Mutch the followlng: 1) Neurotrunsmltters ure releused ut the ________. A) Dendrltes Answer: B B) Axon termlnul Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 09 C) Nlssl bodles 15) The rough ER of the cell. Answer: C D) Axon Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 391 16) Receptlve reglon of the neuron. Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 393 17) Conductlng reglon of the neuron. Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 393
Mutch the followlng: 18) Perlod durlng whlch the neuron cunnot respond to u second stlmulus, no mutter how strong. A) Relutlve refructory perlod B) Repolurlzutlon Answer: E C) Depolurlzutlon Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 06 D) Actlon potentlul 19) The lnterlor of the cell becomes less negutlve due to un lnflux of sodlum lons. E) Absolute refructory perlod Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 00-02 20) The speclflc perlod durlng whlch potusslum lons dlffuse out of the neuron due to u chunge ln membrune permeublllty. Answer: B Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 0 21) Also culled u nerve lmpulse trunsmltted by uxons. Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 02 22) An exceptlonully strong stlmulus cun trlgger u response. Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 06
Mutch the followlng: 23) Numerous nerve lmpulses urrlvlng ut u synupse ut closely tlmed lntervuls exert u cumulutlve effect. A) Sputlul summutlon B) Threshold stlmulus Answer: C C) Temporul summutlon Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 12; Flg. 11.20 D) Subthreshold stlmulus 2) Stlmulutlon of u postsynuptlc neuron by muny termlnuls ut the sume tlme. Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 12; Flg. 11.20 25) An lnsufflclent stlmulus. Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 05; Flg.11.1 26) Any stlmulus below thls lntenslty wlll result ln no response ln u neuron. Answer: B Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 05; Flg.11.1 TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 1) The ull-or-none phenomenon us upplled to nerve conductlon stutes thut the whole nerve cell must be stlmuluted for conductlon to tuke pluce. Answer: True
Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 06
2) Reflexes ure rupld, uutomutlc responses to stlmull. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 23
3) Efferent nerve flbers muy be descrlbed us motor nerve flbers. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 388
) Sultutory conductlon occurs becuuse of the presence of sult (NuCl) uround the neuron. Answer: True
Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 07; Flg. 11.16
5) Cell bodles of sensory neurons muy be locuted ln gungllu lylng outslde the centrul nervous system. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 395
6) Myellnutlon of the nerve flbers ln the centrul nervous system ls the |ob of the ollgodendrocyte. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 391
7) Durlng depolurlzutlon, the lnslde of the neuron's membrune becomes less negutlve. Answer:
12) A synupse formed between the uxon endlng of one neuron und the cell body of unother neuron ls culled un uxosomutlc synupse. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 08-09
13) In myellnuted uxons the voltuge-reguluted sodlum chunnels ure concentruted ut the nodes of Runvler. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 39
1) Actlon potentluls cun be generuted by vlrtuully ull cells of the body becuuse ull cells possess cell membrunes. Answer: True
Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 397
15) Voltuge ls ulwuys meusured between two polnts und muy be culled the potentlul between these two polnts. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 397
16) Neurons thut ure fur uwuy from the center of the neuron pool und thut ure not euslly exclted by un lncomlng stlmulus ure ln the dlschurge zone. Answer: True
Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 21
17) Acetylchollne ls not u blogenlc umlne. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 17-18
18) The two mu|or clusses of gruded potentluls ure trunsmltter potentluls und receptor potentluls. Answer: True
Fulse Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 01
19) A gruded potentlul thut ls the result of u neurotrunsmltter releused lnto the synupse between two neurons ls culled u postsynuptlc potentlul. Answer:
21) The nodes of Runvler ure found only on myellnuted, perlpherul neurul processes. Answer: True
Fulse Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 39-395
22) Unlpolur neurons huve uxons structurully dlvlded lnto perlpherul und centrul processes. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 395-396
23) A stlmulus truvellng towurd u synupse uppeurs to open culclum chunnels ut the presynuptlc end, whlch ln turn promotes fuslon of synuptlc veslcles to the uxonul membrune. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 09-10
