane b) convex c) concave d) any one of the above

6)

7)

Light travels fastest in: a) vaccum b) air c) glass d) diamond The refractive index of diamond is:

8)
a) b) c) d)

9)

10)
is:

a) 1.5 b) 1.33 c) 2.42 d) 1.8 The angle of incidence of a ray passing through centre of curvature of a spherical mirror is: 0 degree 90 degree 45 degree 180 degree Focal length of lens depends upon: a) object distance b) image distance c) nature of material d) none of these Power of a convex lens of focal length 50 cm a) -2d b) -d c) 2d d) d

answers:
1)b 2)d 3)a 4)b 5)c 6)a 7)c 8)a 9)c 10)c

1 MARK QUESTIONS:

1)
Ans:

What are the properties of image formed by a plane mirror ? The image formed is always virtual and erect. Why convex mirror is used as rear view mirror?

2)
Ans:

Image formed is erect. Wider field of view, which enables the driver to view much larger area than could be possible with a plane mirror. Give mirror and lens formula. Mirror formula:

3)
Ans:

1 F
Lens formula:

1 V 1 V

+ 1 U _ 1 U

1 F

4)
Ans:

Give one use of concave and convex mirror. Concave mirror is used in solar furnaces. Convex mirror is used for side view in vehicles.

5)
Ans:

What is relation between focus and radius of curvature? 2F = R What is magnification? It is the relative extend to which the size of the image can be seen with respect to the object

6)
Ans:

size. It is represented by m. m = height of the image (h) height of the object (h) m = h h or m = -v u

7)
is Ans: image image image

The magnification produced by a plane mirror + 1. What does this mean? This means that the ratio of height of the to the ratio of height of the object is 1. i.e height and object height are same and the formed is virtual and erect.

8)
Ans:

What do you mean by refractive index?

It is defined as the ratio of speed of light in air or vaccum to the speed of light in any medium.

9)
is

The refractive index of diamond is 2.42.What

the meaning of this statement? Ans : The refractive index of diamond is 2.42, this means that the speed of light in diamond is :

C = speed of light in air or vaccum.

10)
Ans:

you are given alcohol, glass , diamond and ice. In which of these does the light travels faster? n for alcohol n for glass n for diamond n for ice = 1.36 = 1.5 = 2.42 = 1.31

Therefore, light travels fastest in ice.

11)
Ans:

Name and draw the mirror which gives virtual and enlarged image behind it. Concave mirror gives virtual and enlarged image behind it.

Concave mirror

12)
Ans:

What is the speed of light in air or vaccum? In air light travels at the speed of:

13)
Ans:

Which lens is known as converging lens and Which lens is known as diverging? Convex lens is known as converging and Concave lens is known as diverging lens. Define power of a lens. The degree of convergence or divergence of rays achieved by a lens is expressed in terms its power. What is the relation between power of lens the focal length ? Power is denoted by P and it is defined as reciprocal of focal length.

14)
Ans: light of

15)
and Ans: the

2 MARKS QUESTIONS: 1)
Ans: Angle of incidence is equal to the Angle of reflection. i.e= i= r. State the laws of reflection.

The incident ray,the normal to the mirror at the in point of incidence and the reflected ray all lie the same plane.

2)
Ans:

State any two rules for drawing the ray Diagrams. Any ray passing parallel to principal axis after Reflection passes through the focus and vice versa.

Any ray passing through centre of curvature after reflection retraces the same path.

3)
Ans:

State the laws of refraction. The incident ray ,the reflected ray and the normal to the interface of two transparent media at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant. If i is the angle of incidence and r is the Angle of refraction. Then, Sin i / Sin r = constant.

Light enters from air to water having refractive Index 1.33.what is the speed of light in water? Ans: n for water =1.33 v= ? n=c/v v=c/n = 3* 3/2

4)

v=2*

5)

Name the type of mirror used in the following situations : Side view mirror of a car - ------convex

Headlights of a vehicle CONCAVE Solar furnace CONCAVE CONVEX Reflecting surface of a bell

6)
front of

An object 3 cm high is placed 20 cm in a Concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. Calculate the position and size of the image.

