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OF 3 MEASURING POINTS
WATER LEVEL TELEMETRY PROTOTYPE
THROUGH RADIO CHANNEL
Prihadi Murdiyat1, Hari Purwadi1, Agusma Wajiansyah1, Supriadi1
Electrical Department, Samarinda State Polytechnic
1
pmurdiyat@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The water level telemetry system can be provided through radio channel
because the radio channel has many advantage than other
telecommunication media like copper cable or optic fiber cable . In order to
obtain accurate information in controller PC, the data communication
between some parts in telemetry has to done success.
The purpose of this research is to designing and implementing the data
communication system of water level telemetry system prototype through the
radio channel. The results of the research are hardware system, software
system include telecommunication protocol which is used in data
communication controlling.
From the prototype measuring and testing, it can be found that data
transmission can work through 1200 bps FSK modulation which carried by
144 MHz radio channel. Also, that the data transmission coordination for 3
measuring points (Remote Terminal Unit/RTU) can work in the protocol
frame work which is used.
Keyword : water level telemetry, data communication, FSK modulation,
radio channel
area which is closed with the river or the area point real time and day by day continuously.
which has low level. Special handling is There is provided a high operational cost.
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terminal unit (RTU) placed in required place, By the digital communication, digital
radio channel. Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) is used
The purpose of this research is designing for converting. Water level is analog data, so
through the radio channel. The results of the In digital mode, data transmission speed
real condition. equation (Lin, 1993):
The proofs in some research shows that C = B log2 (S/N) (1)
water level telemetry can be used to predict In order to obtain big channel capacity
flood like in Hungaria (Konecsny, 2006) or in condition of same bandwidth, high SNR
noise resistant.
Based on type of its transfer data, information signal by carrier signal which
and digital communication system. In the type. Regarding carrier signal parameter, a
due to its processing and transmission which Shift Keying (FSK) and Phase Shift Keying
have many advantages. (PSK) (Shimoshio, 1995).
data can be detected and repaired easier Meanwhile in FSK, the carrier parameter
(Lin, 1993).
2
ASK and FSK are generally used in 3. SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
FSK is generally used in asynchronous
processor Modem RX
Actuator Measuring point 1
communication. In FSK, the used parameters Measuring point 2
TX/
RX
Radio
Modem
PC
Computer
Central Office
are (Shimoshio,1995): Measuring point 3
Modulation index :
Figure 1. The system diagram block
mFSK = | (Fm – Fs)/2| / (Fb/2) (2)
Where :
Each measuring point consist of : water
Fm = Frequency of mark (logic 1)
level measurement instrument, data
Fs = Frequency of space (logic 0)
processor, radio modem and transceiver.
Fb = Speed of input data
Transceiver is an equipment which can sends
The needed minimum bandwidth is
(transmits) and receives radio signal.
B = 2 x N x Fb/2 (3)
The output of water level measurement
Where N is set of the main side frequency.
instrument is analog signal. So that, the data
Based on Table Bessel Function (Shimoshio,
processor changes it into 8 bit serial digital
1995), the big index modulation will provide
signal and added with 8 bit header.
more number of N.
This 16 bit serial digital signal is
The other important thing in data
changed into two kind of audio frequency by
communication is data format will be sent.
radio modem (modulator – demodulator).
There are many data format which is used to
Logic 0 is changed (modulated) into low
send digital data. PC computer have some
frequency and logic 1 into higher frequency.
standard port which have their data format.
Both of them is carried by 144 MHz
Those standard ports are parallel port
carrier signal provided by transmitter part in
which known as LPT 1:, serial port with its
transceiver in Frequency Modulation (FM)
RS232 format and USB. Serial port with its
and will be sent to central office through
RS232 is used to send digital data in
radio channel.
asynchronous serial bit in speed up to
In this research, the central office acts as
hundreds kbps..
a control unit. The FM radio signal which is
3
the receiver part in control unit transceiver. number of measuring point in this system is
The two kind of audio frequency which are 64 sets.
modem and sent to PC Computer serial port. measured parameter which available in each
monitor screen and logged in the database. If necessary, it can be added with flow speed,
controls all measuring point activities in the
opposite way.
4. ID AND ITEM NUMBER 5. MEASURING POINT
The next problem resulted is how the At before was presented that each
central office able to differences one measuring point consists of water level
measuring point from the others. The measurement instrument, data processor,
bit header. level measurement instrument converts water
The frame of data which sent or received level parameter into electrical voltage which
is shown in Figure 2. There is 16 bit which is is appropriate with it.
by ADC has parallel form. It will be changed
MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB
ID number Item no. 8 bit data
into 8 bit serial form and be added with 8 bit
Figure 2. The frame of data header by microcontroller AT89C51. Before
to be sent to radio modem, this 16 bit data
ID numbers which consist of 6 bit binary added with 1 bit start bit and 2 bit stop bit.
number have 26 = 64 combination from
0000b to 1111b. It means that the maximum
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Afterwards, this digital data is converted central office able to control most of all
into audio frequency regarding its logic measuring point activities. There is can be
level. In radio modem based on TCM 3105, done in the opposite way.
logic 1 is converted into 2400 Hz sinusoid When the PC want to obtain data from
as Frequency Shift Keying (FSK). to measure point 1. The request command is
Modulation (FM) signal which has ability to request command data.
reduce noise in radio channel. The Its digital data is converted into audio
bandwidth of 144 MHz transceiver which is signal by the radio modem in central office
which has 9600 bps speed. But due to radio format. All of measuring points will accept
modem ability which has up to 1200 bps this FM signal and separate audio signal
speed, the data transmission speed is set to from carrier signal through their receiver.
1200 bps. The radio modem converts audio signal
into digital signal which can be read by the
6. CENTRAL OFFICE microcontroller. The microcontroller in each
the audio frequency level from the carrier measuring point 1 will answer this request
level. due to appropriate its request ID.
PC serial port digital level. The program in MULTIPLE ACCESS
PC will process its data to be water level The transmission protocol proposed is
measurement display in monitor screen. Also simple and based on Stop and Wait ARQ.
logs in database system. ARQ is abbreviation of Automatic Repeat
Except to receive measurement data Request.
from measuring point and process it, PC in
5
All of measuring point will send its
measuring data when it is requested by PC in 8. PROTOTYPE TEST RESULTS
setting is done.
point activities, it is necessary to decide the
channel is used to transmission of all part in
system proposed. When there is no multiple
send by the measuring point while it send the
request without listen the channel activity. Figure 3. 16 bit data waveform
The multiple access technique decided is
Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision The FSK modem output due to the
Detection (CSMA/CD) which commonly digital signal input is shown in Figure 4.
used in radio packet method. This technique Based on time/div scale, it can be seen that
information.
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not busy yet. It is proofed that multiple
access system is worked.
9. CONCLUSION
testing, it can be found that data transmission
can work through 1200 bps FSK modulation
Figure 4. FSK modem output which carried by 144 MHz radio channel. The
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Figure 5. Comparison of input and Biology and ecology, Vol. 30 Issues
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