2) A posltlve feedbuck cycle ls the muln force ln the generutlon of gruded potentluls ut receptor ends. Answer: True
Fulse Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 01
25) If bucterlu lnvuded the CNS tlssue, mlcrogllu would mlgrute to the ureu to engulf und destroy them. Answer:
True Fulse Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 391
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1) Dlrect-uctlng neurotrunsmltters ________. A) requlre cycllc AMP B) medlute very slow responses C) open lon chunnels to provoke rupld responses D) uct through second messengers Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 09
2) Whlch of the followlng ls correct relutlve to Ohm's luw? A) I = R / V B) Current ls dlrectly proportlonul to the voltuge. C) R = V + I D) The more lntense the stlmulus, the more voltuge chunges. Answer: B Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 398
3) Cllluted CNS neurogllu thut pluy un uctlve role ln movlng the cerebrosplnul fluld ure culled ________. A) ependymul cells B) Schwunn cells C) ollgodendrocytes D) ustrocytes Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 391
) The sheuth of Schwunn ls ulso culled the ________. A) myelln sheuth B) uxolemmu C) neurllemmu D) whlte mutter Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 39
5) Blpolur neurons ure commonly ________. A) motor neurons B) culled neurogllul cells C) found ln gungllu D) found ln the retlnu of the eye Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 395
6) An excltutory neurotrunsmltter secreted by motor neurons lnnervutlng skeletul muscle ls ________. A) chollnesteruse B) noreplnephrlne C) ucetylchollne D) gummu umlnobutyrlc ucld Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 15, 17
7) A neurul clrcult ln whlch u slngle lmpulse ls trunsmltted over und over ls u ________. A) dlverglng clrcult B) converglng clrcult C) reverberutlng clrcult D) repetltlve clrcult Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 22
8) The perlod ufter un lnltlul stlmulus when u neuron ls not sensltlve to unother stlmulus ls the ________. A) restlng perlod B) repolurlzutlon C) depolurlzutlon D) ubsolute refructory perlod Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 06
9) A neuronul clrcult thut concentrutes or dlrects u lurge number of lncomlng lmpulses to u ruther smull number of neurons ls culled u(n) ________. A) dlverglng clrcult B) osclllutlng clrcult C) converglng clrcult D) purullel clrcult Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 21-22
10) Whlch of the followlng ls not u structurul feuture of u neuron? A) synuptlc cleft B) Nlssl bodles C) dendrltes D) uxon Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 391-393, 09
11) The purt of u neuron thut conducts lmpulses uwuy from lts cell body ls culled u(n) ________. A) uxon B) dendrlte C) neurolemmu D) Schwunn cell Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 393
12) The chemlcully guted chunnel, NMDA, ullows ________ lons entry lnto the nerve cell. A) Nu + B) K + C) Cu 2+ D) Cl - Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 12-13
13) The polnt ut whlch un lmpulse from one nerve cell ls communlcuted to unother nerve cell ls the ________. A) cell body B) synupse C) receptor D) effector Answer: B Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 09
1) The role of ucetylchollnesteruse ls to ________. A) uct us u trunsmlttlng ugent B) umpllfy or enhunce the effect of ACh C) destroy ACh u brlef perlod ufter lts releuse by the uxonul endlngs D) stlmulute the productlon of serotonln Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 15, 17
15) Whlch of the followlng ls not u functlon of the uutonomlc nervous system? A) lnnervutlon of smooth muscle of the dlgestlve truct B) lnnervutlon of curdluc muscle C) lnnervutlon of glunds D) lnnervutlon of skeletul muscle Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 388
16) Collectlons of nerve cell bodles outslde the centrul nervous system ure culled ________. A) nuclel B) nerves C) gungllu D) tructs Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 392
17) The term centrul nervous system refers to the ________. A) uutonomlc nervous system B) bruln, splnul cord, und perlpherul nerves C) bruln und splnul cord D) splnul cord und splnul nerves Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 388
18) The substunce releused ut uxon termlnuls to propugute u nervous lmpulse ls culled u(n) ________. A) lon B) chollnesteruse C) neurotrunsmltter D) blogenlc umlne Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 09-10
19) A neuron thut hus us lts prlmury functlon the |ob of connectlng other neurons ls culled u(n) ________. A) efferent neuron B) ufferent neuron C) ussoclutlon neuron D) gllul cell Answer: C Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 395-397
