Anthropology

Assignment due 20th Dec Summaries of articles 1. Barberous Operation During Middle age, barbers involved full range of outpatient services, included extract teeth and bloodletting. 2. The St. Peter Principle By the influences of the humoral theory of diseases, bloodletting was one of a method to treat diseases; it was adopted for almost 3000 yrs. In middle age, the surgical procedures included bloodletting, barbering were preformed by Holy orders, but later were kind of opposed due to blood shedding, till 1092, for economys sake, monasteries seek other to perform bleeding and sharing, therefore, haired staff barber, called razor et minutor, barber and blood remover, then barber were able to perform many surgical procedures. In 1163, there was decree that banded monks to perform any operation if blood would be shed. Because of the decree, the tooth extraction or other surgeries were performed by barbers who were poor educated, non-physician, non-health profession. Later, in 1212, Edict of Pope Innocent III even strengthened the church policy, then, all the surgery related procedure were all fall to the barbers, executioners and pig castrators. 3. Quack a la Mode In between seventeenth to nineteenth centuries of France, the tooth drawers were disrepute as impostors, even Pierre Fauchard, who was now named as the Father of Dentistry also referred as the Theater of impostors. It was a time that full of quacks. The tooth-drawer preformed his expertise cold-hearted in places such as free market, also the concept of dental procedures were falsely interpreted. 4. Extracting Revenge Punish or revenge by extracting someones teeth, especially the upper incisor and canine, referred as eyeteeth. 5. From Swindling Charlatans to Bleeding Barbers In middle age, the dentists office was like a circus, performed extraction like a show, which trick the audiences that would later be ministrated, disregard the causes. The performance is more like an advertisement. Due to the facts, dentist became quacks and charlatans. It was also fact that physician contemptuous dental care, and saying it was best left to barbers and charlatans to extract tooth. Those physicians at the time thought dentistry is a low class occupation.