Ans:

h = 3 cm u = -20 cm f = -15 cm Position :

1 V

1 F

-- 1 U

1/v = 1/-15 -- (1/-20) 1/v = 1/-15 + 1/20

1/v = 1/v =

-4 +3 60

-1
60

V
Size :

-60 cm

m = h = -v h u h = -v * h u h = -(-60) * 3 -20 h = 60 * 3 -20 h = 3 * 3 -1

h = 7)
Ans:

-9 cm

Give any two properties of convex lens and Concave lens. Convex lens : In this lens real image is obtained. It is also known as converging lens.

Concave lens : In this lens virtual image is obtained. It is also known as diverging lens.

3 MARKS QUESTIONS: 1)
Ans: It undergoes reflection and refraction. It doesnt need medium for propagation. It is an electromagnetic wave and can be polarised. 2) State New Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors. Ans: mirror falls The object is always placed to the left of This implies that the light from the object on the mirror from the left hand side. All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured from the pole of the mirror. All distances measured to the right of the origin (along + x-axis) are taken as positive Give any three properties of light.

while those measured to the left of the origin (along x-axis) are taken as negative. Distance measured perpendicular to and above the principal axis (along + y-axis) are taken as positive. Distance measured perpendicular to and below to the principal axis (along y-axis) are taken as negative.

3)
Ans:

Show refraction through a glass slab. Write the formula for refractive index.

Observation: Angle of incidence is always equal to Angle of Emergence. i.e = i= e.

Formula for refractive index : n = Speed of light in vaccum/air. Speed of light in a medium. n = c/v.

4)
of

An object 5 cm in length is placed at a distance 20 cm in front of a convex mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm Find the position of the image, its nature and size. h = 5 cm u = -20 cm R= 2f =30 cm f = 15 cm v= ? Position:

Ans:

1 V

1 F

-- 1 U

1/v = 1/15 1/-20 1/v = 1/15 + 1/-20 1/v = 4+3 60 1 V = 7 60 60 7

V =

8.6 cm.

Size:

h h h = =

-v*h

u
-8.6 *5 -20 4.3 2

h
Nature:

2.15 cm.

Image is virtual and erect.

5)
cm Find

An object of 5 cm is placed at a distance of 10 from a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm.

the position, nature, and size of the image formed. Ans: u = -10 cm f = -15 cm v= ?

Position:

1 V
1/v

1 F

-U

1/-15 1/-10

1/v 1/v

= =

1/v =

1/-15 + 1/10 -2 + 3 30 30

V
Size: h h h

=
= = =

30 cm
h* -v u 5* -30 -10 5* 3

h
Nature: enlarged.

15 cm

Image is virtual, erect and highly

6)

An object of 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram and find the position, size, and nature of the image formed.

Ans: h = 5 cm u = -25 cm f = 10 cm Position: v= ?

1 F

1 V

-- 1 U

1/v = 1/f + 1/u 1/v = 1/10 + 1/-25 1/v = 5 - 2 50 1/v = 3_ 50 V = 50_ 3

V
Size:

=
h h h h h

16.6 cm
= u = v*h u = 16.6*5 -25 = 16.6*1 -5 v

h
Nature: diminished.

-3.32 cm

Image is real, inverted, and

Ray diagram:

7)
object Ans:

A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the placed from the lens ?

f = -15 cm v = -10 cm u= ? Position:

1 F

1 V

-- 1 U

1/u = 1/v 1/f 1/u = 1/-10 (1/-15) 1/u = 1/-10 + 1/15 1/u = -3+2 30 1/u = -1/30 U = -30 cm

Ray diagram:

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The Human Eye and The Colourful World m.c.q questions: 1) The size of the pupil of the eye is adjusted by:
a) cornea b) retina

2)

3)

4)

5)

c) iris d) yellow point Which cells respond to colour of light: a) rod shaped cells b) cone shaped cells c) both type of cells d) neither of two Eye lens is a: a) double convex lens b) double concave lens c) plano convex lens d) plano concave lens Far point of normal human eye is: a) 25 cm b) 25 m c) 500m d) infinity Near point of normal human eye is: a) 25 cm b) 25 m c) 500m d) infinity A concave lens of suitable focal length is used correcting a: myopic eye hypermetropic eye both (a) and (b) neither (a) nor(b) White light is made up of: a) seven colours b) six colours

6)
for a) b) c)
d)

7)

8)

9)

10)

c) all colours d) no colours For which colour,refractive index of glass is maximum? a) red b) violet c) green d) yellow Which colour suffers least deviation on passing through a prism? a) red b) violet c) indigo d) blue Twinkling of stars is due to: a) reflection b) dispersion c) atmospheric refraction d) none of the above

answers:
1)c 2)b 3)a 4)d 5)a 6)a 7)a 8)b 9)a 10)c

1 MARK QUESTIONS: 1)
Ans: Property of persistence of vision is used in Cinematography. Which phenomenon of vision is used in cinema-tography ?