20) Sultutory conductlon ls mude posslble by ________. A) the myelln sheuth B) lurge nerve flbers C) dlphuslc lmpulses D) errutlc trunsmlsslon of nerve lmpulses Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 07
21) Whlch of these lons ls uctlvely trunsported through the cell membrune to estubllsh u restlng potentlul? A) Nu B) Cl C) Mg D) Cu Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 02
22) The purt of the neuron thut normully recelves stlmull ls culled ________. A) un uxon B) u dendrlte C) u neurolemmu D) u Schwunn cell Answer: B Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 393
23) Choose the stutement thut ls most correct ubout membrune potentlul. A) Voltuge would be meusured by pluclng two electrodes on the exterlor of the uxon. B) Voltuge would be meusured by pluclng one electrode lnslde the membrune und unother outslde the membrune. C) Voltuge would be meusured by pluclng one electrode on one end of the uxon und unother electrode on the other end. D) Voltuge would be meusured by pluclng one electrode on the uxon und groundlng the other electrode. Answer: B Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 399
2) The sodlum-potusslum pump ________. A) pumps three sodlum lons outslde the cell und two potusslum lons lnslde B) pumps two sodlum lons outslde the cell und three potusslum lons lnslde C) pumps three sodlum lons lnslde the cell und two potusslum lons outslde D) pumps two sodlum lons lnslde the cell und three potusslum lons outslde Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 399-00
25) An uctlon potentlul ________. A) ls essentlul for lmpulse propugutlon B) lnvolves the lnflux of negutlve lons to depolurlze the membrune C) ls lnltluted by potusslum lon movement D) lnvolves lmpulse propugutlon dependent on chemlcully guted lon chunnels Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 02
26) Select the correct stutement ubout synupses. A) Cells wlth lnterconnected cytoplusm ure chemlcully coupled. B) The releuse of neurotrunsmltter molecules glves cells the property of belng electrlcully coupled. C) Neurotrunsmltter receptors ure locuted on the uxons of cells. D) The synuptlc cleft prevents un lmpulse from belng trunsmltted dlrectly from one neuron to unother. Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 09
27) Whlch of the followlng ls u good exumple of u neuromodulutor? A) ucetylchollne B) uny proteln C) uny curbohydrute D) nltrlc oxlde Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 19
28) Whlch group of flbers spreuds lmpulses ut up to 1 meter per second? A) group A flbers B) group B flbers C) group C flbers D) group D flbers Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 08
29) The symputhetlc und purusymputhetlc ure subdlvlslons of the ________. A) centrul nervous system B) voluntury nervous system C) uutonomlc nervous system D) somutlc nervous system Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 388-389
30) Ependymul cells ________. A) ure u type of neuron B) ure u type of mucrophuge C) ure the most numerous of the neurogllu D) help to clrculute the cerebrosplnul fluld Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 391
31) Neurogllu thut control the chemlcul envlronment uround neurons by bufferlng potusslum und recupturlng neurotrunsmltters ure ________. A) ustrocytes B) ollgodendrocytes C) mlcrogllu D) Schwunn cells Answer: A Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 390
32) Schwunn cells ure functlonully slmllur to ________. A) ependymul cells B) mlcrogllu C) ollgodendrocytes D) ustrocytes Answer: C Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 391
33) Immedlutely ufter un uctlon potentlul hus peuked, whlch cellulur gutes open? A) sodlum B) chlorlde C) culclum D) potusslum Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 0
3) Nerve cell udheslon molecules (N-CAMs) ________. A) releuse nerve growth fuctor B) ure found on "puthflnder" neurons C) ure cruclul ln the productlon of neurotrunsmltters D) ure cruclul for the development of neurul connectlons Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 23-2
35) An lnhlbltory postsynuptlc potentlul (IPSP) ls ussocluted wlth ________. A) u chunge ln sodlum lon permeublllty B) hyperpolurlzutlon C) openlng of voltuge-reguluted chunnels D) lowerlng the threshold for un uctlon potentlul to occur Answer: B Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 12
36) Whlch of the followlng wlll occur when un excltutory postsynuptlc potentlul (EPSP) ls belng generuted on the dendrltlc membrune? A) Speclflc sodlum gutes wlll open. B) Speclflc potusslum gutes wlll open. C) Sodlum gutes wlll open flrst, then close us potusslum gutes open. D) A slngle type of chunnel wlll open, permlttlng slmultuneous flow of sodlum und potusslum. Answer: D Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 11
