Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Voz sobre IP
3. Funcionamento ............................................................................................8
4. Arquitetura do VoIP.....................................................................................13
6. Conclusão .................................................................................................15
7. Bibliografia ................................................................................................16
v=0
o=- 52736748 52736748 IN IP4 192.168.100.191
s=-
c=IN IP4 200.192.143.93
t=0 0
m=audio 20008 RTP/AVP 0 2 4 8 18 96 97 98 100 101
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=rtpmap:2 G726-32/8000
a=rtpmap:4 G723/8000
a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000
a=rtpmap:18 G729a/8000
a=rtpmap:96 G726-40/8000
a=rtpmap:97 G726-24/8000
a=rtpmap:98 G726-16/8000
a=rtpmap:100 NSE/8000
a=fmtp:100 192-193
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
a=fmtp:101 0-15
a=ptime:30
a=sendrecv
v=0
o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 4798 2125 IN IP4 200.150.15.130
s=SIP Call
c=IN IP4 200.150.15.130
t=0 0
m=audio 17078 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 200.150.15.130
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=ptime:20
Este campo identifica um hash MD5 feito com a senha que ambos os lados
sabem. Logo em seguida, é enviado ao servidor novamente o mesmo pacote INVITE
porém com o campo "response" que contém o resultado do hash enviado pelo
servidor junto com a senha da linha que esta sendo utilizada.
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:47.993889 200.229.119.76:5060 -] 200.192.143.93:5060
SIP/2.0 401 Unauthorized
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=dd47956ff11982cd7352befc884be881.b617
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 1 INVITE
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="tln-proxy.novaphone.net", nonce="490cc1274330d63c21e72065af65ac5e7fd1bd09"
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:48.079036 200.192.143.93:5060 -] 200.229.119.76:5060
ACK sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net SIP/2.0
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=dd47956ff11982cd7352befc884be881.b617
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 1 ACK
Contact: [sip:555151728@200.192.143.93:5060]
max-forwards: 70
user-agent: Linksys/PAP2T-3.1.15(LS)
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:48.101092 200.192.143.93:5060 -] 200.229.119.76:5060
INVITE sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net SIP/2.0
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net]
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Contact: [sip:555151728@200.192.143.93:5060]
Authorization: Digest username="555151728", realm="tln-proxy.novaphone.net",
nonce="490cc1274330d63c21e72065af65ac5e7fd1bd09", uri="sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net",
response="73d2e3445f1f6fca2b28e413362aa696", algorithm=MD5
expires: 240
user-agent: Linksys/PAP2T-3.1.15(LS)
Allow: ACK, BYE, CANCEL, INFO, INVITE, NOTIFY, OPTIONS, REFER
Depois o servidor verificar o campo response e verificar que o calculo feito esta
correto de acordo com a senha, o servidor envia um INVITE a gateway de
terminação (que será visto mais a frente) e esta quando consegue completar a
ligação, envia um pacote Session Progress ao servidor, que reenvia ao cliente. E
quando o destino atende a ligação é enviado um pacote cotendo um OK e em
seguida a este pacote, o cliente responde com um ACK. A partir deste momento, a
ligação já esta em progresso.
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:53.058868 200.229.122.15:5060 -] 200.229.119.76:5060
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, OPTIONS, BYE, CANCEL, ACK, PRACK, COMET, REFER, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, INFO, UPDATE, REGISTER
Allow-Events: telephone-event
Contact: [sip:5000#555140030482@200.150.15.130:5060]
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:53.059163 200.229.119.76:5060 -] 200.192.143.93:5060
SIP/2.0 183 Session Progress
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, OPTIONS, BYE, CANCEL, ACK, PRACK, COMET, REFER, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, INFO, UPDATE, REGISTER
Contact: [sip:5000#555140030482@200.150.15.130:5060]
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:53.288800 200.229.122.15:5060 -] 200.229.119.76:5060
SIP/2.0 200 OK