2)
is Ans:

What type of cells are lacking in a person who color blind

Cone shaped cells are lacking.

3)
Ans:

How is the vision of a person having cataract restored ? It is restored by cataract surgery.

4)
Ans:

What is meant by scattering of light

It is the phenomenon of change in the direction of light on striking a scatterer. Whats the basic cause of atmospheric refraction? Ans: The basic cause of atmospheric refraction is variation in optical density of different layers of earths atmosphere.

5)

2 MARKS QUESTIONS:
1)

How do we see colours

Ans:

The retina of our eye contains numerous cells, which are light sensitive. These cells are of two types :rod shaped cells respond to brightness of light and cone shaped cells respond to colour of light. When light falls on the retina, these cells get brain this Thus activated. They send electrical signals to the through the optic nerve. The brain processes information and we see objects as they are.

colours are seen due to activation of cone shaped cells.

2)
Ans:

Why do different colours deviate through different angles on passing through a prism ? This is because different colours travel through glass with different speeds, and glass has different refractive index for different colours.

A person cannot see the objects distinctly,when placed at a distance less than 100cm.What is the power of the spectacles that be should use to see clearly the objects placed at 25cm ? Ans: Distance of the near point, x = 100 cm.

3)

Distance of the object,

d = 25 cm. P= ? F= ?

As,

f = x*d x-d f =

100*25 100 -25 100

f

100 3

As,

P =

P =

100
100/3

The corrective lens is convex.

p =

3D

4)
Ans:

The far point of a myopic person is is at 50 cm. Calculate the power of the lens to correct the vision. And find which type of lens it is ? Distance of far point x = 50 cm. P = ? As, f = -x so, f = -50 cm. As, P = 100 F so, P = 100

-50
The lens used is concave.

P =

- 2D

3 MARKS QUESTIONS: 1)
Ans: Draw neat and labeled diagram of the human eye.

2)
Ans:

Why do stars twinkle and planet do not

The stars twinkle at night because the star light

reaching our eyes increases and decreases continiously due to atmospheric refraction. is The stars become bright and dim again and again, this known as twinkling of stars. Light from a star travels first in vaccum,and then enters into earths atmosphere,as optical density of air increases towards the surface of earth, therefore,light from the star travels from rarer to denser layers ,bending every time towards normal. On the contrary,planets appear bigger than the stars as planets are close to earth compared to the stars.A planet can be considered to be made up of a number of point sources of light.Due to atmospheric refraction, when some of the point sources look brighter ,others appear dimmer. Therefore, on the whole over all brightness of a planet remains the same always.Hence the planets do not appear to twinkle.

3)
Ans:

Explain the scattering of light.

Scattering of light is the phenomenon of change in the direction of light on striking an obstacle like an atom, a molecule, dust particle,water droplet etc.The scattering involves bouncing off electromagnetic radiation by atoms/ molecule of the medium through which they are

traveling.Thus, light rays go helter-skelter on striking obstacles in their path.

Most of the beautiful phenomena like blue colour of a and of sky,white colour of clouds,red hues of sunrise sunset have been explained in terms of scattering the light.

As the sunlight travels through the atmosphere of earth it gets scattered from the large number of atoms/ molecules present in the atmosphere.Lord Rayleigh studied this elastic scattering. He established the intensity of the scattered light varies Inversely as the fourth power of the wavelength of incident Light, i.e.,

Another important factor in scattering of light is relative size of the scatterer (say x) compared to the wave length . For x<< ,i.e.,when size of scatterer is much less than

the

wavelength of light,Rayleigh scattering is valid.However, the when x>> ,i.e.,size of scatterer is much larger than

wavelength of light,Rayleigh scattering is not valid.In that event,all wavelengths are scattered nearly equally. These conclusions regarding Rayleigh elastic scattering have been verified experimentally by Tyndall.

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