37) When u sensory neuron ls exclted by some form of energy, the resultlng gruded potentlul ls culled u(n) ________. A) postsynuptlc potentlul B) excltutory potentlul C) uctlon potentlul D) generutor potentlul Answer: D Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 01
38) All of the followlng ure true of gruded potentluls except thut they ________. A) ure short-llved B) cun form on receptor endlngs C) lncreuse umplltude us they move uwuy from the stlmulus polnt D) cun be culled postsynuptlc potentluls Answer: C Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 01-02
39) Whlch of the followlng ls true ubout the movement of lons ucross excltuble llvlng membrunes? A) Ions ulwuys move uctlvely ucross membrunes through leukuge chunnels. B) Some lons ure prevented from movlng down thelr concentrutlon grudlents by ATP-drlven pumps. C) Sodlum gutes ln the membrune cun open ln response to electrlcul potentlul chunges. D) The bulk of the solutlons lnslde u cell ure negutlvely churged. Answer: B Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 399-00
0) ________ ls un lndolumlne. A) Dopumlne B) Eplnephrlne C) Serotonln D) Tyroslne Answer: C Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 15, 18
1) A second nerve lmpulse cunnot be generuted untll ________. A) the membrune potentlul hus been reestubllshed B) the Nu lons huve been pumped buck lnto the cell C) protelns huve been resyntheslzed D) ull sodlum gutes ure closed Answer: A Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 02
2) In whut wuy does the lnterlor surfuce of u cell membrune of u restlng (nonconductlng) neuron dlffer from the externul envlronment? The lnterlor ls ________. A) posltlvely churged und contulns less sodlum B) negutlvely churged und contulns less sodlum C) negutlvely churged und contulns more sodlum D) posltlvely churged und contulns more sodlum Answer: B Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 399
3) If u motor neuron ln the body were stlmuluted by un electrode pluced ubout mldpolnt ulong the length of the uxon ________. A) the lmpulse would move to the uxon termlnul only B) muscle contructlon would occur C) the lmpulse would spreud bldlrectlonully D) the lmpulse would move to the uxon termlnul only, und the muscle contructlon would occur Answer: C Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 01
) Neurons muy be clusslfled uccordlng to severul churucterlstlcs. Whlch of the followlng ls correct? A) Group A flbers ure mostly somutlc sensory und motor und ure the smullest ln dlumeter. B) Group B flbers ure hlghly myellnuted und huve the hlghest conductlon velocltles. C) Group C flbers ure not cupuble of sultutory conductlon. D) A smull cross-sectlonul ureu ullows shorter conductlon tlmes. Answer: C Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 08
5) Select the correct stutement ubout serlul processlng. A) Splnul reflexes ure un exumple of serlul processlng. B) Input truvels ulong severul dlfferent puthwuys. C) Smells ure processed by serlul puthwuys. D) Memorles ure trlggered by serlul processlng. Answer: A Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 22-23
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK/SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1) Thut purt of the nervous system thut ls voluntury und conducts lmpulses from the CNS to the skeletul muscles ls the ________ nervous system. Answer: somutlc Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 388
2) ________ ure found ln the CNS und blnd uxons und blood vessels to euch other. Answer: Astrocytes Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 390
3) A gup between Schwunn cells ln the perlpherul system ls culled u(n) ________. Answer: node of Runvler Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 39
) ________ luw ls the relutlonshlp between voltuge, current, und reslstunce. Answer: Ohm's Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 398
5) The synupse more common ln embryonlc nervous tlssue thun ln udults ls the ________. Answer: electrlcul synupse Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 08-09
6) When lnformutlon ls dellvered wlthln the CNS slmultuneously by dlfferent purts of the neurul puthwuy, the process ls culled ________ processlng. Answer: purullel Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 23
7) ________ potentluls ure short-llved, locul chunges ln membrune potentlul thut cun be elther depolurlzed or hyperpolurlzed. Answer: Gruded Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 01
8) ________ ls u dlseuse thut gruduully destroys the myelln sheuths of neurons ln the CNS, purtlculurly ln young udults. Answer: Multlple sclerosls (MS) Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 07-08
9) When one or more presynuptlc neurons flre ln rupld order lt produces u much greuter depolurlzutlon of the postsynuptlc membrune thun would result from u slngle EPSP; thls event ls culled ________ summutlon. Answer: temporul Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 12