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, OPTIONS, BYE, CANCEL, ACK, PRACK, COMET, REFER, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, INFO, UPDATE, REGISTER
Contact: [sip:5000#555140030482@200.150.15.130:5060]
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:53.288966 200.229.119.76:5060 -] 200.192.143.93:5060
SIP/2.0 200 OK
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 2 INVITE
Allow: INVITE, OPTIONS, BYE, CANCEL, ACK, PRACK, COMET, REFER, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, INFO, UPDATE, REGISTER
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:53.395406 200.192.143.93:5060 -] 200.229.119.76:5060
ACK sip:05140030482@200.229.119.76;ftag=edf4d970f0255abbo1;lr SIP/2.0
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 2 ACK
Contact: [sip:555151728@200.192.143.93:5060]
Authorization: Digest username="555151728", realm="tln-proxy.novaphone.net",
nonce="490cc1274330d63c21e72065af65ac5e7fd1bd09", uri="sip:05140030482@200.192.143.93:5060",
response="f51deb0bde56f150c07b2951307f8580", algorithm=MD5
user-agent: Linksys/PAP2T-3.1.15(LS)
--
U 2008/11/01 16:45:53.399970 200.229.119.76:5060 -] 200.229.122.15:5060
ACK sip:5000#555140030482@200.150.15.130:5060 SIP/2.0
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 2 ACK
Contact: [sip:555151728@200.192.143.93:5060]
--
U 2008/11/01 16:46:09.529964 200.229.119.76:5060 -] 200.229.122.15:5060
BYE sip:5000#555140030482@200.150.15.130:5060 SIP/2.0
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 4 BYE
Authorization: Digest username="555151728", realm="tln-proxy.novaphone.net",
nonce="490cc1274330d63c21e72065af65ac5e7fd1bd09", uri="sip:05140030482@200.192.143.93:5060",
response="a378c541e10c587ba8516ba5028ad5e6", algorithm=MD5
user-agent: Linksys/PAP2T-3.1.15(LS)
--
U 2008/11/01 16:46:09.813460 200.229.122.15:5060 -] 200.229.119.76:5060
SIP/2.0 200 OK
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 4 BYE
--
U 2008/11/01 16:46:09.813644 200.229.119.76:5060 -] 200.192.143.93:5060
SIP/2.0 200 OK
From: [sip:555151728@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=edf4d970f0255abbo1
To: [sip:05140030482@tln-proxy.novaphone.net];tag=45ADFCE0-15B0
Call-ID: 83c8a354-9b8f7a27@192.168.100.191
CSeq: 4 BYE
3.2 Registro
O registro do terminal do cliente é necessário para o caso de o terminal
precisar receber uma ligação. Caso a gateway não saiba onde o terminal esta
registrado, será devolvido uma mensagem "404 Not Found" e a chamada não será
completada, dando tom de ocupado. Porém, caso o terminal esteja registrado, a
gateway saberá para onde deverá mandar o INVITE. Um exemplo de registro de
terminal pode ser visto abaixo:
--
U 2008/11/02 18:24:19.270194 200.229.119.76:5060 -> 200.192.143.93:5060
SIP/2.0 401 Unauthorized
From: <sip:555154316@tln-proxy.novaphone.net>;tag=e17bea62e8da7c19o1..
To: <sip:555154316@tln-proxy.novaphone.net>;tag=dd47956ff11982cd7352befc884be881.b617..Call-ID:
f8a155f4-8458b5a7@192.168.100.191..
WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="tln-proxy.novaphone.net",
nonce="490e29bfb6469bf112978ad0e3cff1db87ce23dc"
--
U 2008/11/02 18:24:19.318767 200.192.143.93:5060 -> 200.229.119.76:5060
REGISTER sip:tln-proxy.novaphone.net SIP/2.0
From: <sip:555154316@tln-proxy.novaphone.net>;tag=e17bea62e8da7c19o1..
To: <sip:555154316@tln-proxy.novaphone.net>..Call-ID: f8a155f4-8458b5a7@192.168.100.191..
CSeq: 8986 REGISTER..
Authorization: Digest username="555154316", realm="tln-proxy.novaphone.net",
nonce="490e29bfb6469bf112978ad0e3cff1db87ce23dc", uri="sip:tln-proxy.novaphone.net",
response="91b066dad5a30e42ab1be925cb28c977", algorithm=MD5..
--
U 2008/11/02 18:24:19.364548 200.229.119.76:5060 -> 200.192.143.93:5060
SIP/2.0 200 OK..
From: <sip:555154316@tln-proxy.novaphone.net>;tag=e17bea62e8da7c19o1..
To: <sip:555154316@tln-proxy.novaphone.net>;tag=dd47956ff11982cd7352befc884be881.b617..Call-ID:
f8a155f4-8458b5a7@192.168.100.191..
expires=3600
Novamente, neste exemplo, foram retirados alguns dados do pacote SIP para
melhor entendimento do processo.
Pode ser feito também uma ligação PSTN - PSTN. O cliente disca para algum
0800 ou um número de acesso a Gateway que encaminha para uma Gateway local
no destino que deve ser chamado. A comunicação Gateway - Gateway ocorre através
da rede IP, com VoIP, economizando assim uma ligação, por exemplo, internacional.
E da mesma forma que a ligação pode ser feita PSTN - PSTN, VoIP - PSTN,
também é possível fazer ligações VoIP - VoIP. A única diferença é que a chamada é
encaminhada diretamente ao outro cliente sem precisar passar pela rede PSTN.