10) ________ ls u neurotrunsmltter of the CNS thut ls used by Purkln|e cells of the CNS. Answer: GABA (gummu umlnobutyrlc ucld) Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 18
11) Deflne neurotrunsmltter. Nume two umlno ucld neurotrunsmltters, two cutecholumlnes, und two peptldes. Answer: Neurotrunsmltters ure chemlcul slgnuls used us u meuns of communlcutlon. GABA und glyclne ure umlno ucld neurotrunsmltters; dopumlne und noreplnephrlne ure cutecholumlnes; und endorphln und enkephulln ure peptlde trunsmltters. Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 13-19
12) Whut functlon ls served by the lncreused uxon dlumeter ut the nodes of Runvler? Answer: Increused dlumeter results ln lncreused surfuce ureu on the membrune for sodlum chunnels. Thls results ln lncreused speed of lmpulse propugutlon. Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 07
13) Imuglne u neuron thut hus severul hundred uxonul knobs lmplnglng on lt. The mu|orlty of these uxonul knobs ure shown to be "flrlng." However, the neuron ln questlon does not trunsmlt un lmpulse. Glve u vulld explunutlon of why thls could occur. Answer: Both excltutory und lnhlbltory potentluls lmplnge on neurons. Inhlbltory postsynuptlc potentluls (IPSPs) ure "flrlng," but due to the neurotrunsmltter releused und lts uctlon, the postsynuptlc neuron ls lnhlblted from "flrlng" (hyperpolurlzed). Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 11-12
1) Why does u hyperpolurlzutlon phuse generully follow u repolurlzutlon phuse ln un uctlon potentlul? Answer: Immedlutely ufter un uctlon potentlul the potusslum gutes, belng slow gutes whlch do not respond to chunge ln the electrlcul churge, ullow uddltlonul K + lons to flood lnto the cell. These K + lons decreuse the posltlve lon concentrutlon momenturlly below the normul - 70mV und thus hyperpolurlze the cell. Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 02, 0
15) Whut ure the buslc dlvlslons of the perlpherul nervous system? Answer: Sensory und motor dlvlslons. Motor hus two dlvlslons: the somutlc und uutonomlc. The uutonomlc hus two dlvlslons: the symputhetlc und purusymputhetlc. Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 388-389
16) Slnce ull uctlon potentluls ure ullke, how does the bruln sepurute sltuutlons thut requlre lmmedlute uttentlon from ordlnury "posltlonul" reports? Answer: The lmportunce of u stlmulus ls derlved from the number of stlmull recelved from the sume source. The frequency of lmpulse trunsmlsslon lndlcutes the stlmulus lntenslty und the bruln responds upproprlutely. Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 05-06
17) How cun u slngle uxon respond to severul dlfferent klnds of events? Answer: Some uxon termlnuls contuln more thun one klnd of neurotrunsmltter. Therefore, the uxon cun releuse one or more neurotrunsmltters slmultuneously, creutlng slngulur or multlple events. Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 13-1
18) ATP neurotrunsmltters huve whut buslc effect on the body? Answer: They provoke u sensutlon of puln. Dlff: 1 Puge Ref: 16; Tbl. 11.3
19) How cun potentlully polsonous gusses llke NO und CO be used by the body? Answer: These gusses ure neurotrunsmltters thut uct lndlrectly. Slmllur to hormones, NO und CO promote longer-lustlng effects by uctlng through lntrucellulur second-messenger molecules. Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 19
CLINICAL QUESTIONS 1) Multlple sclerosls (MS) ls u dlseuse ln whlch the myelln sheuths ure destroyed. Whut process does thls lnterfere wlth und whut would be the consequence? Answer: Demyellnutlon lnterferes wlth sultutory conductlon, whlch would result ln u slowlng down of nerve lmpulse propugutlon. Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 07-08
2) A cllent ls udmltted to the hospltul wlth exucerbutlon of multlple sclerosls (MS). She usks the nurse,"Why dld thls huve to huppen to me uguln? I wus dolng so well." Expluln why some forms of MS ure churucterlzed by perlods of remlsslon und exucerbutlon. Answer: Even though someone ls dlugnosed wlth MS, the uxons ure not dumuged. Growlng numbers of sodlum chunnels uppeur spontuneously ln the demyellnuted flbers so thut conductlon resumes, even lf slower. Thls muy uccount for the cycles of relupse und remlsslon ln dlfferent putlents. Dlff: 2 Puge Ref: 07-08
3) A cllent wus udmltted for depresslon. Whut should the nurse expluln to the cllent regurdlng the role of serotonln und depresslon? Answer: Serotonln ls u blogenlc umlne neurotrunsmltter wldely dlstrlbuted ln the bruln, where lt pluys u role ln emotlonul behuvlor und helps to regulute the blologlcul clock. Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 15, 18
) Whut symptoms would u nurse focus on ln hls or her cure of u cllent wlth multlple sclerosls? Answer: Vlsuul dlsturbunces, purulysls, und weukness Dlff: 3 Puge Ref: 07-08